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Objective The von Willebrand disease (vWD) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders in India; however, the diagnostic tests and its interpretation require specialized laboratory and personnel which are not readily available in the eastern part of North India. The purpose of this study is to estimate the relative prevalence of vWD and study the clinical and laboratory features including advanced diagnostic tests. Methods All patients referred to the pathology department for evaluation of bleeding were evaluated for vWD during a period of 4 years. Clinical and laboratory features were analyzed and reported. Results A total of 1,126 cases of bleeding manifestations were evaluated, and 237 cases of inherited bleeding disorders were diagnosed; vWD was diagnosed in 38 (16%) of these 237 cases. Advanced diagnostic tests were done in all of these cases. Conclusion The vWD is among the most common inherited bleeding disorders in the country, second only to hemophilia A. Type-1 vWD was the most frequent with 25 cases (65.7%), followed by type-2N with 7 cases (18.4%).

COVID-19 is a respiration-related disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and was identified in China’s Wuhan city. More than 223 countries are affected by the disease worldwide. The new variants of the COVID-19 virus are causing problems, from average to life-threatening pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Presently, there are 170 vaccine candidates, out of which 10 have been approved by the WHO for vaccination, such as Ad26.COV2.S, Pfizer/BioNTech, COVISHIELD, Covovax, Moderna, KoviVac, and some other vaccines to combat the deadly SARS-CoV-2 infection. From all these vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna are showing the highest efficacy against COVID-19. These vaccines are highly efficient against COVID-19 disease, but their potentiality against new variants remains a question. COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at preventing severe illnesses, hospitalizations, and death. The antibodies elicited by earlier infection or vaccination are the key for possible protection against SARS-CoV-2. The problem has been exacerbated by new information from Africa on the origins of the novel contagious SARS-CoV-2 strain. These new strains occur due to unique mutations in the spike protein, which modify SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection capabilities, limiting the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccination. Hence, there is a need to find a potential vaccine against it.

Serum complement proteins and autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Abnormalities in various immunoglobulin levels are described in patients of SLE.To study the spectrum of clinical manifestations and measure the serum levels of complement C3, complement C4, autoantibodies and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in patients of SLE and compare with healthy controls.The present study is a prospective hospital-based observational study conducted between May 2014 and December 2018.Unpaired t-test was used to compare the mean values between the SLE patients and healthy controls.A total of 100 cases of SLE and 100 healthy controls were included in the study. The clinical data were retrieved. Serum antinuclear antibody, anti-ds DNA antibody, and anti-Smith antibody levels, and complements C3, C4 and IgG were measured.Arthritis (89%) and anaemia (65%) were two common clinical presentations. The low complement C3 levels and C4 were detected in 64 and 62% of the SLE patients. Serum IgG was increased in 41% of the patients. A reduced level of IgG was detected in 6% of the patients.Primary care physicians should be aware of the clinical and serological manifestations of SLE as early detection will reduce end-organ damage. Autoantibody testing and complement testing should be done in all suspected cases. This study showed a significantly reduced C3 and C4 and elevated IgG in many cases of SLE as compared to control. Hypogammaglobulinemia was also present in a minority of the cases.

Earthquake is one of the major problems and there is no perfect & accurate solution for this. Even we can not prevent natural earthquake from occurring and must face terrible effect and major loss due to its result. In this paper, we are going to present a concept and an expected architecture which would detect or tend to detect earthquake prior to its occurrence. It will use bio-science and information technology to develop the whole system. This paper gives the blueprint of how the system will look like after merging the two major entities of physical world? Bio-science provides us the senses/sensors while the information technology provides the measures of complex computing/processing related to large amount of data or calculations automatically with high accuracy and speed. In this case, animals behave as precursors. But despite lots of research, today researchers are not capable of analyzing abnormal behavior of animals under various circumstances because it is very complex and highly computational task. Therefore, we are proposing an idea of making use of “Automatic Behavior Recognition System,” which uses computer vision technology. In this system, the signals are captured via static cameras and the recordings would be processed by the behavior analysis algorithm which is further linked with a central database server having detailed information about the various behavioral activities under diverse circumstances of several animals, finally provides a high-level textual report and decision regarding the animal’s abnormal behavior for advance researches and the betterment of the system.

In this paper, we present an artificially intelligent chatbot which would help farmers by providing solutions to various farming related problems and facilitate their decision-making process. The bot not only provides answers to frequently asked questions but also lays emphasis on crop disease detection and weather forecasting. We developed an end to end trainable sequence-to-sequence learning model with the objective of achieving conversational task-oriented system based on minimal assumption on its sequence structure. Our approach exploits a multilayered Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) unit which maps the input sequence to a corresponding output sequence by converting it into a vector of fixed dimensionality in between. To achieve the disease detection, a Convolutional Neural Network architecture is implemented in which a multilayered architecture is developed and trained from scratch which would classify the plant images into different classes. For conversational system module we have used the Kisan Call Center (KCC) dataset which contains logs of calls at KCC by farmers whereas for disease detection module plant village dataset is used. After training 98% accuracy was achieved for conversational system module on training data and 94% for disease detection module on test data.

Given a set of n demand points, the objective of the p-centre problem is to identify a subset of the demand points having p ≪ n nodes (called centres) such that the maximum distance of any demand point to its nearest centre is minimized. The problem is NP-hard and finds application in facility location. This paper presents two novel heuristics for the p-centre problem that requires O(n3) time. One of these is a deterministic heuristic that uses a minimum spanning tree-based clustering approach, and the other is a randomized heuristic that uses greedy clustering. Bounds on the computational time requirements of both heuristics are proved. The relative performance of the two heuristics is evaluated in the course of several computational experiments on a wide range of benchmark problems used in the literature for the p-centre problem.

Zika virus disease is a great concern in different parts of the world, and it has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The global pandemic of ZIKV in 2015 prompted concern among scientific community. Zika is a flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae transmitted by mosquitoes. Natural vertical transmission is an ecological strategy that arboviruses adopt to ensure their survival inside the mosquito vector during harsh conditions or interepidemic periods when horizontal transmission is difficult. ZIKV is vertically transmitted from infected females to its offspring. This review has concluded various studies regarding the vertical transmission ability of different mosquito species for ZIKV. Previously Aedes aegypti was considered to be a major vector, however Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquifasciatus are discovered to have the similar vertical transmission potential. Different studies shown that natural vertical transmission has been detected in mosquito species which are not implicated as possible vectors. It leads to the possibility that many other mosquito species may be potential ZIKV vectors.

Hemoglobin E beta-thalassemia is one of the leading forms of severe thalassemia world wide. This disorder is more commonly found in South East Asia including north eastern states of India. Patients suffering from this disorder show marked clinical heterogeneity.Referred cases of hemoglobin disorders from north India were evaluated prospectively. Details of clinical history and haematological findings including HPLC as well as mutation analysis were obtained.Twenty cases of E beta-thalassemia with widely variable clinical profile were included. The hematological parameters were also extremely variable with a wide range of hemoglobin (1.8-9.9 g/dl). Applying a severity scoring system all patients were classified the patients into mild (n=6), moderate (n=7) and severe (n=7) subclasses. We also correlated red cell Indies with HB E and HB F as well as age of onset of symptoms with HB E and HB F. IVS1-5(G-C) was found to be the most common thalassemia mutation associated with Hemoglobin E beta-thalassemia.Extremely variable clinical and haematological findings were observed in Hemoglobin E beta-thalassemia patients. These findings are comparable to other Indian studies. Appropriate knowledge of the clinical variability and unpredictable natural history can help better management of this group of patients.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a biphasic low-grade malignant tumor that shows ductal structures lined by the ductal cells with surrounding myoepithelial cells. EMC is most commonly reported in the parotid gland followed by other major and minor salivary glands. EMC of the tongue is an extremely uncommon tumor, with only five previously published case reports. We herein report the sixth case of EMC of the tongue. A 40-year-old female who had throat pain, dysphagia, and right earache for 3 years showed a 4 cm × 4 cm nodular tumor at the base of her tongue. Histopathological and immunohistochemical features were diagnostic of EMC with cervical lymph node metastasis. The metastatic behavior of EMC of the tongue in the absence of myoepithelial anaplasia or high-grade histological features is unusual and reported in this case report for the first time.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasm showing morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of histiocytic differentiation. We describe a rare case of synchronous HS in a patient of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A 16-year-old boy diagnosed as ALL also presented with a swelling over the right Achilles tendon. The cytological features of the swelling suggested a histiocytic lesion. Histological and immunohistochemical examination clinched the diagnosis of HS. The available 5-year follow-up showed no recurrence. It was a diagnostic dilemma on fine-needle aspiration. We discuss the cytological features of HS which can help in reaching a diagnosis and emphasize that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis for unexplained swellings in patients of hematological malignancies. Wide local excision of localized HS is associated with a long-term favorable outcome.

In the last years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained increasing popularity from the research community and actual users because of their wide range of applications in fields such as medical, entertainment, tracking etc. As sensor nodes are generally batterypowered devices, the critical aspects are to face concern how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, so that the network lifetime can be extended to reasonable times. Topology control is one of the vital points which should be kept in mind while creating wireless sensor network for the purpose of creating energy efficient network without affecting the connectivity or other properties. This paper goes through various strategies carried out to obtain a better scheme for topology control in terms of energy so that the lifetime of node as well as the network lifetime is increased. Using these strategies we have given some of the practical implementations and results which provide the efficient WSN topology.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare malignant neoplasm bearing characteristic dimorphic pattern histologically. We describe two rare cases of primary MC involving two different visceral organs (1) a 24-year-old man with solid renal mass and, (2) a 42-year-old man with cystic splenic mass. The histological and immunophenotypical features of both lesions were classical of MC. Although this lesion is uncommon in visceral organs, the possibility of this rare entity must be kept in differential diagnosis with compatible morphology.