Search

El autor examina sistemáticamente el breve texto de las lecciones husserlianas de Gotinga, Problemas fundamentales de la fenomenología (1 91 0/11), en las que Husserl introduce las cuestiones generales de la fenomenología no desde el camino de la eidética, sino desde el de la experiencia. La importancia del texto aquí abordado en sus sietepartes radica fundamentalmente en lo siguiente: en constituir la primerapresentación clara de la temática de la intersubjetividad como problemacentral de la fenomenología; en la presencia del mundo como temaexplícito de la reflexión fenomenológica y en la presentación global de losproblemas de la idea de la fenomenología estática en el marco de constitución del mundo. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Humanidades

This paper deals with the arrow of complexification of engineering. We claim that the complexification of engineering consists in (a) that shift throughout which engineering becomes a science; thus it ceases to be a (mere) praxis or profession; (b) becoming a science, engineering can be considered as one of the sciences of complexity. In reality, the complexification of engineering is the process by which engineering can be studied, achieved and understood in terms of knowledge, and not of goods and services any longer. Complex engineered systems and bio-inspired engineering are so far the two expressions of a complex engineering., 9 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, preprint; Complexity. In the print (2011)

Provided that there is no theoretical frame for complex engineered systems (CES) as yet, this paper claims that bio-inspired engineering can help provide such a frame. Within CES bio-inspired systems play a key role. The disclosure from bio-inspired systems and biological computation has not been sufficiently worked out, however. Biological computation is to be taken as the processing of information by living systems that is carried out in polynomial time, i.e., efficiently; such processing however is grasped by current science and research as an intractable problem (for instance, the protein folding problem). A remark is needed here: P versus NP problems should be well defined and delimited but biological computation problems are not. The shift from conventional engineering to bio-inspired engineering needs bring the subject (or problem) of computability to a new level. Within the frame of computation, so far, the prevailing paradigm is still the Turing-Church thesis. In other words, conventional engineering is still ruled by the Church-Turing thesis (CTt). However, CES is ruled by CTt, too. Contrarily to the above, we shall argue here that biological computation demands a more careful thinking that leads us towards hypercomputation. Bio-inspired engineering and CES thereafter, must turn its regard toward biological computation. Thus, biological computation can and should be taken as the ground for engineering complex non-linear systems. Biological systems do compute in terms of hypercomputation, indeed. If so, then the focus is not algorithmic or computational complexity but computation-beyond-the-Church-Turing-barrier. We claim that we need a new computational theory that encompasses biological processes wherein the Turing-Church thesis is but a particular case., Comment: 9 pages, 0 figures

This paper presents and discusses an authentic landmark in the history of science, namely H. v. Foerster’s Cybernetics of Cybernetics, 1974, a most fundamental book based on the students’ notes. This is a book rarely known even by many specialists. This paper claims that von Foerster’s book constitutes a unique achievement in the history of science and pro-vides reasons. A thorough presentation is introduced that brings a complete panorama of concepts, problems and approaches

espanolEste articulo sostiene que la regla en el mundo social es el cambio, en todas las escalas de tiempo, sin ciclos ni periodicidades. Por consiguiente, el tema que emerge inmediatamente es la irregularidad del mundo. Si esto es cierto, deben ser posibles unas ciencias sociales irregulares. El mejor antecedente para una idea semejante se encuentra en la comprension del propio Mandelbrot acerca de los fractales y multifractales. Las ciencias sociales tratan radicalmente, de fenomenos irrepetibles, singulares. Estos han sido llamados como eventos raros. De esta suerte, una nueva epistemologia emerge y es posible. Al final se muestra que existen nexos fuertes entre las ciencias sociales con la biologia y la ecologia. Pero en ese punto, el texto termina abierto EnglishThis paper claims that change is the rule in the social world, in all scales of time, without cycles or periodic dynamics. Hereafter, the topic that immediately arises is the irregularity of the world. If this is true, then irregular social sciences are to be possible. The best antecedent of such an idea is to be found in Mandelbrot’s own understanding of fractals and multifractals. Thus, the social sciences radically deal with phenomena that are in no way repeated, for they are singular. Such events have been called as rare events. In thus tenure, a brand-new epistemology arises and is possible. At the end, some connections between the social sciences and biology and ecology are depicted. That, however, is where this text ends and remains open.

Sociológicamente hablando, el final del siglo xx conoce el tránsito del capitalismo posindustrial a la sociedad de la información (Castells, 1996). En este cambio, en plena guerra fría, nace la cienciometría -ciencia de segundo orden o, también, medición cuantitativa de la ciencia, prima facie-, con el Manual de Frascati (2012) de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos -ocde- 1963, con posteriores revisiones y actualizaciones). Al Manual de Frascati le siguieron el Manual de Oslo (1993) y el Manual de Canberra (1997). Para Iberoamérica y América Latina, se crearon posteriormente el Manual de Lisboa, el Manual de Santiago y el Manual de Bogotá. El capitalismo informacional y la sociedad del conocimiento responden ambas al hecho de que la información en general y el conocimiento han crecido de manera hiperbólica, literalmente. Jamás había habido tantos académicos, científicos, ingenieros e investigadores como en nuestros días. Al crecimiento y expansión de la información y el conocimiento, la cienciometría responde con mediciones de tipo cuantitativo, sencillamente porque por primera vez es posible, es deseable y es necesario medir la ciencia y cómo se hace, al igual que todo su arsenal y expresiones. Pues bien, en la transición hacia el capitalismo informacional, emergen diversos escalafones, centrados específicamente en la cantidad y la calidad de universidades, luego también de programas, escuelas y facultades, y más recientemente de los propios profesores e investigadores. Sociologically speaking, the end of the twentieth century saw the transition from post-industrial capitalism to the information society (Castells, 1996). In this change, in the middle of the cold war, scientometrics - second order science or, also, quantitative measurement of science, prima facie - was born, with the Frascati Manual (2012) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD-1963, with subsequent revisions and updates). The Frascati Manual was followed by the Oslo Manual (1993) and the Canberra Manual (1997). For Ibero-America and Latin America, the Lisbon Manual, the Santiago Manual and the Bogotá Manual were subsequently created. Informational capitalism and the knowledge society both respond to the fact that information in general and knowledge have grown hyperbolically, literally. Never have there been so many academics, scientists, engineers, and researchers as there are today. To the growth and expansion of information and knowledge, Scientometrics responds with quantitative measurements, simply because for the first time it is possible, it is desirable and it is necessary to measure science and how it is done, as well as all its arsenal and expressions. Well, in the transition towards informational capitalism, different ranks emerge, focused specifically on the quantity and quality of universities, then also of programs, schools and colleges, and more recently of professors and researchers themselves.