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Deuterium permeability through Nb, V, and Ta was measured in the temperature range between ∼300-500 °C and 100–1000 mbar. For the three materials, the permeation rate at 500 °C was between two and torders of magnitude below expected values which were obtained by combining diffusivity and solubility data and which have been traditionally accepted due to the insufficient experimental available data. Comparison with existing literature suggests a complex dependence of permeability with temperature, which helps explain this discrepancy. Given the important role of the surface condition on the permeability, additional deuterium permeation tests were carried out in vanadium for more realistic sample preparation. Results indicate that native oxides formed at room temperature introduce a permeation reduction of several orders of magnitude, and must be considered for practical applications.

In this paper, we intended to test the hypothesis that there is a common denominator in complex emotions which human experts can identify, specifically in determining target scenarios. The underlining concept behind our work is that the system aims to compose complex emotions from simplex emotions. Our propose does not completely ignore the need for human operators since they (the human operators) make the final decision to confirm that the input video sequence corresponds to the simplex and complex emotion. However, the proposed system is designed in such a way that, theoretically once it is fully installed and operational, it would work on its own by automatically generating message alerts for the human operator. This entire process is based on the identification and labelling of what we call elementary or basic activities, namely events that are recognizable by artificial vision algorithms in this case HER. To test our hypothesis, we carried out an experiment on human emotions in Alzheimer’s interviews video. The results of experimentation showing that is possible identify complex emotions in video, include in important context how Alzheimer.

Monitoring measurable residual disease has been postulated to be a surrogate marker of progression free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients after treatment with immunochemotherapy regimens. In this study, we have analyzed the outcome of 84 patients at 3 years of follow up after first line treatment with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab induction followed by 36 months of rituximab maintenance. Measurable residual disease was assessed by a quantitative four-color flow cytometry panel with a sensitivity level of 10-4. Eighty out of 84 evaluable patients (95.2%) achieved at least a partial response or better at the end of induction. After clinical evaluation, 74 patients went into rituximab maintenance and the primary endpoint was assessed in the final analysis at 3-years of follow up. Bone marrow measurable residual disease analysis was performed after the last planned induction course and every 6 months in cases with detectable residual disease during the 36-month of maintenance. Thirty-seven cases (44%) had undetectable bone marrow residual disease prior to maintenance. Interestingly, 29 patients with detectable bone marrow residual disease after induction, had undetectable bone marrow residual disease following maintenance. After a median follow-up of 6.30 years, median overall survival and progression free survival were not reached in patients with either undetectable or detectable bone marrow residual disease, who had achieved a complete response at the time of starting maintenance. Interestingly, univariate analysis showed that after rituximab maintenance overall survival was not affected by IGHV status (mutated vs unmutated overall survival: 85.7% alive at 7.2 years vs 79.6 % alive at 7.3 years, respectively). As per protocol, 15 patients (17.8%), who achieved a complete response and undetectable peripheral blood and bone marrow residual disease after 4 courses of induction, were allowed to stop fludarabine and cyclophosphamide and complete 2 additional courses of rituximab and continue with maintenance for 18 cycles. Surprisingly, the outcome in this population was similar to that observed in patients who received the full 6-cycles induction regimen. These data show that fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab followed by rituximab maintenance produce high-quality responses with less relapse and improved overall survival compared to historic controls, showing a favorable tolerability. Furthermore, attaining an early undetectable residual disease status could reduce the length of chemoimmunotherapy, reducing toxicities and preventing long-term side effects. The analysis of bone marrow measurable residual disease after fludarabine-based induction could be a powerful predictor of post-maintenance outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia undergoing rituximab maintenance and could be a valuable tool to identify patients at high risk of relapse, influencing further treatment strategies. This trial is registered with EudraCT No.: 2007-002733-36 and ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00545714.

Emotion analysis is a key variable in textual analysis, namely that which focuses on detecting, separating or extracting information related to human attitudes and feelings-such as opinions or value judgments. This research paper aims to identify through a combination of built a human interaction Lab to identify human emotions in the classroom. Although this research is only currently in its developmental stage, it provides some conclusions about the state of the art as well as details of future works that will be carried out in the field of lab emotion analysis in an online environment.

Trabajo presentado en el XXIII Congreso Nacional de Microbiología (SEM), celebrado en Salamanca del 11 al 14 de julio de 2011.

Els aneurismes dissecants d'aorta constitueixen una malaltia molt greu, de mal pronòstic i que acostuma a plantejar problemes diagnòstics i terapèutics importants, especialment en els casos aguts. Al nostre país la publicació dels casos operats és escassa. El pronòstic d'aquesta malaltia, el tractament mèdico-quirúrgic i la tècnica a seguir depenen en gran part de la localització de l'aneurisma i de la intervenció que es faci. En aquesta comunicació revisarem la nostra experiència en aquells casos en què la cirurgia es va circumscriure a l'aorta ascendent, amb intervenció sobre la vàlvula aòrtica o sense, i valorarem els problemes diagnòstics que hem trobat i la nostra conducta actual.

Las valvulopatías aórticas constituyen uno de los grupos más importantes dentro de las cardiopatías tratables quirúrgicamente. El grave pronóstico de esta enfermedad ha mejorado considerablemente con los métodos de sustitución valvular. ...

La comunicación interventricular es una de las cardiopatías más frecuentes. Su tratamiento es el cierre quirúrgico del defecto. De esta indicación solo pueden considerarse discutibles las C.I.V. de caracteres extremos...

El tratamiento de los aneurismas de aorta torácica podemos decir que es exclusivamente quirúrgico, salvo algunos casos de aneurisma disecante. En esta comunicación revisamos nuestra experiencia en dicho tema. Materiales y métodos: Comprende 12 casos intervenidos hasta la actualidad la actualidad, 4 mujeres y 8 hombres, de los que una mitad eran de aorta ascendente y la otra de aorta torácica descendente. La etiología de los mismos era: Degeneración quística de la media en 2. Infección en 2. Arteriosclerosis en 1. Valvulopatía aórtica en 1. Traumatismo en 1. Coartación de aorta en 3. Revisaremos los casos agrupados según su localización y etiología.

Rutinariamente se utilizan los signos clínicos para evaluar el grado de profundidad anestésica. La concentración alveolar mínima (CAM) del anestésico halogenado puede ser una medida objetiva de la potencia y del nivel anestésico. Con la introducción de los relajantes musculares, la CAM puede no ser adecuada para evaluar el grado de profundidad anestésica. Se han utilizado diversos monitores para esta medida, siendo los de la electroencefalografía (EEG) los más utilizados.Objetivos: Establecer el patrón electroencefalográfico del desflurano y los cambios hemodinámicos relacionados con el nivel anestésico. Observar los parámetros electroencefalográficos, como medida de la profundidad anestésica en las tres fases del acto anestésico (inducción, mantenimiento, recuperación). Establecer los cambios en la concentración del anestésico halogenado, administrado para alcanzar un valor del índice biespectral (BIS) entre 40-50, utilizando dos técnicas peridurales diferentes y objetivar si la adición de morfina disminuía el consumo del anestésico. Material y métodos: La primera parte del estudio se realizó sobre 24 pacientes de cirugía ginecológica a las que se monitorizó el EEG y administró desflurano a 0,5, 1 y 1,5 CAM Las variables hemodinámicas y los parámetros electroencefalográficos límite espectral 90 (LE90) y ratio delta fueron recogidos. La segunda parte del estudio se realizo de forma prospectiva sobre 50 pacientes de cirugía abdominal. Las variables hemodinámicas y los parámetros electroencefalográficos se recogieron: basal, antes y después de la intubación orotraqueal, después de la incisión quirúrgica, a los 60' del procedimiento, a los 90', cuando se retiraba el anestésico y el valor del BIS alcanzaba 60, cuando aparecía movimiento y en la extubación orotraqueal. La tercera parte del estudio se aplicó sobre 40 pacientes de cirugía colorrectal. A todos ellos se les colocaba un catéter peridural torácico. Los pacientes eran distribuidos de forma aleatoria y a doble ciego en dos grupos para recibir morfina 0,1% (2ml) a la solución de bupivacaina 0,25% Se administró el sevoflurano con el objetivo de alcanzar un BIS entre 40-50. Después de la extubación se preguntaba a los pacientes sobre la presencia de dolor.Resultados: La tensión arterial disminuyó al alcanzar una CAM de 1,5 y aumentó al retirar el anestésico halogenado, la frecuencia cardiaca no varió. Un descenso significativo del LE90 apareció al alcanzar una CAM de 1,5, indicando un plano anestésico más profundo. Aumentó durante la intubación, después de la intubación orotraqueal, a CAM de 0,5 y durante la extubación, indicando un nivel anestésico superficial. El valor del BIS disminuyó desde 95,6 hasta 34,7 y el LE90 desde 20,5 hasta 11,9 después de la inducción anestésica. Durante la recuperación anestésica el valor medio del BIS pasó desde 59,2 hasta 92,3 y el LE90 desde 15,1 hasta 22.2 Hz; la frecuencia cardiaca aumentó mientras que la presión arterial no. Los valores del EEG cuando apareció movimiento fueron de 77 para el BIS, (rango 58-96) y del LE90 de 18Hz (13-18). No hubieron diferencias significativas respecto a las concentraciones espiradas de sevoflurano para valores idénticos de BIS. El grupo bupivacaina-morfina presentó una menor valoración del dolor, en el momento de la extubación (no dolor al movimiento, 79% vs 31,5% pConclusiones: Podemos concluir que el EEG procesado ofrece una buena medida de la profundidad anestésica, ya que refleja los cambios de forma significativa en cada fase, mientras que las variables hemodinámicas no. Los parámetros electroencefalográficos son útiles para distinguir consciencia-inconsciencia durante las tres fases de la anestesia. El movimiento apareció para valores del BIS por encima de 58 y del LE90 por encima de 13 Hz, pudiendo indicar un nivel de hipnosis inadecuado. De la tercera parte del estudio podemos concluir que la adición de morfina al espacio peridural no reduce los requerimientos de sevoflurano pero si que provee una mayor calidad en la analgesia postoperatoria, durante la extubación orotraqueal., Different monitors have been tried to evaluate depth of anesthesia, and the most extended are the cerebral monitors of electroencephalography (EEG).Objectives: To establish the EEG pattern and hemodynamic variations of the desflurane. To observe the EEG parameters, during induction, maintenance, and recovery. To establish the changes in the anesthetic concentration, administered to maintain a bispectral index (BIS) between 40-50, when morphine is added to peridural solutions.Matherial and methods: Twenty-four patients of gynecological surgery were monitorized with the EEG. Desflurane was administered at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 MAC. Hemodynamic variables and the EEG parameters, spectral edge frequency (SEF90) and delta ratio were collected. The second part of the study on 50 patients of abdominal surgery, hemodynamic values and EEG parameters were collected at: basal situation; before and after orotracheal intubation; after surgical incision; at 60 minutes; at 90 minutes; when anesthetic was withdrawn and BIS reached 60; when movement appeared; and at extubation time. Finally, on 40 patients of colloproctological surgery a thoracic peridural catheter was placed. Patients were randomized to receive morphine 0.1% (2 ml). Sevoflurane concentration was titrated to maintain a BIS between 40-50. Results: Blood pressure fell at 1.5 MAC, but heart rate did not. A significant decrease in the SEF90 appeared at 1.5 MAC, indicating a deeper plane of anesthesia. BIS values decreased from 95,6 to 34.7 and SEF90 fell from 20.5 to 11.9 Hz after anesthesia induction. During recovery mean BIS increased from 59.2 to 92,3 and SEF90 from 15.1 to 22.2 Hz, heart rate increased but blood pressure did not. The EEG values recorded when movement appeared were 77 for BIS (range 58-96) and 18Hz for SEF90 (range13.18). The only findings were that the morphine group had a lower pain score level than the bupivacaine group ( no pain on movement, 79% vs 31.5%, pConclusions: We can conclude that EEG processing provides a good measure of depth of anesthesia. EEG parameters are useful for distinguishing between the states of consciousness and unconsciouness during the three phases of anesthesia. Adding morphine to the epidural solution did not reduce sevoflurane requirements but did provide high quality postoperative analgesia.