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ウズラの近交系における蛋白質多型の特性を明らかにする目的で,酸性ホスファターゼ型(試験I)と,ヘモグロビン型(試験II)を標識として,近交系におけるこれらの座位のヘテロ有利性の有無について検討を行なった.2つの座位のヘテロ有利性の検討については,それぞれ独立に近交系を作出して試験を行なった.近交系の作出にあたっては酸性ホスファターゼ型,あるいはヘモグロビン型について,ヘテロ型同志のFull-sib交配を行なった.また,ヘテロ有利性の有無については,各座位の表現型の分離比(理論比,1:2:1)を調べることによってたしかめた.1. 酸性ホスファターゼ型を標識とした試験Iと,ヘモグロビン型を標識とした試験IIにおける各世代の8週齢時生存率をみると,近交0世代では,いずれも80%前後であるが,以後,世代が進むとともに減少する傾向が見られた.試験IIでは,第4世代で家系が絶滅したが,試験IIではFull-sib 9世代まで維持することができ,現在,世代の更新中である.2. 酸性ホスファターゼ型について,ヘテロ型同志のFull-sib交配(AB×AB)による各世代の表現型の分布をみると,Full-sib 2世代目をのぞいて,AA:AB:BBがほぼ1:2:1の比率で分離した.3. ヘモグロビン型を標識として,ヘテロ型同志のFull-sib交配(AB×AB)を9世代続けた結果,いずれの世も,AA:AB:BBが,ほぼ1:2:1の比率で分離した.また,BB型は他の表現型に比較して,ややC-値(観察値/期待値)が劣る傾向が見られた.4. 近交度を高めることにより,酸性ホスファターゼおよびヘモグロビンの各座位のヘテロ効果を期待したが,上述のように,いずれの座位においてもほぼ1:2:1の比率で分離したことから,両座位のヘテロ効果は現われないものと思われる.

ウズラの酸性ホスファターゼ•アイソザイム型と種々の経済形質との関連について分析を行なった.1) ウズラの酸性ホスファターゼ•アイソザイムにおけるAB×ABの交配型からえられた子の8週齢での表現型出現頻度を検討した結果,ヘテロ型の出現頻度が期待値よりも幾分低かった.2) 各週齢時の体重は,雌雄いずれにおいてもABはAAおよびBBよりも小さい傾向が見られた.3) 産卵特質については,初産日齢,産卵率,卵重および入卵率のいずれにおいても表現型間差は見られなかった.4) AA×AA, AA×BB, BB×AAおよびBB×BBの4つの交配型における受精率の比較からAA雌はBB雌よりも約10%高い受精率を示すことが判明した.また,受精卵数に対する孵化率では,胚の表現型AA, ABおよびBBが,それぞれ72.3%,72.8%および78.5%を示し,BBの胚が最も高い成績を示した.5) 孵化時から8週齢時までの生存率はAA, ABおよびBBが80.3%,76.5%および81.6%を示し,ヘテロ型はホモ型よりも低い生存率を示した.また,適応度指数においてもヘテロ型はホモ型に比較してやや低く評価された.

By means of agar gel electrophoresis, acid phosphatase in various organs of the Japanese quail was separated into two polymorphic regions (Acp-1 and Acp-2), and it was found that there existed AA, AB and BB phenotypes in the slow mobility region (Acp-2) on the anode side. These phenotypes in Acp-2 region were shown to be controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles: Acp-2Aand Acp-2B. Gene frequencies in the total population were: Acp-2A, 0.42; Acp-2B, 0.58.Acid phosphatase activity of embryo is detectable from 5th day of incubation and increases as the days of incubation increase. From crossing experiment, it was recognized that gene controlling acid phosphatase of embryo is the same gene that controls acid phosphatase in various organs of adult (Acp-2).

ウズラのヘモグロビン型と種々の経済形質との関連について分析を行なった.その結果の大要は次のとおりである.1) ヘモグロビンのAB×ABの交配から分離してえられたAA, ABおよびBBの3つの表現型について各週齢時体重を測定した結果,雌のABは他の表現型よりも体重が小さい傾向が見られた.一方,雄においては表現型間差は見られなかった.2) 産卵特質については,初産日齢および卵重では表現型間差はみられなかったが,産卵率(201～250日齢)および入卵率についてはBBが他の表現型よりも有意に低かった.3) 受精率ではAA×AAが最もすぐれ,また,BB×BBが最も劣っていた.受精卵に対する孵化率では,胚の表現型がABのものがもっとも優れていた(76.1%).4)8週齢までの生存率は,AA, ABおよびBBがそれぞれ,65.0%,66.4%および60.0%であった.また,各表現型の適応度指数はAA (29.3%),AB (30.9%)およびBB (18.7%)であり,BBが最も劣っていた.

Genetic variation in esterase of chicken erythrocytes was studied by the thin-layer agar gel electrophoresis, and three phenotypes such as AA, AB and BB were detected in the region of fast mobility on the anodic side. It was made clear that these phenotypes were controlled by a pair of co-dominant alleles, i.e. Es-8A and Es-8B, located on the autosome. From the results of the substrate and inhibitor test Es-8 esterase was assumed to be an aliesterase.Phenotypic distribution and gene frequency of Es-8 locus in ten breeds of chickens were estimated. White Leghorn (0.85) showed a high frequency of Es-8A, while White Cornish (0.86), White Plymouth Rock (dw strain; 0.96) and Satsumadori (0.81) demonstrated high frequencies of Es-8B.

In the present study, alkaline phosphatase isozyme of serum in Japanese quail was analyzed electrophoretically; and the relations among alkaline phosphatase activity, thyroidal function and sex hormone were examined.The results are summarized as follows:1) It was found that alkaline phosphatase activity (total activity) of serum in immature Japanese quail was higher than that of mature ones. In the male it continued to decrease with advancing age until 8 weeks of age and afterward it maintained a low activity in maturity. In the female it decreased with advancing age until 6 weeks of age; but at 7 weeks of age when the female reached the stage of egg-laying, serum alkaline phosphatase of the female increased somewhat and thereafter it declined again consistently. The activity of the female is slightly higher than that of the male at the mature stage.2) By means of agar-gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase of Japanese quail was separated into two polymorphic regions, and it was found that there existed Fpattern appearing in the fast mobility region (Akp-1) and A, B and C-pattern in the slow mobility region (Akp-2) on the anode side.3) From the result of a comparative study on activities of the abovementioned patterns at each week, it was found that the activity of each pattern was higher in immature quail than in mature ones. Further, at the stage of sexual maturity, the activity of F-pattern of the female was higher than that of the male. These results suggest that the aforsaid difference between the male and female on alkaline phosphatase activity (total activity) at the mature stage is caused by the difference in F-pattern activity between the male and female.4) To elucidate the endocrine control of serum alkaline phosphatase isozyme pattern in the Japanese quail, the present authors undertook the experiments of administration of L-thyroxine, feeding of thiouracil, gonadectomy and administration of sex hormones. As a result, it is suggested that alkaline phophatase activity at the immature stage is resulted to thyroidal function and that F-pattern activity of the female at the adult stage is controlled by estrogen.

Serum amylase isozyme of various breeds of domestic fowl and four species of jungle fowl was studied from genetico-biochemical aspects. The results are summarized as follows:1) In respect of serum amylase isozyme of domestic fowl, 5 bands were detected on the anode side and among these bands, genetic variations were seen in the bands A and B and the existence of three phenotypes, AA, AB and BB was confirmed. From the results of various mating experiments, these bands A and B were found to be controlled by a pair of co-dominant alleles, Amy-1A and Amy-1B located on autosome.2) As to various breeds of domestic fowl classified per origin or use, frequency of phenotype and gene frequency of serum amylase isozyme were examined. As a result, distinct differences among breeds were observed in the frequency of occurrence. The above results seem to be suggestive of the possibility of studies of breed differentiation in domestic fowl with genes controlling amylase isozyme as markers.3) Serum amylase isozyme of four species of jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, Gallus sonneratii, Gallus varius and Gallus lafayetti was analyzed and compared with that of domestic fowl. As a result, coincidence of the phenotypes of serum amylase isozyme of these jungle fowl with those of domestic fowl was confirmed.

By means of agar gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase of the Japanese quail was separated into two polymorphic regions, and it was found that there existed F-pattern appearing in the fast mobility region (Akp-1) and A, B and C pattern in the slow mobility region (Akp-2) on the anode side. With respect to Akp-2 region, six phenotypes were observed: AA, AB, BB, BC, AC and CC. These phenotypes were shown to be controlled by three autosomal co-dominant alleles: Akp-2A, Akp-2B and Akp-2C. Gene frequencies in the total population were: q Akp-2A, 0.081; q Akp-2B, 0.552; q Akp-2C, 0.367.

Summary A genetic variation was found in pancreatic esterases of Japanese quail which appeared to be arylesterase. It was found on the cathode side in the agar gel electrophoresis. Three phenotypes, A, B and AB, were observed. These phenotypes were shown to be controlled by one autosomal locus, designated as Es-4, with co-dominant alleles Es-4A and Es-4B. Es-4 esterase isozymes were detected in all the individuals from about 4 days of age, but the activity was very weak. However, it gradually increased to reach a level almost the same as that of a mature quail from about 15 days of age.