59 results on '"MacKenzie T"'
Search Results
2. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to the host
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Kirsten A. Berry, Mackenzie T. A. Verhoef, Allison C. Leonard, and Georgina Cox
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Staphylococcus aureus ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Virulence ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Virulence Factors ,General Neuroscience ,Humans ,Staphylococcal Infections ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathobiont capable of colonizing and infecting most tissues within the human body, resulting in a multitude of different clinical outcomes. Adhesion of S. aureus to the host is crucial for both host colonization and the establishment of infections. Underlying the pathogen's success is a complex and diverse arsenal of adhesins. In this review, we discuss the different classes of adhesins, including a consideration of the various adhesion sites throughout the body and the clinical outcomes of each infection type. The development of therapeutics targeting the S. aureus host-pathogen interaction is a relatively understudied area. Due to the increasing global threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial that innovative and alternative approaches are considered. Neutralizing virulence factors, through the development of antivirulence agents, could reduce bacterial pathogenicity and the ever-increasing burden of S. aureus infections. This review provides insight into potentially efficacious adhesion-associated targets for the development of novel decolonizing and antivirulence strategies.
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- 2022
3. Asymmetric oligomerization state and sequence patterning can tune multiphase condensate miscibility
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Ushnish Rana, Ke Xu, Amal Narayanan, Mackenzie T. Walls, Athanassios Z. Panagiotopoulos, José L. Avalos, and Clifford P. Brangwynne
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Endogenous biomolecular condensates, comprised of a multitude of proteins and RNAs, can organize into multiphasic structures, with compositionally-distinct phases. This multiphasic organization is generally understood to be critical for facilitating their proper biological function. However, the biophysical principles driving multiphase formation are not completely understood. Here, we utilizein vivocondensate reconstitution experiments and coarse-grained molecular simulations to investigate how oligomerization and sequence interactions modulate multiphase organization in biomolecular condensates. We demonstrate that increasing the oligomerization state of an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDR) results in enhanced immiscibility and multiphase formation. Interestingly, we found that oligomerization tunes the miscibility of IDRs in an asymmetric manner, with the effect being more pronounced when the IDR exhibiting stronger homotypic IDR interactions is oligomerized. Our findings suggest that oligomerization is a flexible biophysical mechanism which cells can exploit to tune the internal organization of biomolecular condensates and their associated biological functions.
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- 2023
4. The impact of life stage and pigment source on the evolution of novel warning signal traits
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Robin K. Bagley, Sara Calhim, Catherine R. Linnen, Carita Lindstedt, Mackenzie T. Jones, and Department of Forest Sciences
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varoitusväri ,mäntypistiäiset ,ecological genetics ,Population ,FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT SELECTION ,evoluutio ,Aposematism ,Predation ,ravinto ,Negative selection ,chemical defense ,Genetic drift ,polytypic coloration ,Genetics ,Animals ,aposematism ,COLOR ,POPULATION-GENETICS ,muuntelu (biologia) ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Pigmentation ,fungi ,Assortative mating ,carotenoids ,food and beverages ,host adaptation ,biology.organism_classification ,Biological Evolution ,Hymenoptera ,karotenoidit ,READ ALIGNMENT ,Neodiprion lecontei ,Sawfly ,CHEMICAL DEFENSE ,Phenotype ,Evolutionary biology ,TRADE-OFF ,Larva ,Predatory Behavior ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,SHIFTING BALANCE ,WOOD TIGER MOTH ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,GENETIC CORRELATIONS ,MULLERIAN MIMICRY - Abstract
Our understanding of how novel warning color traits evolve in natural populations is largely based on studies of reproductive stages and organisms with endogenously produced pigmentation. In these systems, genetic drift is often required for novel alleles to overcome strong purifying selection stemming from frequency-dependent predation and positive assortative mating. Here, we integrate data from field surveys, predation experiments, population genomics, and phenotypic correlations to explain the origin and maintenance of geographic variation in a diet-based larval pigmentation trait in the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei), a pine-feeding hymenopteran. Although our experiments confirm that N. lecontei larvae are indeed aposematic-and therefore likely to experience frequency-dependent predation-our genomic data do not support a historical demographic scenario that would have facilitated the spread of an initially deleterious allele via drift. Additionally, significantly elevated differentiation at a known color locus suggests that geographic variation in larval color is currently maintained by selection. Together, these data suggest that the novel white morph likely spread via selection. However, white body color does not enhance aposematic displays, nor is it correlated with enhanced chemical defense or immune function. Instead, the derived white-bodied morph is disproportionately abundant on a pine species with a reduced carotenoid content relative to other pine hosts, suggesting that bottom-up selection via host plants may have driven divergence among populations. Overall, our results suggest that life stage and pigment source can have a substantial impact on the evolution of novel warning signals, highlighting the need to investigate diverse aposematic taxa to develop a comprehensive understanding of color variation in nature.
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- 2022
5. E12 In vivo investigation of perivascular spaces in Huntington’s disease using T2-W 3T MRI
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Annabelle Coleman, Mackenzie T Langan, Gaurav Verma, Harry Knights, Rachelle Dar Santos, Allison Coleman, Aaron Sturrock, Blair R Leavitt, Sarah J Tabrizi, Rachael I Scahill, and Nicola Z Hobbs
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- 2022
6. Development of a telepsychology program for parents of pediatric patients
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Kristin H. Kroll, Anne Malkoff, Cheryl L. Brosig, Brittany Bice-Urbach, and Mackenzie T. Goertz
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Protocol (science) ,business.industry ,Best practice ,Psychological intervention ,Context (language use) ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Clinical Psychology ,Nursing ,Intervention (counseling) ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Health care ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Curriculum development ,business ,Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Objective: Telepsychology represents a promising approach to treatment for individuals and families encountering barriers to traditional face-to-face health care, especially in the challenging context of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Implementing the necessary infrastructure to sustain telepsychology programs within health care institutions requires detailed attention to a variety of domains. Despite the growing use of telepsychology, logistical considerations for the development of such programs are often unclear. Method: In order to clarify considerations regarding the use of telepsychology within partnering health care institutions, we describe the process of developing a telepsychology group intervention with parents of pediatric patients. Results: The development of a telepsychology program for parents at a large children's health care institution is discussed across four developmental phases: (a) curriculum development, (b) clinical framework, (c) program logistics, and (d) protocol and training infrastructure. Conclusion: Due to the growing need for telepsychological interventions for parents, both practitioners and health care institutions are tasked with collaborating to develop well-designed programs that are aligned with clinical best practices.
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- 2021
7. Zebrafish Erc1b mediates motor innervation and organization of craniofacial muscles in control of jaw movement
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Lauryn N. Luderman, Mackenzie T. Michaels, Daniel S. Levic, and Ela W. Knapik
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Motor Neurons ,Jaw ,Muscles ,Neuromuscular Junction ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Movement of the lower jaw, a common behavior observed among vertebrates, is required for eating and processing food. This movement is controlled by signals sent from the trigeminal motor nerve through neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) to the masticatory muscles. Dysfunctional jaw movements contribute to craniomandibular disorders, yet the pathophysiology of these disorders is not well understood, as limited studies have been conducted on the molecular mechanisms of jaw movement.Using erc1b/kimWe identified Erc1b/ERC1 as a novel component of a genetic pathway contributing to muscle organization, trigeminal nerve outgrowth, and NMJ spatial distribution during development that is required for jaw movement.
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- 2022
8. Low glutamate diet improves working memory and contributes to altering BOLD response and functional connectivity within working memory networks in Gulf War Illness
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Mackenzie T. Langan, Anna E. Kirkland, Laura C. Rice, Veronica C. Mucciarone, James Baraniuk, Ashley VanMeter, and Kathleen F. Holton
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Brain Mapping ,Multidisciplinary ,Memory, Short-Term ,Neural Pathways ,Humans ,Glutamic Acid ,Brain ,Persian Gulf Syndrome ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Diet - Abstract
Gulf War Illness is a chronic multi-symptom disorder with severe cognitive impairments which may be related to glutamate excitotoxicity and central nervous system dysfunction. The low glutamate diet has been proposed as a comprehensive intervention for Gulf War Illness. We examined the effects of the low glutamate diet on verbal working memory using a fMRI N-back task. Accuracy, whole-brain blood oxygen level dependency (BOLD) response, and task-based functional connectivity were assessed at baseline and after 1 month on the diet (N = 24). Multi-voxel pattern analysis identified regions of whole-brain BOLD pattern differences after the diet to be used as seeds for subsequent seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses. Verbal working memory accuracy improved after the diet (+ 13%; p = 0.006). Whole-brain BOLD signal changes were observed, revealing lower activation within regions of the frontoparietal network and default mode network after the low glutamate diet. Multi-voxel pattern analysis resulted in 3 clusters comprising parts of the frontoparietal network (clusters 1 and 2) and ventral attention network (cluster 3). The seed-to-voxel analyses identified significant functional connectivity changes post-diet for clusters 1 and 2 (peak p p
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- 2022
9. Screening for traumatic stress in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease
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Terri Konkel, Kristin H. Kroll, Mackenzie T. Goertz, Julie Lavoie, Sravya Patil Bagli, Katie Kogutkiewicz, Robin Kostroski, Leslie Scott, Patricia Stoll, Jenny Andres, David Saudek, Stephanie S. Handler, and Cheryl L. Brosig
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
10. Oligomerization and sequence patterning can tune multiphasic condensate miscibility
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Ushnish Rana, Ke Xu, Amal Narayanan, Mackenzie T. Walls, Jose L. Avalos, Athanassios Z. Panagiotopoulos, and Clifford P. Brangwynne
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Biophysics - Published
- 2023
11. Prior trauma‐related experiences predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder after a new traumatic event
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Barbara O. Rothbaum, Kerry J. Ressler, Philip D. Harvey, Gabrielle E. Hodgins, Felicia Gould, Mackenzie T. Jones, Jessica L. Maples-Keller, Alex O. Rothbaum, Vasiliki Michopoulos, and Charles B. Nemeroff
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Child abuse ,business.industry ,Psychological intervention ,Poison control ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,030227 psychiatry ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury prevention ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child Abuse ,Child ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Background Many reports have documented the relationship between previous traumatic experiences, including childhood trauma, and the development of later life psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Identification of individuals at greatest risk for the development of PTSD could lead to preventative interventions. The present study examined the developmental course of PTSD after trauma exposure, using histories of previous traumatic experiences and the severity of the reaction to the trauma as predictors. Methods Participants (N = 713) were recruited from Emergency Departments in Miami and Atlanta immediately following a traumatic experience. Histories of previous traumatic experiences and the immediate reaction to the new trauma were examined at baseline. Follow-up assessments of PTSD severity were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results Histories of child abuse and pre-existing trauma symptoms predicted the immediate response to stress (R2 = .21, p 0.86). Conclusions The current findings suggest that previous traumatic experiences lead to a greater immediate reaction to trauma and combine to predict the development of PTSD, the maintenance of which is not moderated by these earlier experiences. The identification of people likely to develop PTSD may be aided by the assessment of prior experiences and immediate reactions.
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- 2020
12. Probing and engineering liquid-phase organelles
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Mackenzie T. Walls, Dan Bracha, and Clifford P. Brangwynne
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0303 health sciences ,Cell engineering ,Extramural ,Computer science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Liquid phase ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Form and function ,Organelle ,Molecular Medicine ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Intracellular ,030304 developmental biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Cells compartmentalize their intracellular environment to orchestrate countless simultaneous biochemical processes. Many intracellular tasks rely on membrane-less organelles, multicomponent condensates that assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation. A decade of intensive research has provided a basic understanding of the biomolecular driving forces underlying the form and function of such organelles. Here we review the technologies enabling these developments, along with approaches to designing spatiotemporally actuated organelles based on multivalent low-affinity interactions. With these recent advances, it is now becoming possible both to modulate the properties of native condensates and to engineer entirely new structures, with the potential for widespread biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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- 2019
13. Outcomes of a Comprehensive Mobile Smoking Cessation Program With Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Adult Smokers: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
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Jennifer D Marler, Craig A Fujii, MacKenzie T Utley, Daniel J Balbierz, Joseph A Galanko, and David S Utley
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Adult ,Male ,Carbon Monoxide ,Smokers ,Humans ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Pilot Projects ,Health Informatics ,Middle Aged ,Tobacco Use Cessation Devices - Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable illness and death, underscoring ongoing need for evidence-based solutions. Pivot, a US Clinical Practice Guideline–based mobile smoking cessation program, comprises a personal carbon monoxide breath sensor; a smartphone app; in-app, text-based human-provided coaching; nicotine replacement therapy; and a moderated web-based community. Promising Pivot cohort studies have established the foundation for comparative assessment. Objective This study aimed to compare engagement, retention, attitudes toward quitting smoking, smoking behavior, and participant feedback between Pivot and QuitGuide, a US Clinical Practice Guideline–based smoking cessation smartphone app from the National Cancer Institute. Methods In this remote pilot randomized controlled trial, cigarette smokers in the United States were recruited on the web and randomized to Pivot or QuitGuide. Participants were offered 12 weeks of free nicotine replacement therapy. Data were self-reported via weekly web-based questionnaires for 12 weeks and at 26 weeks. Outcomes included engagement and retention, attitudes toward quitting smoking, smoking behavior, and participant feedback. The primary outcome was self-reported app openings at 12 weeks. Cessation outcomes included self-reported 7- and 30-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA), abstinence from all tobacco products, and continuous abstinence at 12 and 26 weeks. PPA and continuous abstinence were biovalidated via breath carbon monoxide samples. Results Participants comprised 188 smokers (94 Pivot and 94 QuitGuide): mean age 46.4 (SD 9.2) years, 104 (55.3%) women, 128 (68.1%) White individuals, and mean cigarettes per day 17.6 (SD 9.0). Engagement via mean “total app openings through 12 weeks” (primary outcome) was Pivot, 157.9 (SD 210.6) versus QuitGuide, 86.5 (SD 66.3; P Conclusions In this randomized controlled trial comparing the app-based smoking cessation programs Pivot and QuitGuide, Pivot participants had higher engagement and biovalidated cessation rates and more favorable user feedback at 12 and 26 weeks. These findings support Pivot as an effective, durable mobile smoking cessation program. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04955639; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04955639
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- 2022
14. Genetic mapping and phenotypic analysis of
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Elyse M, Talley, Charlie T, Watts, Sonia, Aboyer, Madeline G, Adamson, Harriet Ab, Akoto, Haley, Altemus, Philip J, Avella, Rebecca, Bailey, Elizabeth R, Bell, Katheryn L, Bell, Kelsey, Breneman, Jessica S, Burkhart, Logan J, Chanley, Savannah S, Cook, Mackenzie T, DesLaurier, Timothy R, Dorsey, Cassandra J, Doyle, Merris E, Egloff, Ayoola S, Fasawe, Katy K, Garcia, Nathaniel P, Graves, Tyler K, Gray, Evan M, Gustafson, Makayla J, Hall, Jaden D, Hayes, Lindsay J, Holic, Brice A, Jarvis, Piotr S, Klos, Sidney, Kritzmire, Lera, Kuzovko, Edwyna, Lainez, Shamerra, McCoy, James C, Mierendorf, Nicole A, Neri, Caley R, Neville, Kelley, Osborn, Kaitlyn, Parker, Megan E, Parks, Kylee, Peck, Robyn, Pitt, Matthew E, Platta, Brianna, Powell, Katalina, Rodriguez, Clara, Ruiz, Mariah N, Schaefer, Amanda B, Shields, Jasmine B, Smiley, Briona, Stauffer, Devan, Straub, John L, Sweeney, Kaitlyn M, Termine, Brett, Thomas, Sophia D, Toth, Taylor R, Veile, Kayla S, Walker, Paige N, Webster, Brian J, Woodard, Quentin L, Yoder, McKenzie K, Young, McKenzie L, Zeedyk, Logan N, Ziegler, Kayla L, Bieser, David P, Puthoff, Joyce, Stamm, Alysia D, Vrailas-Mortimer, Jacob D, Kagey, and Julie A, Merkle
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New Finding ,Genotype Data ,Phenotype Data - Abstract
Genetic screens are used to identify genes involved in specific biological processes. An EMS mutagenesis screen in Drosophila melanogaster identified growth control phenotypes in the developing eye. One mutant line from this screen, H.3.2, was phenotypically characterized using the FLP/FRT system and genetically mapped by complementation analysis and genomic sequencing by undergraduate students participating in the multi-institution Fly-CURE consortium. H.3.2 was found to have a nonsense mutation in short stop (shot), anortholog of the mammalian spectraplakin dystonin (DST). shot and DST are involved in cytoskeletal organization and play roles during cell growth and proliferation.
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- 2021
15. A missed opportunity: underutilization of inpatient behavioral health services to reduce injection drug use sequelae in Florida
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Joan E. St. Onge, Kasha Bornstein, Mackenzie T. Jones, Austin E. Coye, and Hansel E. Tookes
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Short Report ,Addiction ,MOUD ,01 natural sciences ,Health administration ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ,Inpatient addiction services ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Substance Abuse, Intravenous ,education ,HV1-9960 ,media_common ,Inpatients ,education.field_of_study ,Social work ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,010102 general mathematics ,medicine.disease ,Opioids ,Hospitalization ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Health psychology ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Emergency medicine ,Florida ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,People who inject drugs - Abstract
Background People who inject drugs (PWID) suffer high morbidity and mortality from injection related infections (IRI). The inpatient setting is an ideal opportunity to treat underlying substance use disorder (SUD), but it is unclear how often this occurs. Objectives To quantify the utilization of behavioral health services for PWID during inpatient admissions for IRI. Methods Data for all hospital admissions in Florida in FY2017 were obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Administration. Hospitalization for IRI were obtained using a validated ICD-10 algorithm and treatment for substance use disorder was quantified using ICD-10-Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) codes. Result Among the 20,001 IRI admissions, there were 230 patients who received behavioral health services as defined by ICD-10-PCS SAT codes for treatment for SUD. Conclusions In a state with a large number of IRI, only a very small portion of admissions received behavioral health services. Increased efforts should be directed to studying referral patterns among physicians and other providers caring for this population and increasing utilization of behavioral health services.
- Published
- 2021
16. Return to Sports and Physical Activities After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in Young Patients
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Matthew M. Roberts, Andrew Elliot, Scott J. Ellis, Rachael J. Da Cunha, Jonathan T. Deland, Aleksander Savenkov, David B. Levine, John G. Kennedy, Aoife MacMahon, Mackenzie T. Jones, and Mark C. Drakos
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Adult ,Male ,Metatarsophalangeal Joint ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arthrodesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Joint arthrodesis ,Return to sport ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hallux rigidus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Hallux Rigidus ,medicine ,Deformity ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Exercise ,Retrospective Studies ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Return to Sport ,Patient Satisfaction ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background: Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint has been shown to be effective in alleviating pain and correcting deformity in hallux rigidus. However, outcomes in specific sports and physical activities remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess sports and physical activities in young patients following first MTP joint arthrodesis and to compare these results with clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients between ages 18 and 55 years who underwent MTP arthrodesis were identified by review of a prospective registry. Fifty of 73 eligible patients (68%) were reached for follow-up at a mean of 5.1 (range, 2.2-10.2) years with a mean age at surgery of 49.7 (range, 23-55) years. Physical activity was evaluated with a previously developed sports-specific, patient-administered questionnaire. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Results: Patients participated in 22 different sports and physical activities. The most common were walking, biking, weightlifting, swimming, running, and golf. Compared to preoperatively, patients rated 27.4% of activities as less difficult, 51.2% as the same, and 21.4% as more difficult. Patients returned to 44.6% of preoperative physical activities in less than 6 months and reached their maximal level of participation in 88.6% of physical activities. Ninety-six percent of patients (48/50) were satisfied with the procedure regarding return to sports and physical activities. Improvements in the FAOS Symptoms subscore were associated with increased postoperative running and walking duration, and improvements in FAOS Pain subscores were associated with greater patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients were able to participate in a wide variety of sports and physical activities postoperatively. Some patients reported increased difficulty, but were nonetheless satisfied with the procedure regarding physical activity participation. These findings suggest that first MTP joint arthrodesis is a reasonable option in young, active patients, and may be used to guide postoperative expectations. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
- Published
- 2019
17. Low‐intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes the survival and maturation of newborn oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse brain
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Jennifer Rodger, Matteo Senesi, Mackenzie T. Clutterbuck, Alexander D. Tang, Carlie L. Cullen, Kaylene M. Young, Megan O'Rourke, and Loic Auderset
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cell Survival ,Neurogenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Central nervous system ,Mice, Transgenic ,Stimulation ,Biology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,adaptive myelination ,Random Allocation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Myelin ,0302 clinical medicine ,oligodendrogenesis ,Neurotrophic factors ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Animals ,Premovement neuronal activity ,internode ,Research Articles ,oligodendrocyte survival ,Cell Size ,Multiple sclerosis ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ,Oligodendrocyte ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,myelin ,Oligodendroglia ,cortex ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Female ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
Neuronal activity is a potent extrinsic regulator of oligodendrocyte generation and central nervous system myelination. Clinically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is delivered to noninvasively modulate neuronal activity; however, the ability of rTMS to facilitate adaptive myelination has not been explored. By performing cre‐lox lineage tracing, to follow the fate of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain, we determined that low intensity rTMS (LI‐rTMS), administered as an intermittent theta burst stimulation, but not as a continuous theta burst or 10 Hz stimulation, increased the number of newborn oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse cortex. LI‐rTMS did not alter oligodendrogenesis per se, but instead increased cell survival and enhanced myelination. These data suggest that LI‐rTMS can be used to noninvasively promote myelin addition to the brain, which has potential implications for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis., Main Points The impact that low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LI‐rTMS) has on cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage is stimulation frequency and cell‐stage specific.LI‐rTMS does not affect oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation or density.LI‐rTMS, delivered in an intermittent theta burst pattern, promotes the survival of premyelinating oligodendrocytes and enhances myelin internode extension by newly myelinating oligodendrocytes.
- Published
- 2019
18. Interrater Reliability of the Pediatric Neuromuscular Recovery Scale for Spinal Cord Injury
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Andrea L. Behrman, Laura C Argetsinger, Lisa Clayton, Mary Gregg, Doug Lorenz, Elizabeth Ardolino, Shelley A Trimble, Mary Jane Mulcahey, and MacKenzie T Roberts
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Adult ,Male ,030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Concordance ,Video Recording ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Walking ,Quadriplegia ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Injury Severity Score ,0302 clinical medicine ,Occupational Therapists ,Physicians ,Content validity ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Reliability (statistics) ,Observer Variation ,Paraplegia ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation ,Neuromuscular Diseases ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Physical Therapists ,Inter-rater reliability ,Child, Preschool ,Scale (social sciences) ,Standing Position ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychomotor Disorders ,0305 other medical science ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: In synergy with the mounting scientific evidence for the capacity of recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) and training, new evidence-based therapies advancing neuromuscular recovery are emerging. There is a parallel need for outcome instruments that specifically address recovery. The Pediatric Neuromuscular Recovery Scale (Pediatric NRS) is one example with established content validity to assess neuromuscular capacity within task performance. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine interrater reliability of the Pediatric NRS to classify motor capacity in children after SCI. Methods: Pediatric physicians (3), occupational therapists (5), and physical therapists (6) received standardized training in scoring the scale, then rated video assessments of 32 children post SCI, 2–12 years of age, 78% non-ambulatory. Interrater reliability was analyzed using Kendall coefficient of concordance for individual Pediatric NRS items and overall score. Results: The interrater reliability coefficient was determined to be near 1 for the overall Pediatric NRS score (ICC = 0.966; 95% CI, 0.89–0.98). Twelve of 16 individual items exhibited high concordance coefficients (Kendall's W ≥ 0.8) and four items demonstrated concordance coefficients, < 0.8 and > 0.69. Interrater reliability was equivalent among groups defined by age and neurological level, but lower among non-ambulatory individuals. Conclusion: Strong interrater reliability was demonstrated by pediatric clinicians who scored children with SCI using the Pediatric NRS.
- Published
- 2019
19. Activity-Based Therapy Targeting Neuromuscular Capacity After Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injury
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Laura C Argetsinger, Andrea L. Behrman, Jennifer E Thompson, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, Danielle L Stout, Shelley A Trimble, and MacKenzie T Roberts
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Male ,030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Pediatric onset ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Walking ,Article ,Disability Evaluation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Age of Onset ,Child ,Prospective cohort study ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,First episode ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Infant ,Neuromuscular Diseases ,Recovery of Function ,medicine.disease ,Trunk ,Exercise Therapy ,Locomotor training ,Treatment Outcome ,Child, Preschool ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,0305 other medical science ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: Activity-based therapies aim to improve neuromuscular capacity after spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: The purpose of this prospective study was to report the impact of Activity-based Locomotor Training (AB-LT) on neuromuscular capacity in pediatric patients with SCI. Methods: Participants were enrolled for their first episode of AB-LT for a minimum of 60 daily, 1.5-hour sessions. The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) and the Pediatric Neuromuscular Recovery Scale (Pediatric NRS) were assessed initially, every 20 sessions, and post 60 sessions. Results: Twenty-six consecutive patients, mean age 5 years (SD = 3), completed a mean 55 sessions (SD = 4) within 63 weekdays (SD = 9). The Pediatric NRS total score improved significantly, adjusted mean 11.4, from initial to post-60 sessions (p < .05) with an average adjusted evaluation-to-evaluation 3.7 change. SATCo scores improved significantly across 60 sessions, mean change 5.2, an estimated 1.7 change between evaluations (p < .05). Age at enrollment and chronicity had no effect; however, initial neuromuscular capacity scores were negatively correlated with change scores (p < .05). Conclusion: Sixty AB-LT sessions significantly improved trunk and neuromuscular capacity in children with SCI, regardless of age or chronicity at enrollment. Patients with lower initial scores made greater improvements than patients with higher initial neuromuscular capacity. Anecdotal parent reports of their child's functional change in the home and community highlight the synergy between quantitative change in neuromuscular capacity and meaningful, improved quality of life and the need for formal investigation of this relationship.
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- 2019
20. Neural Network Based Adaptive Flight Control of UAVs
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Sun Yi and Mackenzie T. Matthews
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0209 industrial biotechnology ,Artificial neural network ,Computer science ,Mode (statistics) ,Stability (learning theory) ,02 engineering and technology ,Drone ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Control theory ,Robustness (computer science) ,Control system ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Parametric statistics - Abstract
The development of new control strategies for quadrotor types of unmanned aerial systems is important in meeting the existing research needs to handle undesired uncertainties for more satisfactory control systems. A Neural Network-Proportional plus Velocity (NN-PV) controller is proposed for improved stability and robustness in the presence of external disturbances and model parametric uncertainty. The experimental validation is conducted using Quanser's Autonomous Vehicles Research Studio (AVRS) for multiple-vehicle testing. The developed controller is validated through indoor flight tests. The experimental approach provides understanding and the manipulation of the controller (Angle Mode) of the QDrone. The performance of the control system demonstrates improvement of the speed and stability for the formation flight of two drones. The work presented produces a flexible, robust, and effective control system model that leads to expanded stability and reduces the effect of disturbances.
- Published
- 2021
21. The relationship between substance use, prior trauma history, and risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder in the immediate aftermath of civilian trauma
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Lisa Reidy, Kerry J. Ressler, Felicia Gould, Alex O. Rothbaum, Jessica L. Maples-Keller, Vasiliki Michopoulos, Charles B. Nemeroff, Mackenzie T. Jones, Philip D. Harvey, Gabrielle E. Hodgins, and Barbara O. Rothbaum
- Subjects
Child abuse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Traumatic stress ,Context (language use) ,Emergency department ,Comorbidity ,medicine.disease ,Substance abuse ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Physical abuse ,Blood toxicology ,Risk Factors ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Child Abuse ,Risk factor ,business ,Psychiatry ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
Many reports have documented the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use. Substance use is commonly comorbid with PTSD and is a risk factor for trauma exposure. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine how recent substance use, abuse, or dependence influenced the development of PTSD in the context of a prior trauma history, including child abuse, and the severity of initial trauma reactions. Participants (N = 81) were recruited and assessed at the emergency department of a large urban hospital in Miami and serum levels of common drugs of abuse were measured. Although substance use appeared to be a risk factor for trauma exposure, neither self-reported nor blood toxicology influenced the development of PTSD. Positive toxicology screens were more likely to be associated with a diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence, χ2 (1) = 4.11, p = .04. Participants with a history of physical abuse were more likely to have a positive toxicology screen, χ2 (1) = 4.03, p = .05. The majority of our trauma-exposed subjects (66%) were found to be positive for one or more illicit substances at presentation at the ED. The current findings provide support for the “high risk” hypothesis in which substance use is associated with increased trauma exposure.
- Published
- 2021
22. Major Neuropsychological Impairments in Schizophrenia Patients: Clinical Implications
- Author
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Philip D. Harvey and Mackenzie T. Jones
- Subjects
Autism Spectrum Disorder ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,Neuropsychological Tests ,medicine.disease ,Mental illness ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Schizophrenia ,Social cognition ,medicine ,Introspection ,Humans ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,Psychology ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex severe mental illness with high morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment is strongly associated with functional impairment and presents a major barrier to recovery. This article reviews some of the most recent research on cognition in schizophrenia and the clinical implications. There have been recent studies related to the genomics of cognition and neural structures involved in cognition. We review recent investigations into the assessment of social cognition and the implications of impaired introspective accuracy. A recent network analysis assessed the relationship of neurocognition and social cognition to functional capacity. We further discuss the role of specific symptoms in functioning, including negative symptoms and symptoms related to autism spectrum disorder. We conclude with a discussion of a novel computerized treatment for social cognition. Recent research has sought to better understand several dimensions of cognition including genomics, brain structure, social cognition, functional capacity, and symptomatology. This recent research brings us closer to understanding the complex clinical picture of schizophrenia and the best treatments to achieve recovery.
- Published
- 2020
23. Emerging 5-HT receptor antagonists for the treatment of Schizophrenia
- Author
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Philip D. Harvey, Martin Strassnig, and Mackenzie T. Jones
- Subjects
Psychosis ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Development ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,5-HT receptor ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Schizophrenia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Drug Design ,Quality of Life ,Serotonin ,Serotonin Antagonists ,business ,Cognition Disorders ,Neuroscience ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
While antipsychotics have been generally successful in treating psychosis in schizophrenia, there is a major treatment gap for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Given that these aspects of the disease contribute to poor functional outcomes independently of positive symptoms, treatments would have profound implications for quality of life. The 5-HTRitanserin and volinanserin, are historically important compounds in this area, while pimavanserin, roluperidone, and lumateperone are either newly approved, in late stages of development, or currently being tested for efficacy in schizophrenia-related features. The focus will be on their efficacy in the treatment of negative symptoms, with a limited secondary discussion of cognition.In addition to their efficacy in treating negative symptoms and cognition, these compounds may also have a role in modulating antipsychotic-induced dopamine super-sensitivity and preventing relapse. They may also show efficacy in treating patients with milder symptoms such as patients with schizotypal personality disorder and attenuated psychosis syndrome. Their utility may also expand outside the spectrum of schizophrenia to encompass Parkinson's Disease psychosis, major depression, bipolar depression, and dementia-associated apathy.
- Published
- 2020
24. Artificial food coloring affects EEG power and ADHD symptoms in college students with ADHD: a pilot study
- Author
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Mackenzie T. Langan, Anna E Kirkland, and Kathleen F. Holton
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,genetic structures ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Pilot Projects ,Electroencephalography ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Intervention (counseling) ,mental disorders ,Medicine ,Humans ,Adhd symptoms ,Young adult ,Students ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,fungi ,Food Coloring Agents ,General Medicine ,respiratory system ,Brain Waves ,Food coloring ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objectives: Removing artificial food coloring (AFC) is a common dietary intervention for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but has not been tested in young adults. This...
- Published
- 2020
25. Behavioral and Psychosocial Treatments of Dementia in the Caribbean: Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico
- Author
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Ivonne Z. Jimenez-Velazquez, Mackenzie T. Goertz, Daisy Acosta, Juan J. Llibre-Rodriguez, and Christian E. Schenk-Aldahondo
- Subjects
Gerontology ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,History ,business.industry ,Public health ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,medicine.disease ,Colonialism ,Politics ,Health care ,medicine ,Dementia ,education ,business ,Psychosocial ,geographic locations - Abstract
Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, otherwise known as the Spanish Insular Caribbean, comprise a subgroup of insular territories that have similar cultural, historical, and colonial backgrounds. The Spanish Insular Caribbean population faces a particularly high risk for dementia, and only steadily emerging, albeit unique behavioral and psychological approaches for treatment. Comprehensive efforts to provide adequate and culturally congruent treatment are complex and characterized by social, economic, political, and public health influences. This chapter begins contextualizing the treatment of dementia by describing the cultural and historical landscape of the Spanish-speaking islands in the Caribbean. Prevalence rates of dementia in these regions are also discussed along with the current strategic, national guidelines for comprehensive care and the systems of healthcare provision in each country. Furthermore, cultural considerations for dementia management are discussed, including a summary of the psychological strengths exemplified within the Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican communities. The chapter concludes with a review of treatment practices and interventions for individuals with dementia and their caregivers.
- Published
- 2020
26. Achilles Tendon Repair With the PARS: Innovative Double Locking Techniques and Device Positioning Based on MRI Study
- Author
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Aoife MacMahon, Jonathan T. Deland, and Mackenzie T. Jones
- Subjects
030222 orthopedics ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.medical_specialty ,0302 clinical medicine ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery ,030229 sport sciences ,Achilles tendon repair ,business - Published
- 2017
27. Periaxonal and nodal plasticity modulate action potential conduction in the adult mouse brain
- Author
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Carlie L. Cullen, Alexander D. Tang, Viola Oorschot, Kimberley A Pitman, Jennifer Rodger, Mackenzie T. Clutterbuck, Ben Emery, Loic Auderset, Renaud Jolivet, Georg Ramm, Renee E Pepper, and Kaylene M. Young
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Central nervous system ,Plasticity ,Thermal conduction ,Nerve conduction velocity ,Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Myelin ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,medicine ,Premovement neuronal activity ,NODAL ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Myelination of central nervous system axons increases action potential conduction velocity and increases the speed of information transfer. However, it is unclear whether myelination optimizes action potential conduction to achieve synchronicity and facilitate information processing within cortical and associative circuits. Here we show that myelin sheaths remain plastic in the adult mouse and undergo subtle structural modifications to influence action potential conduction. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and spatial learning, two stimuli that modify neuronal activity, alter the length of the nodes of Ranvier and the size of the periaxonal space within active brain regions. This change in the axon-glial configuration, which is independent of oligodendrogenesis, tunes conduction velocity to increase the synchronicity of action potential conduction. One Sentence Summary The activity-dependent modulation of nodes of Ranvier and the periaxonal space allows central conduction to be tuned to achieve synchronicity.
- Published
- 2019
28. Neurocognition and social cognition training as treatments for violence and aggression in people with severe mental illness
- Author
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Philip D. Harvey and Mackenzie T. Jones
- Subjects
Behavior Control ,Psychological intervention ,Violence ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Harm Reduction ,Social cognition ,medicine ,Humans ,Social Behavior ,Aggression ,Mental Disorders ,Cognition ,Mental illness ,medicine.disease ,Cognitive training ,030227 psychiatry ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Aggressive and violent behavior, including both verbal and physical aggression, have considerable adverse consequences for people with schizophrenia. There are several potential causes of violent behavior on the part of people with severe mental illness, which include intellectual impairments, cognitive and social-cognitive deficits, skills deficits, substance abuse, antisocial features, and specific psychotic features. This review explores the interventions that have been tested to this date. Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT) or Computerized Social-Cognitive Training (CSCT) have been associated with reductions in violence. Combined CCT and CSCT have been found to improve social cognition and neurocognition, as well as everyday functioning when combined with rehabilitation interventions. These interventions have been shown to reduce violence in schizophrenia patients across multiple environments, including forensic settings. The reductions in violence and aggression have manifested in various ways, including reduced violent thinking and behavior, reduced physical and violent assaults, and reduced disruptive and aggressive behaviors. Effects of cognitive training may be associated with improvements in problem-solving and the increased ability to deploy alternative strategies. The effect of social cognition training on violence reduction appears to be direct, with improvements in violence related to the extent of improvement in social cognition. There are still remaining issues to be addressed in the use of CCT and CSCT, and the benefits should not be overstated; however, the results of these interventions are very promising.
- Published
- 2019
29. Model Reference Adaptive Control and Neural Network Based Control of Altitude of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
- Author
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Sun Yi and Mackenzie T. Matthews
- Subjects
Attitude control ,Adaptive control ,Artificial neural network ,Control theory ,Computer science ,Control system ,System identification ,Transfer function ,System dynamics - Abstract
The objective is to develop a new control strategy for quadrotor types of unmanned aerial systems that assist in closing the existing research gaps between the undesired uncertainties and current control systems. This paper investigates two modeling systems and the accuracy of error elimination and adaptation in the change of the plant/system’s output. The Model Reference Adaptive Controller is a high order of adaptive control. This common fixed parameter has a proportional-integral-derivative for aircraft pitch attitude control. The Model Reference Neural Network Controller is used to the aircraft height altitude control. A disturbance in the system is introduced to test and evaluate the response performance by using the Model Reference Adaptive Controller to observe high-performance tracking in the presence of uncertainties. MATLAB System Identification Tool is used to attain the height altitude model, without disturbance, for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. System identification uses a neural network to capture the behavior of system dynamics, which assists the neural network to train itself to act as a controller. Moreover, the performance of the controllers were tested using simulations to demonstrate and to improve the speed and stability of the response for the two dynamic systems.
- Published
- 2019
30. Supplemental_Table_1_(4) - Depression and reduced emotional experience in schizophrenia: Correlations with self-reported and informant-rated everyday social functioning
- Author
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Harvey, Philip D., Deckler, Elizabeth, Jones, Mackenzie T., L. Fredrik Jarskog, Penn, David L., and Pinkham, Amy E.
- Subjects
FOS: Psychology ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified ,110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy) - Abstract
Supplemental_Table_1_(4) for Depression and reduced emotional experience in schizophrenia: Correlations with self-reported and informant-rated everyday social functioning by Philip D. Harvey, Elizabeth Deckler, Mackenzie T. Jones, L. Fredrik Jarskog, David L. Penn and Amy E. Pinkham in Journal of Experimental Psychopathology
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Depression, hostility, attributional biases, and paranoia in schizophrenia and healthy controls: intercorrelations and associations with self-assessment of social functioning
- Author
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Philip D. Harvey, l. Frederik Jarskog, Martin Strassnig, Amy E. Pinkham, David L. Penn, and Mackenzie T. Jones
- Subjects
Self-assessment ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,medicine ,Attribution bias ,Hostility ,Paranoia ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Social functioning ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2020
32. Development of a risk indicator score card for a large, flight training department
- Author
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Carolina Anderson Ph.D., Mark A. Friend, Dothang Truong, Jason K. Williams, Marisa D. Aguiar M.S., and MacKenzie T. Dickson
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Expert elicitation ,Code of Federal Regulations ,Safety assurance ,Management system ,Combined operations ,Operations management ,Performance indicator ,Flight training ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,Safety Research ,Risk management - Abstract
The purpose of the research was to create and validate a single, quantitative indicator of flight risk for a Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 141 flight training department to increase the accuracy of the Risk Management and Safety Assurance components of the department’s Safety Management System (SMS). The researchers created and validated, via expert elicitation, a non-statistical model composed of twelve Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) from both flight and maintenance operations and their relevant formulas. These were based on two years of flight-performance data from a 14 CFR Part 141 flight training department in the Southeast United States. Once the SPIs had been quantified, standardized, and assigned a weighted value, they were used to create a Risk Indicator Score Card capable of portraying the risk associated with flight operations; maintenance operations; and overall, combined operations on a monthly basis.
- Published
- 2020
33. Effect of a Flexible Linker on Recombinant Expression of Cell-Penetrating Peptide Fusion Proteins and Their Translocation into Fungal Cells
- Author
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Amy J. Karlsson, Zifan Gong, Mackenzie T. Walls, and Alisha N Karley
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,Green Fluorescent Proteins ,Gene Expression ,Bioengineering ,Cell-Penetrating Peptides ,Biology ,Endocytosis ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Green fluorescent protein ,Cell membrane ,03 medical and health sciences ,Candida albicans ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Cell Membrane ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusion protein ,Transport protein ,Cell biology ,Protein Transport ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell-penetrating peptide ,Peptides ,Linker ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a class of small peptides that are able to cross cell membranes via direct translocation or endocytosis. They have been widely used to deliver tethered bioactive molecules to cells, but recombinantly producing CPPs as fusions to protein cargo leads to low yields. We used Escherichia coli cells to recombinantly produce genetic fusions of NPFSD (derived from a yeast endocytosis signal) and pVEC (derived from a murine vascular endothelium cadherin) to the N-terminus of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with and without a flexible glycine-serine linker between the CPP and GFP. The flexible linker improved the expression of the NPFSD construct and the pVEC construct, resulting in a 24.5 % improvement in yield for the NPFSD fusion and a 50.0 % improvement in yield for the pVEC fusion. The linker did not diminish the ability of the fusions to translocate into the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, and the translocation of the NPFSD constructs actually increased by 58 % at 10 min. Moreover, the toxicity of the fusions towards C. albicans was not affected by the incorporation of the linker. These results illustrate the utility of including a linker for CPP-cargo fusions and the potential of NPFSD and pVEC fusions for use in delivering protein cargo to C. albicans.
- Published
- 2016
34. Health Literacy and Recall of Postoperative Instructions in Patients Undergoing the Lapidus Procedure
- Author
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Mackenzie T. Jones, Amelia Hummel, Scott J. Ellis, Jonathan Day, Andrew Roney, Andrew J. Rosenbaum, and Jonathan H. Garfinkel
- Subjects
030222 orthopedics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Recall ,business.industry ,Lapidus ,recall ,Health literacy ,Patient Instructions ,Article ,patient education ,Active participation ,Comprehension ,lcsh:RD701-811 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Orthopedic surgery ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,comprehension ,business ,health literacy ,Patient education - Abstract
Background: Active participation in patients’ own care is essential for success after Lapidus procedure. Poor health literacy, comprehension, and retention of patient instructions may be correlated with patient participation. Currently, there is no objective measure of how well patients internalize and retain instructions before and after a Lapidus procedure. We performed this study to assess how much of the information given to patients preoperatively was able to be recalled at the first postoperative visit. Methods: All patients between ages 18 and 88 years undergoing a Lapidus procedure for hallux valgus by the senior author between June 2016 and July 2018 were considered eligible for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they had a history of previous bunion surgery or if the procedure was part of a flatfoot reconstruction. Patients were given written and verbal instructions at the preoperative visit. Demographic and comprehension surveys were administered at their first visit approximately 2 weeks postoperatively. A total of 50 patients, of which 42 (84%) were female and 43 (86%) had a bachelor’s degree or higher, were enrolled. Results: Mean overall score on the comprehension survey was 6.2/8 (±1.2), mean procedure subscore was 1.8/3 (±0.64), and mean postoperative protocol subscore was 4.4/5 (±0.8). The most frequently missed question asked patients to identify the joint fused in the procedure. Conclusion: Although comprehension and retention of instructions given preoperatively was quite high in our well-educated cohort, our findings highlight the importance of delivering clear instructions preoperatively and reinforcing these instructions often. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.
- Published
- 2020
35. Confidence, performance, and accuracy of self-assessment of social cognition: A comparison of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls
- Author
-
Carlos Laurrari, Amy E. Pinkham, Mackenzie T. Jones, David L. Penn, Elizabeth Deckler, L. Fredrik Jarskog, and Philip D. Harvey
- Subjects
Self-assessment ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,social cognition ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,Task (project management) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Social cognition ,medicine ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,self-assessment ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,schizophrenia ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,social functioning ,Schizophrenia ,SI: Metacognition Article ,confidence ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Social cognitive theory ,Clinical psychology ,Overconfidence effect - Abstract
Impairments in self-assessment in schizophrenia have been shown to have functional and clinical implications. Prior studies have suggested that overconfidence can be associated with poorer cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia, and that reduced awareness of performance may be associated with disability. However, overconfidence is common in healthy individuals as well. This study examines the correlations between performance on a social cognitive test, confidence in performance, effort allocated to the task, and correlates of confidence in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HC). Measures included self-reports of depression, social cognitive ability, and social functioning. A performance-based emotion recognition test assessed social cognitive performance and provided the basis for confidence judgments. Although schizophrenia patients had reduced levels of overall confidence, there was a substantial subset of schizophrenic patients who manifested extreme overconfidence and these people had the poorest performance and reported the least depression. Further, a substantial number of HC over-estimated their performance as well. Patients with schizophrenia, in contrast to HC, did not adjust their effort to match task difficulty. Confidence was minimally related to task performance in patients but was associated with more rapid decisions in HC, across both correct and incorrect responses. Performance on social cognitive measures was minimally related to self-reports of social functioning in both samples. These data suggest global self-assessments are based on multiple factors, with confidence affecting self-assessments in the absence of feedback about performance. Keywords: Social cognition, Self-assessment, Social functioning, Schizophrenia, Confidence
- Published
- 2020
36. Sensitivity to change and responsiveness of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) in children with spinal cord injury
- Author
-
Jennifer E Thompson, MacKenzie T Roberts, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, Shelley A Trimble, Andrea L. Behrman, and Laura C Argetsinger
- Subjects
Trunk control ,Male ,030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,03 medical and health sciences ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Neurological rehabilitation ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sensitivity to change ,Child ,Spinal cord injury ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Rehabilitation ,Neurological Rehabilitation ,Exercise therapy ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Spinal cord ,Exercise Therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Locomotion ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and responsiveness of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) for evaluating trunk control in children with spinal cord injury (SCI) receiving activity-based locomotor training (AB-LT).Prospective study of nine outcomes for consecutively enrolled children in outpatient AB-LT. To evaluate sensitivity to change, linear-mixed models were constructed and adjusted for covariates: age at and time since SCI. To evaluate responsiveness, standardized response means and 95% confidence intervals were estimated per outcome.SATCo scores increased significantly (p 0.05) regardless of chronicity, initial score, and injury level. The SATCo was the most responsive measure and the only outcome demonstrating a large effect size after 3 months of therapy.Children with SCI receiving AB-LT improved trunk control regardless of chronicity, initial impairment, or prior experience. SATCo sensitivity and responsiveness support its usefulness in measuring trunk control in children with SCI.
- Published
- 2018
37. Outcomes of Reconstruction of the Stage II Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity in Older Patients
- Author
-
Mackenzie T. Jones, Matthew S. Conti, Jonathan T. Deland, Scott J. Ellis, and Oleksandr Savenkov
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Reoperation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Stage ii ,Severity of Illness Index ,Hospital records ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Older patients ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,Aged ,030222 orthopedics ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Soft tissue ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,Flatfoot deformity ,Flatfoot ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Ankle ,business ,Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction ,Foot (unit) - Abstract
Background: Reconstruction of the stage II adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) often requires the use of multiple osteotomies and soft tissue procedures that may not heal well in older patients. The purpose of our study was to determine whether patients older than 65 years with stage II AAFD had inferior clinical outcomes or an increased number of subsequent surgical procedures after flatfoot reconstruction when compared with younger patients. Methods: One-hundred forty consecutive feet (70 right, 70 left) with stage II AAFD in 137 patients were divided into 3 groups based on age: younger than 45 years (young; n = 21), 45 to 65 years (middle-aged; n = 87), and 65 years and older (older; n = 32). Preoperative and postoperative Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOSs) at a minimum of 2 years were compared. Hospital records were reviewed to determine if patients underwent a subsequent procedure postoperatively. Results: Patients in the older group did not demonstrate any differences in changes in FAOS subscales compared with patients in the young and middle-aged groups (all P > .15). The older group had significant preoperative to postoperative improvements in all the FAOS subgroups ( P < .01). In addition, patients in the older group were not more likely to undergo a subsequent surgery than were the younger patients (all P > .10). Conclusions: Our study found that patients older than 65 years with stage II AAFD have improvements in patient-reported outcomes and rates of revision surgery after surgical reconstruction that were not significantly different than those of younger patients. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III, comparative series.
- Published
- 2018
38. Mapping local and global liquid-liquid phase behavior in living cells using light-activated multivalent seeds
- Author
-
Lian Zhu, Dan Bracha, Martin Kurian, Clifford P. Brangwynne, Mackenzie T. Walls, Ming-Tzo Wei, and Jared E. Toettcher
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Abundance (chemistry) ,Spinodal decomposition ,Chemistry ,Nucleation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Phase (matter) ,Biophysics ,Liquid liquid ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Intracellular ,030304 developmental biology ,Phase diagram ,Protein ligand - Abstract
SummaryRecent studies show that liquid-liquid phase separation plays a key role in the assembly of diverse intracellular structures. However, the biophysical principles by which phase separation can be precisely localized within subregions of the cell are still largely unclear, particularly for low-abundance proteins. Here we introduce a biomimetic optogenetic system, “Corelets”, and utilize its rapid and quantitative tunability to map the first full intracellular phase diagrams, which dictate whether phase separation occurs, and if so by nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition. Surprisingly, both experiments and simulations show that while intracellular concentrations may be insufficient for global phase separation, sequestering protein ligands to slowly diffusing nucleation centers can move the cell into a different region of the phase diagram, resulting in localized phase separation. This diffusive capture mechanism liberates the cell from the constraints of global protein abundance and is likely exploited to pattern condensates associated with diverse biological processes.
- Published
- 2018
39. Mapping Local and Global Liquid-liquid Phase Behavior in Living Cells Using Light-activated Multivalent Seeds
- Author
-
Dan Bracha, Martin Kurian, Jared E. Toettcher, Mackenzie T. Walls, Lian Zhu, Ming-Tzo Wei, and Clifford P. Brangwynne
- Subjects
Phase transition ,Chemistry ,Spinodal decomposition ,Phase (matter) ,Condensation ,Nucleation ,Biophysics ,Intracellular ,Phase diagram ,Protein ligand - Abstract
Recent studies show that liquid-liquid phase separation plays a key role in the assembly of diverse intracellular structures. However, the biophysical principles by which phase separation can be precisely localized within subregions of the cell are still largely unclear, particularly for lowabundance proteins. Here we introduce a biomimetic optogenetic system, “Corelets”, and utilize its rapid and quantitative tunability to map the first full intracellular phase diagrams, which dictate whether phase separation occurs, and if so by nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition. Surprisingly, both experiments and simulations show that while intracellular concentrations may be insufficient for global phase separation, sequestering protein ligands to slowly diffusing nucleation centers can move the cell into a different region of the phase diagram, resulting in localized phase separation. This diffusive capture mechanism liberates the cell from the constraints of global protein abundance and is likely exploited to pattern condensates associated with diverse biological processes.
- Published
- 2018
40. Pain Management After Outpatient Foot and Ankle Surgery
- Author
-
Austin E. Sanders, Mackenzie T. Jones, Martin J. O’Malley, Akash Gupta, Kanupriya Kumar, Scott J. Ellis, David S. Levine, Mark C. Drakos, Andrew J. Elliott, Jonathan T. Deland, and Matthew M. Roberts
- Subjects
Narcotics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Narcotic ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Outpatient surgery ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Outpatients ,Medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Postoperative Period ,Prospective Studies ,030222 orthopedics ,Pain, Postoperative ,business.industry ,Foot ,Foot and ankle surgery ,Pain management ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Opioid ,Regional anesthesia ,Anesthesia ,Physical therapy ,Nerve block ,Surgery ,Ankle ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background:The number of opioids prescribed and used has increased precipitously over the past 2 decades for a number of reasons and has led to increases in long-term dependency, opioid-related deaths, and diversion. Most studies examining the role of prescribing habits have investigated nonoperative providers, although there is some literature describing perioperative opioid prescription and use. There are no studies looking at the number of pills consumed after outpatient foot and ankle surgeries, nor are there guidelines for how many pills providers should prescribe. The purpose of this study was to quantify the number of narcotic pills taken by opioid-naïve patients undergoing outpatient foot and ankle surgeries with regional anesthesia.Methods:Eighty-four patients underwent outpatient foot and ankle surgeries under spinal blockade and long-acting popliteal blocks. Patients were given 40 or 60 narcotic pills, a 3-day supply of ibuprofen, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, and antiemetics. Patients received surveys at postoperative day (POD) 3, 7, 14, and 56 documenting if they were still taking narcotics, the quantity of pills consumed, whether refills were obtained, their pain level, and their reason for stopping opioids.Results:Patients consumed a mean of 22.5 pills, with a 95% confidence interval from 18 to 27 pills. Numerical Rating Scale pain scores started at 4 on POD 3 and decreased to 1.8 by POD 56. The percentage of patients still taking narcotics decreased from 55% on POD 3 to 2.8% by POD 56. Five new prescriptions were given during the study, with 3 being due to side effects from the original medication.Conclusions:Patients receiving regional anesthesia for outpatient foot and ankle surgeries reported progressively lower pain scores with low narcotic use up to 56 days postoperatively. We suggest that providers consider prescribing 30 pills as the benchmark for this patient population.Level of Evidence:Level II, prospective comparative study.
- Published
- 2017
41. Functional deficits in attenuated psychosis syndrome and related conditions: Current and future treatment options
- Author
-
Philip D. Harvey and Mackenzie T. Jones
- Subjects
First episode ,Real-world functioning ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychosis ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Schizoaffective disorder ,medicine.disease ,Schizotypal personality disorder ,Article ,030227 psychiatry ,Prodrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cognitive impairment ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognitive remediation therapy ,Functional capacity ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Attenuated psychosis syndrome ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The schizophrenia spectrum has been a long-time concept and includes conditions that are related genetically and phenomenologically to schizophrenia, such as schizoaffective disorder, schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), and attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS). The spectrum, now officially recognized within Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), also reflects the genetic and neurobiological relationships between schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and SPD (Clark et al., 2017). APS, although not currently recognized as part of the spectrum within DSM-5 (Tsuang et al., 2013), has been shown to predict conversion to full-scale schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Zuschlag et al., 2016), potentially warranting its inclusion. Often referred to by a variety of terms such as the prodrome, at-risk mental state, or ultra-high-risk, APS is characterized by subthreshold levels of psychosis, negative symptoms, and social, productive, and cognitive deficits (Glenthoj et al., 2016; Lam et al., 2018; Piskulic et al., 2012; Tsuang et al., 2013). Importantly, patients diagnosed with APS do not uniformly either convert to psychosis or recover; rather, many of these individuals go on to develop other conditions, which may include SPD. A central feature of the spectrum, noted since its earliest description, is cognitive impairment; this is seen in schizophrenia and in other conditions of the spectrum including SPD. Impaired cognition is also observed in individuals who eventually develop schizophrenia when they are seen during their premorbid or prodromal periods, and in unaffected first-degree relatives of people with spectrum conditions, including children who are potentially vulnerable (Harvey et al., 1981) and those who have likely already passed the age of highest risk for developing schizophrenia (Keefe et al., 1994). Impairments in the ability to perform everyday functions are a central feature of schizophrenia and, more recently, have been studied in the spectrum. Since the first descriptions of schizophrenia, the pervasive inability to sustain employment, social relationships, and functional independence has been reported (Harvey et al., 2007). Cognitive impairments are central determinants of these aspects of disability (Green, 1996), and in the last 15 years, it has been proposed that the influence of cognitive deficits on disability is largely mediated by their impact on functional capacity (i.e., the ability to perform critical, cognitively demanding functional skills). These include social and vocational skills, and everyday functions, such as medication management and activities of daily living (Harvey et al., 2007). Across the spectrum, a number of studies have linked cognitive impairment, functional capacity, and everyday functioning. Recently, attempts have been made to intervene with spectrum members who do not meet the criteria for schizophrenia by using rehabilitation-focused interventions including cognitive remediation. Such efforts are longstanding in schizophrenia (but are a new development in other spectrum conditions), and the results of meta-analyses support their efficacy (McGurk et al., 2007; Wykes et al., 2011). Interestingly, in the context of relatively poor results for pharmacological interventions aimed at cognition in schizophrenia, there have been several successful interventions using pharmacological approaches in SPD (McClure et al., 2007; McClure et al., 2010; Rosell et al., 2015). This paper reviews cognitive impairments, functional capacity deficits, and impairments in everyday functioning of people in the schizophrenia spectrum who do not meet the criteria for schizophrenia, with a focus on characteristics and recent treatment approaches. This will include both cognitive remediation and pharmacological-focused efforts and will address improvements in cognition and functional capacity using these interventions. 1.1. Specific features of attenuated psychosis syndrome Prodromal features of schizophrenia have been described for many decades and have typically included deterioration in social and functional competence prior to the onset of psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, cognitive functioning appears to change over the lifetime of psychotic symptom development. As noted by Seidman et al. (2016), “there is ample evidence of significant but milder impairments during the premorbid phase, greater deficits during the prodromal or clinical high-risk (CHR) period [of psychosis], culminating in relatively severe deficits in the first episode and chronic phases (Seidman et al., 2016).” Several large-scale studies have focused on cognition in prodromal cases, including the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 1 (NAPLS-1) (Seidman et al., 2010) and 2 (NAPLS-2) (Seidman et al., 2016), the Longitudinal Youth at-Risk Study (LYRIKS) in Singapore (Lam et al., 2018), and several other studies conducted in Europe and Australia (Dickson et al., 2018; McDonald et al., 2018; Mollon et al., 2018; Nelson et al., 2018a; Nelson et al., 2018b). Analyses of data from NAPLS-2 revealed that among 609 patients at CHR, 74 (12%) converted to psychosis, 242 (40%) did not convert, and 293 (48%) went on to develop other outcomes (McLaughlin et al., 2016). As of 2018, 10% of patients in the LYRIKS study were converters; of the 90% who did not convert, 54% were found to remit and the other 46% remained impaired over the entire follow-up period (Lam et al., 2018). Longer-term studies with up to 10 years of follow-up suggest that those who are stably impaired at 2 years do not show marked changes toward conversion to psychosis (Klosterkotter et al., 2001; Nelson et al., 2013) or remission of symptoms (Klosterkotter et al., 2001). Thus, a substantial proportion of individuals within NAPLS, and other similar studies, are not converted/recovered and may potentially represent the earliest stages of SPD. Indeed, non-remitting patients with APS have been suggested to demonstrate similar cognitive and functional deficits to those observed in SPD populations (Harvey, 2018). In fact, SPD was used as one of the potential entry criteria for adolescent patients (age
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- 2019
42. Mapping Local and Global Liquid Phase Behavior in Living Cells Using Photo-Oligomerizable Seeds
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Dan Bracha, Mackenzie T. Walls, José L. Avalos, Lian Zhu, Clifford P. Brangwynne, Ming-Tzo Wei, Jared E. Toettcher, and Martin Kurian
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0301 basic medicine ,Cytoplasm ,Spinodal decomposition ,Cell ,Nucleation ,Liquid phase ,Biology ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biomimetic Materials ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Phase diagram ,Binodal ,Condensation ,HEK293 Cells ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030104 developmental biology ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,NIH 3T3 Cells ,Biophysics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Intracellular ,HeLa Cells ,Protein ligand - Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation plays a key role in the assembly of diverse intracellular structures. However, the biophysical principles by which phase separation can be precisely localized within subregions of the cell are still largely unclear, particularly for low-abundance proteins. Here, we introduce an oligomerizing biomimetic system, "Corelets," and utilize its rapid and quantitative light-controlled tunability to map full intracellular phase diagrams, which dictate the concentrations at which phase separation occurs and the transition mechanism, in a protein sequence dependent manner. Surprisingly, both experiments and simulations show that while intracellular concentrations may be insufficient for global phase separation, sequestering protein ligands to slowly diffusing nucleation centers can move the cell into a different region of the phase diagram, resulting in localized phase separation. This diffusive capture mechanism liberates the cell from the constraints of global protein abundance and is likely exploited to pattern condensates associated with diverse biological processes. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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- 2018
43. Planck intermediate results. XXVII. High-redshift infrared galaxy overdensity candidates and lensed sources discovered by Planck and confirmed by Herschel-SPIRE
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Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Battaner, E., Beelen, A., Benabed, K., Benoit-L��vy, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bethermin, M., Bielewicz, P., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Canameras, R., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Danese, L., Dassas, K., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dor��, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., En��lin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Frye, B., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Gjerl��w, E., Gonz��lez-Nuevo, J., G��rski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Gu��ry, D., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D. L., Helou, G., Hern��ndez-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Keih��nen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Floc'h, E. Le, Leonardi, R., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden-V��rnle, M., L��pez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Mac��as-P��rez, J. F., MacKenzie, T., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martinache, C., Mart��nez-Gonz��lez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Natoli, P., Negrello, M., Nesvadba, N. P. H., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Omont, A., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roudier, G., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Valtchanov, I., Van Tent, B., Vieira, J. D., Vielva, P., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Welikala, N., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Région Ile-de-France, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We acknowledge the support from the CNES, the PNCG (Programme National de Cosmologie et Galaxies). We also acknowledge the support from Région Ile-de-France with DIM-ACAV. We acknowledge the Integrated Data & Operation Center (IDOC) at Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale and Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de l’Université Paris Sud (OSUPS). Support for IDOC is provided by CNRS and CNES., PLANCK, ANR-09-BLAN-0224,HUGE,Herschel Unveils Galaxy Evolution(2009), ANR-11-BS56-0015,MULTIVERSE,Etude multi-échelles de l'évolution des structures de l'Univers(2011), Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Battaner, E., Beelen, A., Benabed, K., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bethermin, M., Bielewicz, P., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Canameras, R., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. R., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Danese, L., Dassas, K., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Flores Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Frye, B., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Gjerløw, E., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Guéry, D., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D. L., Helou, G., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Le Floc'h, E., Leonardi, R., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías Pérez, J. F., Mackenzie, T., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martinache, C., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Natoli, P., Negrello, M., Nesvadba, N. P. H., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Omont, A., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roudier, G., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Valtchanov, I., Van Tent, B., Vieira, J. D., Vielva, P., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Welikala, N., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-09-BLAN-0224,HUGE(2009), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics
- Subjects
BACKGROUND-RADIATION ,Astronomy ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Luminosity ,PROTO-CLUSTERS ,Cosmic infrared background ,clusters: general [galaxies] ,observations [Cosmology] ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,QC ,cosmology: observations ,galaxies: clusters: general ,galaxies: evolution ,galaxies: high-redshift ,galaxies: star formation ,large-scale structure of Universe ,Physics ,Cosmology: observations ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Galaxies: evolution ,Physical Sciences ,symbols ,astro-ph.CO ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,star formation [galaxies] ,high-redshift [galaxies] ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,observation [cosmology] ,ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI ,Structure formation ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,SIMILAR-TO 2 ,astro-ph.GA ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Large-scale structure of universe ,RADIO GALAXIES ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,NO ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] ,symbols.namesake ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica ,0103 physical sciences ,STAR-FORMING GALAXIES ,Planck ,evolution [galaxies] ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Science & Technology ,SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE ,Galaxies: star formation ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Star formation ,Galaxies: high-redshift ,Astronomy and Astrophysic ,115 Astronomy, Space science ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Redshift ,Galaxy ,Spire ,0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences ,[PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA] ,LUMINOSITY FUNCTION ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,500 MU-M ,SUBMILLIMETER NUMBER COUNTS ,Galaxies: clusters: general - Abstract
Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies).-- et al., We have used the Planck all-sky submillimetre and millimetre maps to search for rare sources distinguished by extreme brightness, a few hundred millijanskies, and their potential for being situated at high redshift. These “cold” Planck sources, selected using the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) directly from the maps and from the Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS), all satisfy the criterion of having their rest-frame far-infrared peak redshifted to the frequency range 353–857 GHz. This colour-selection favours galaxies in the redshift range z = 2–4, which we consider as cold peaks in the cosmic infrared background. With a beam at the four highest frequencies, our sample is expected to include overdensities of galaxies in groups or clusters, lensed galaxies, and chance line-of-sight projections. We perform a dedicated Herschel-SPIRE follow-up of 234 such Planck targets, finding a significant excess of red 350 and 500μm sources, in comparison to reference SPIRE fields. About 94% of the SPIRE sources in the Planck fields are consistent with being overdensities of galaxies peaking at 350μm, with 3% peaking at 500μm, and none peaking at 250μm. About 3% are candidate lensed systems, all 12 of which have secure spectroscopic confirmations, placing them at redshifts z> 2.2. Only four targets are Galactic cirrus, yielding a success rate in our search strategy for identifying extragalactic sources within the Planck beam of better than 98%. The galaxy overdensities are detected with high significance, half of the sample showing statistical significance above 10σ. The SPIRE photometric redshifts of galaxies in overdensities suggest a peak at z ≃ 2, assuming a single common dust temperature for the sources of Td = 35 K. Under this assumption, we derive an infrared (IR) luminosity for each SPIRE source of about 4 × 1012L⊙, yielding star formation rates of typically 700 M⊙ yr-1. If the observed overdensities are actual gravitationally-bound structures, the total IR luminosity of all their SPIRE-detected sources peaks at 4 × 1013L⊙, leading to total star formation rates of perhaps 7 × 103M⊙ yr-1 per overdensity. Taken together, these sources show the signatures of high-z (z> 2) protoclusters of intensively star-forming galaxies. All these observations confirm the uniqueness of our sample compared to reference samples and demonstrate the ability of the all-skyPlanck-HFI cold sources to select populations of cosmological and astrophysical interest for structure formation studies., We acknowledge the support from the CNES, the PNCG (Programme National de Cosmologie et Galaxies), ANR HUGE (ANR-09-BLAN-0224-HUGE) and ANR MULTIVERSE (ANR-11-BS56-015). We also acknowledge the support from Région Ile-de-France with DIM-ACAV. We acknowledge final support from ASI/INAF agreement I/072/09/0 and PRIN-INAF 2012 project “Looking into the dust-obscured phase of galaxy formation through cosmic zoom lenses in the Herschel Astrophysical Large Area Survey.” We acknowledges financial support from the Spanish CSIC for a JAE-DOC fellowship, cofunded by the European Social Fund and from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, project AYA2012-39475-C02-01.
- Published
- 2015
44. Use of Pyrosequencing Technology to Genotype Imidazolinone-Tolerant Wheat
- Author
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Joseph C. Kuhl, Frank Fischinger, Robert S. Zemetra, and Mackenzie T. Ellison
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Genetics ,Acetohydroxyacid synthase ,business.industry ,Mutant ,food and beverages ,Biology ,Genome ,Biotechnology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Genotype ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Pyrosequencing ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,DNA - Abstract
15 16 Cultivars of several cereal crops have been developed with acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) 17 insensitivity to imidazolinone herbicides and are now an important tool for weed management. 18 Options for screening for imidazolinone resistant lines include direct herbicide application, 19 biochemical assays for AHAS activity and DNA-based methods. Herbicide and biochemical 20 assays for AHAS activity provide limited information as to mutation copy number and provide 21 no information as to the genome on which the mutation is located without extensive test 22 crossing. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can have between one and six copies of the resistant 23 acetohydroxyacid synthase on any of three genomes. A novel DNA-based screening protocol is 24 described here in which pyrosequencing is used to screen for the S653N imidazolinone tolerant 25 mutation in wheat. One assay is shown to successfully detect zero to four copies of the S653N 26 mutation, while additional assays can detect the presence of S653N in individual wheat genomes. 27 All of these assays are based on a single 298-bp PCR fragment and can be easily scaled up or 28 down depending on the number lines that need to be screened. Potential applications include 29 detection of mutant copy number in segregating populations, and the selection of parental lines 30 with genome specific mutant composition. 31 32 Crop Science: Posted 24 June 2013; doi: 10.2135/cropsci2013.01.0048
- Published
- 2013
45. Modulation of lignin deposition/composition via phytic acid reduction in seed improves the quality of barley straw for sugar release and ethanol production
- Author
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Dhrubojyoti D. Laskar, Shulin Chen, Jing Ke, Robert S. Zemetra, and Mackenzie T. Ellison
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Phytic acid ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,Forestry ,Ethanol fermentation ,complex mixtures ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Biofuel ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,Lignin ,Fermentation ,Ethanol fuel ,Food science ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Biomass-based fuels provide a promising route to avoid environmental issues and the global political instability that arise from depending on petroleum. Currently, biomass conversion remains costly primarily because of the intrinsic recalcitrance of biomass. Improved manipulation of lignin can be a promising path to solving this problem. Through evaluation via fiber analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, ethanol fermentation, thermogravimetric analysis, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we show here that the modulation of lignin deposition/composition of barley straw produced phenotypically normal plants that reduced thermo-chemical, enzymatic, and microbial recalcitrance. This study reveal mutation of barley for low phytic acid content in the grain decreases lignin content modestly, preferentially decreases the guaiacyl (G) lignin conterpart, moreover, enhances the ethanol yield by up to 21.1% using conventional biomass fermentation processes after diluted acid pretreatment. Therefore, this apparent reduction in the recalcitrance of mutant has the potential to significantly lower the processing costs for biomass-derived fuels and chemicals, and be valuable for developing improved cultivars of biofuel crops.
- Published
- 2012
46. Small heat shock protein-mediated cell-autonomous and nonautonomous protection in aDrosophilamodel for environmental stress-induced degeneration
- Author
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Noelle L. Koonce, Linda Guo, Shahroz Fatima, Fumiko Kawasaki, Catherine Qiu, Mackenzie T. Moon, Richard W. Ordway, and Yunzhen Zheng
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0301 basic medicine ,Aging ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,lcsh:Medicine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Degeneration (medical) ,Microtubules ,Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous) ,Drosophila Proteins ,Neurodegeneration ,Anatomy ,Cell biology ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Flight ,HSP23 ,Neuroglia ,Research Article ,lcsh:RB1-214 ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Microtubule ,Environment ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Protein Aggregates ,03 medical and health sciences ,Stress, Physiological ,Glia ,Heat shock protein ,Genetic model ,lcsh:Pathology ,medicine ,Animals ,Heat shock ,Cell Nucleus ,Ubiquitin ,lcsh:R ,Dros ,medicine.disease ,Axons ,Heat-Shock Proteins, Small ,Tissue Degeneration ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Proteostasis ,Proteotoxicity ,Flight, Animal ,Heat-Shock Response - Abstract
Cell and tissue degeneration, and the development of degenerative diseases, are influenced by genetic and environmental factors that affect protein misfolding and proteotoxicity. To better understand the role of the environment in degeneration, we developed a genetic model for heat shock (HS)-stress-induced degeneration in Drosophila. This model exhibits a unique combination of features that enhance genetic analysis of degeneration and protection mechanisms involving environmental stress. These include cell-type-specific failure of proteostasis and degeneration in response to global stress, cell-nonautonomous interactions within a simple and accessible network of susceptible cell types, and precise temporal control over the induction of degeneration. In wild-type flies, HS stress causes selective loss of the flight ability and degeneration of three susceptible cell types comprising the flight motor: muscle, motor neurons and associated glia. Other motor behaviors persist and, accordingly, the corresponding cell types controlling leg motor function are resistant to degeneration. Flight motor degeneration was preceded by a failure of muscle proteostasis characterized by diffuse ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Moreover, muscle-specific overexpression of a small heat shock protein (HSP), HSP23, promoted proteostasis and protected muscle from HS stress. Notably, neurons and glia were protected as well, indicating that a small HSP can mediate cell-nonautonomous protection. Cell-autonomous protection of muscle was characterized by a distinct distribution of ubiquitinated proteins, including perinuclear localization and clearance of protein aggregates associated with the perinuclear microtubule network. This network was severely disrupted in wild-type preparations prior to degeneration, suggesting that it serves an important role in muscle proteostasis and protection. Finally, studies of resistant leg muscles revealed that they sustain proteostasis and the microtubule cytoskeleton after HS stress. These findings establish a model for genetic analysis of degeneration and protection mechanisms involving contributions of environmental factors, and advance our understanding of the protective functions and therapeutic potential of small HSPs., Summary: A Drosophila model for environmental-stress-induced degeneration exhibits key features for genetic analysis of degenerative disease mechanisms and reveals new forms of protection mediated by small heat shock proteins.
- Published
- 2016
47. Electrospun Ultrafine Fiber Composites Containing Fumed Silica: From Solution Rheology to Materials with Tunable Wetting
- Author
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Christopher A. Bonino, Saad A. Khan, Martin K. Dufficy, and Mackenzie T. Geiger
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon dioxide ,Acrylic Resins ,Nanofibers ,Nanocomposites ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Electrochemistry ,General Materials Science ,Fiber ,Composite material ,Particle Size ,Spectroscopy ,Hydrophobic silica ,Fumed silica ,Water ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Electrochemical Techniques ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Silicon Dioxide ,Electrospinning ,chemistry ,Nanofiber ,Wettability ,Wetting ,Rheology ,Gels ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions - Abstract
Fumed silica (FS) particles with hydrophobic (R805) or hydrophilic (A150) surface functionalities are incorporated in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers by electrospinning to produce mats with controlled wettability. Rheological measurements are conducted to elucidate the particle-polymer interactions and characterize the system while microscopic and analytic tools are used to examine FS location within both fibers and films to aid in the fundamental understanding of wetting behavior. Unlike traditional polymers, we find these systems to be gel-like, yet electrospinnable; the fumed silica networks break down into smaller aggregates during the electrospinning process and disperse both within and on the surface of the fibers. Composite nanofiber mats containing R805 FS exhibit an apparent contact angle over 130° and remain hydrophobic over 30 min, while similar mats with A150 display rapid surface-wetting with a static contact angle of ∼30°. Wicking experiments reveal that the water absorption properties can be further manipulated, with R805 FS-impregnated mats taking up only 8% water relative to mat weight in 15 min. In contrast, PAN fibers containing A150 FS absorb 425% of water in the same period, even more than the pure PAN fiber (371%). The vastly different responses to water demonstrate the versatility of FS in surface modification, especially for submicron fibrous mats. The role of fumed silica in controlling wettability is discussed in terms of their surface functionality, placement on nanofibers and induced surface roughness.
- Published
- 2015
48. Assessment of New Measurements to Assess First Metatarsal Elevation in Hallux Rigidus Compared to Controls
- Author
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Mackenzie T. Jones, Carolyn M. Sofka, Austin E. Sanders, Scott J. Ellis, Joseph T. Nguyen, Elizabeth A. Cody, Rachael J. Da Cunha, and Jonathan T. Deland
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Orthodontics ,lcsh:RD701-811 ,Hallux rigidus ,lcsh:Orthopedic surgery ,business.industry ,First metatarsal ,Elevation ,medicine ,Hallux Limitus ,medicine.disease ,business ,Metatarsus primus elevatus - Abstract
Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: While Metatarsus Primus Elevatus (MPE) has been implicated in the development of hallux rigidus, previous studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the relationship between an elevated first metatarsal and arthritis. This may be due to the variety of definitions for MPE and the radiographic measurement techniques that are used to assess it. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of new radiographic measurements that take into account the elevation of the first metatarsal in relation to the proximal phalanx, rather than in relation to the second metatarsal as previously described, to assess for MPE. In addition, we aimed to determine whether the elevation of the first metatarsal was significantly different in hallux rigidus patients than in a control population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from prospectively collected registry data at the investigators’ institution to identify patients with hallux rigidus (n=65). A size matched control cohort of patients without evidence for first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthritis were identified (n=65). Patients with a previous history of foot surgery, rheumatoid arthritis, or hallux valgus were excluded. Five blinded raters of varying levels of training, including two research assistants, a senior orthopedic resident, a foot & ankle fellow, and an attending radiologist, evaluated seven radiographic measurements for their reliability in assessing for MPE in hallux rigidus and control groups. Four of the seven measurements were newly designed taking into account the relationship of the first MTP joint. Inter- and intrarater reliability were calculated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and categorized by Landis and Koch reliability thresholds. The measurements between the hallux rigidus and control populations were compared using an independent t-test. Results: Six of the seven radiographic measurements were found to have substantial to almost perfect interrater reliability (ICC=0.800 to 0.953) between all levels of training, except for the Proximal Phalanx-First Metatarsal Angle which showed moderate reliability (ICC=0.527) (Table). Substantial to almost perfect intrarater reliability (ICC=0.710-0.980) was demonstrated by the research assistants. Six of the seven measurements taken by the attending radiologist demonstrated significant differences in first metatarsal elevation between the hallux rigidus and control populations with the hallux rigidus group showing increased elevation (p=0.000-0.020). Only the First Metatarsal Elevation Angle failed to show a significant difference between the populations (p=0.368). However, the First Metatarsal Elevation Angle measurements of the research assistant and the senior orthopedic resident did show a significant difference between the two populations (pConclusion: This study confirmed the reliability of seven radiographic measurements used to assess for MPE, including three previously established and four newly described measurements. Observers across all levels of training were able to demonstrate reliable measurements. In addition, the measurements were used to show that hallux rigidus patients are more likely to have an elevated first metatarsal compared to patients without radiographic evidence for first MTP arthritis. These measurements could be used in future work to examine how the presence of MPE relates to the etiology and progression of hallux rigidus, and how it affects the results of operative treatment.
- Published
- 2017
49. Effect of race and marital status on mothers' observed parenting and adolescent adjustment in youth with type 1 diabetes
- Author
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Meredith A. Gruhn, Jadienne H. Lord, Sarah S. Jaser, Margaret Grey, Mackenzie T. Young, and Alan M. Delamater
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Male ,Adolescent ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Ethnic group ,White People ,Developmental psychology ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Cooperative Behavior ,education ,Child ,Internal-External Control ,Glycemic ,education.field_of_study ,Marital Status ,Parenting ,Hispanic or Latino ,Observational methods in psychology ,Mother-Child Relations ,Black or African American ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,El Niño ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Marital status ,Female ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,Social Adjustment ,Clinical psychology ,Regular Articles - Abstract
Objective To examine demographic differences in parenting behaviors and adjustment in youth with type 1 diabetes. Methods Adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment was assessed via self-reports and parent reports, and clinical data were obtained from adolescents’ medical records. Mother–adolescent dyads (N = 93) engaged in a videotaped discussion task, which was coded for observed parenting behaviors. Results Single and non-White mothers exhibited significantly more overinvolved and less collaborative parenting behaviors. Higher levels of overinvolved parenting and lower levels of collaborative parenting were associated with poorer adolescent adjustment (i.e., higher levels of externalizing problems). Observed parenting was not significantly associated with glycemic control. There was an indirect effect of marital status and race/ethnicity on externalizing behaviors through parenting. Conclusions The current study highlights parenting as a potential target for interventions, especially in single and minority mothers, to improve adjustment in this population.
- Published
- 2014
50. Good Cop, Bad Cop: Quality of Parental Involvement in Type 1 Diabetes Management in Youth
- Author
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Meredith A. Gruhn, Sarah S. Jaser, Niral J Patel, Jadienne H. Lord, and Mackenzie T. Young
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Parents ,Biopsychosocial model ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Health outcomes ,Article ,Medication Adherence ,Developmental psychology ,Conflict, Psychological ,Diabetes management ,Diabetes mellitus ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Diet, Diabetic ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Quality (business) ,Parent-Child Relations ,Exercise ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Glycemic ,media_common ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Type 1 diabetes ,business.industry ,Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ,medicine.disease ,Self Care ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Adolescent Behavior ,business ,Attitude to Health - Abstract
Sustained parental involvement in diabetes management has been generally advised to counteract the deteriorating adherence and glycemic control often seen during adolescence, yet until recently, little attention has been given to the optimal amount, type, and quality of parental involvement to promote the best health outcomes for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This review synthesizes research regarding the involvement of caregivers-primarily mothers and fathers-of youth with T1D, with a focus on biopsychosocial outcomes. The recent literature on parental involvement in diabetes management highlights a shift in focus from not only amount but also the types (e.g., monitoring, problem-solving) and quality (e.g., warm, critical) of involvement in both mothers and fathers. We provide recommendations for ways that both parents can remain involved to facilitate greater collaboration in shared direct and indirect responsibility for diabetes care and improve outcomes in youth with T1D.
- Published
- 2014
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