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A new species of the genus Neopheosia Matsumura, 1920, N. pseudofasciata sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Fujian province. The species resembles N. fasciata (Moore, 1888) but differs in a forewing pattern in M3 cell; diagnostic differences are observed in genitalia characters as well. DNA barcode data of the new species and its relatives are deposited in GenBank. A key to the Neopheosia species based on morphology is presented. The holotype is deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou.

BackgroundUniversal COVID-19 vaccination programs are now recommended in several countries and represent the most effective preventive measure against COVID-19. However, some reports suggest that vaccination may cause infertility or have adverse effects on pregnancy. Conflicting reports have led to vaccine hesitancy in women planning pregnancy.PurposeTo determine whether vaccination against COVID-19 affects in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes, we conducted a meta-analysis.MethodA systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases for all published literature on COVID-19 vaccines and outcomes of IVF. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration was completed on September 13, 2022 (CRD42022359771).ResultsWe analyzed 20 studies totaling 18,877 individual cases undergoing IVF. COVID-19 vaccination had significant effect on clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate (risk ratio (RR): 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–0.99; RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87–0.99). These outcomes did not differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals: biochemical pregnancy rate (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.88–1.03), implantation rate (RR: 1.02; 95%CI: 0.97–1.07; P = 0.41), the number of oocytes (mean difference (MD): 0.12; 95% CI: −0.65–0.88) and MII/mature oocytes recovered (MD: 0.27; 95% CI: −0.36–0.90), blastocysts rate (MD: 0.01; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.06), and fertilization rate (MD: 1.08; 95% CI: −0.57, 2.73).ConclusionOur findings suggest that vaccination against COVID-19 does not adversely affect the biochemical pregnancy rates; number of oocytes and MII/mature oocytes obtained; implantation, blastocysts; and fertilization rates in women undergoing IVF treatment. Subgroup analysis showed that the mRNA vaccine had no statistical significance on all indexes (clinical, biochemical, or ongoing pregnancy rates; implantation, blastocysts, or fertilization rates; and the number of oocytes and MII/mature oocytes). The findings of this meta-analysis are anticipated to increase the willingness of women planning IVF treatment to receive COVID-19 vaccination and provide evidence-based medical guidance for the development and implementation of guidelines.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022359771.

Xiao-Min Zhang, Ming-Hui Lun, Wei Du, Fang Ma, Ze-Qing Huang Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institution, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiao-Min Zhang; Ze-Qing Huang Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institution, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, People’s Republic of China Email zhangxiaomin.99@163.com; huangzeqing0@163.comObjective: To observe the ameliorative effect of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist on rats with neuropathic pain (NP) and investigate the mechanism of action of the calcium ion (Ca2+)/calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway.Methods: A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operation group (Sham group), NP model group (NP group), NP + KOR agonist U50488H group (NU group) and NP + specific CaMKII antagonist (KN93) + U50488H group (NKU group). The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of each group of rats were determined. ELISA was applied to examine the changes in inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factors, and the apoptotic rate in dorsal root ganglia was observed using TUNEL staining. Ca2+ concentration, content of oxidative stress index ROS and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the dorsal root ganglia were measured by the immunofluorescence assay. Finally, Western blotting was performed to detect expression changes in the Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB pathway.Results: The KOR agonist U50488H could improve the values of TWL and MWT of NP the rats, inhibit inflammatory responses and relieve oxidative stress injury. Its mechanisms of action were associated with U50488H repression of Ca2+ influx, reduction of CGRP and NMDAR releases in the dorsal root ganglia and decreases in CaMKII and CREB phosphorylations in NP rats.Conclusion: The KOR agonist ameliorates NP through suppressing the activity of the Ca2+/CaMKII/CREB pathway.Keywords: KORs, neuropathic pain, Ca2+, CaMKII, CREB

The aggregation behavior of hydrogen (H) isotopes after low-energy plasma irradiation is particularly important for tungsten (W) in future fusion devices. Here, using the first-principles calculation, we demonstrated an interesting strain effect that may drive the planar aggregation of interstitial H atoms in W. Although there are attractive interactions between H atoms, the spontaneous nucleation of these platelet-like H clusters in strain-free W appears impossible even at high H concentrations (up to 0.1 at.%) because of the extremely low configurational entropy. However, applied uniaxial strain significantly increased the binding energy of H platelets and enabled planar H clusters to form. These results suggest that uniaxial strain enhances the nucleation and growth of H platelets in W, regardless of whether it is a compressive or tensile strain. Moreover, the binding energy of one-layer H clusters was lower than that of parallel H platelets, implying that the formation of multi-layer H clusters in W and their stability is also promoted by uniaxial strain. Meanwhile, the presence of planar H clusters dramatically reduced the vacancy formation energy in W, which in turn provided an extra trapping site to accommodate excessive H atoms. These results provide an important reference for understanding the H evolution in W-PFMs.

Escherichia coli is a leading cause of bovine mastitis worldwide. The bacteria can rapidly grow in milk and elicit a strong lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-dependent inflammatory response. Recently, the long polar fimbriae (LPF) were identified as a promising virulence factor candidate widely distributed in mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) strains. Mammary pathogenic E. coli possess 2 lpf loci encoding LPF1 and LPF2, respectively. By deleting the major fimbrial subunit gene, lpfA, we found that both LPF1 and LPF2 contribute to MPEC adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation in vitro. The lpf1A and lpf2A mutants showed reduced cytotoxicity in our in vitro cell infection model. Furthermore, we observed that LPF2 induced a mild TLR4-independent proinflammatory response. The median lethal dose (LD50) of both ∆lpf2A and ∆lpf1A∆lpf2A mutants to BALB/c mice increased by 0.38 and 0.15 logs, respectively, whereas that of wild-type strain MPJS13 was 8.69 logs. In contrast, LPF1 deficiency significantly enhanced the LPS/TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in mammary epithelial cells, and the LD50 of the mutant decreased to 8.18 logs. In conclusion, our data suggested that LPF are important in MPEC colonization of mammary cells and may provide a benefit to bacterial intracellular survival that induces persistent bovine mastitis.

Key to species of Neopheosia 1 Male genitalia lack of gnathos........................................................................... 2 - Male genitalia with a gnathos............................................................................ 4 2 Socii shorter than uncus................................................................... N. mandschurica - Socii longer than uncus................................................................................ 3 3 The costal valval process is long and narrow......................................................... N. atrifusa - The costal valval process is thicker and shorter....................................................... N. mariae 4 Forewing ground colour ash grey, medial fasciae light grey; valval shape resembles rectangular, tip has a small flap; sacculus well developed.............................................................................. N. albiplaga - Forewing ground colour orange-brown, apex with a blackish mark.............................................. 5 5 Vein M2, M3 of forewing are with more or less blackish mark; socii in male genitalia slender.................. N. fasciata - Vein M 2, M 3 of forewing with blackish mark constantly absent; a dark brown triangle on vein CuA 2 present; socius short and strongly sclerotized; valval tip has a small flap, costa carries a flap; signum rounded and small.... N. pseudofasciata sp. nov., Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Long, Wang, Min & Ma, Fang-Zhou, 2022, Neopheosia pseudofasciata sp. nov., a new species of Notodontidae (Lepidoptera) from Wuyishan National Park, southeastern China, pp. 589-594 in Zootaxa 5168 (5) on page 593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6911626

Neopheosia pseudofasciata sp. nov. Type material. Holotype: male, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 745 m, 2-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Liping Zhou (SCAU Neo02). Paratypes: 1 male, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 750m, 21-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Yulong Zhang (SCAU Neo 01); 1 female, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 700m, 1-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Liping Zhou (SCAU Neo 03); 1 male, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 460m, 3-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Liping Zhou (SCAU Neo 11); 1 male, CHINA, NE Jiangxi / Fujian Wuyishan, altitude 1600m, 20º56’N 117º25’E, IV-2002 (ASPC). Diagnosis. The new species is similar to N. fasciata, but the blackish mark constantly absent in M 3 and M 2 area in the forewing. A dark brown triangle spot on vein CuA 2 is present, and fills the space between M 2 and M 3. In male genitalia, gnathos robust (it is slender in fasciata), the socii strongly curved medially (they are bent slightly in fasciata), costa has a diagnostically important process (this process is absent in fasciata), two signa are present, the bigger one is shovel-shaped, and the small one is oval (oval signum is large in fasciata). Description. Male (Fig. 1). Head and frons covered with greyish hairs; antennae bipectinate at basal half, but are filiform over the apical half to the tip; palpi weakly sclerotized. Forewing length ca. 20 mm. Forewing elongated, ground colour yellow with blackish marks similar with N. fasciata; hindwing pale yellow, tornus black, termen with a line of black spots, abdomen with fuscous hair. Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Uncus bifurcated; gnathos robust; socius strongly curved medially, robust at its base, slender terminally; valva broad, tip flapped; costa carries a process basely which is diagnostically important; saccus broad. Female (Fig. 3). Forewing length 25 mm, characters basically are the same as for male, but the size of moth is usually larger, antennae filiform, abdomen short and thick, covered with greyish hair. Female genitalia (Fig. 13) with short apophyses posteriores and anteriores; ductus bursae with two signa, the bigger one is shovel-shaped, the second one is small and oval. Distribution. Endemic in SE China, Fujian, Wuyishan National Park. Etymology. The specific name pseudofasciata is derived from the other specific name fasciata (Moore) due to the resemblance of the present new species in external characters to the species N. fasciata. Remarks. Morphologically, the new species is very similar to N. fasciata, but it can be distinguished in forewing pattern and genitalia characters of both sexes. Molecularly (Fig. 15), the lineage of the new species has a strong support (bootstrap=100) and the genetic distance between the new species and N. fasciata reached from 6.9% to 7.4%; the genetic distance between some genera of Dicranurinae is more than 10%. Furthermore, the two species N. pseudofasciata and N. fasciata are distributed sympatrically. Hence, the validity of the new species is well supported by morphological, molecular and geographic evidence. For the convenience of identification, a key to Neopheosia species is given below, Published as part of Zhang, Yu-Long, Wang, Min & Ma, Fang-Zhou, 2022, Neopheosia pseudofasciata sp. nov., a new species of Notodontidae (Lepidoptera) from Wuyishan National Park, southeastern China, pp. 589-594 in Zootaxa 5168 (5) on pages 590-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5168.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6911626, {"references":["Moore, E. (1888) Descriptions of new genera and species of Lepidoptera Heterocera, collected by Rev. JH Hocking, chiefly in the Kangra district, NW Himalaya. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 56, 1, 390 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1888. tb 06720. x"]}

Neopheosia pseudofasciata sp. nov. Type material. Holotype: male, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 745 m, 2-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Liping Zhou (SCAU Neo02). Paratypes: 1 male, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 750m, 21-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Yulong Zhang (SCAU Neo 01); 1 female, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 700m, 1-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Liping Zhou (SCAU Neo 03); 1 male, CHINA, Fujian Province, Nanping City, Wuyishan National Park, altitude 460m, 3-V-2021, leg. Min Wang & Liping Zhou (SCAU Neo 11); 1 male, CHINA, NE Jiangxi / Fujian Wuyishan, altitude 1600m, 20º56’N 117º25’E, IV-2002 (ASPC). Diagnosis. The new species is similar to N. fasciata, but the blackish mark constantly absent in M 3 and M 2 area in the forewing. A dark brown triangle spot on vein CuA 2 is present, and fills the space between M 2 and M 3. In male genitalia, gnathos robust (it is slender in fasciata), the socii strongly curved medially (they are bent slightly in fasciata), costa has a diagnostically important process (this process is absent in fasciata), two signa are present, the bigger one is shovel-shaped, and the small one is oval (oval signum is large in fasciata). Description. Male (Fig. 1). Head and frons covered with greyish hairs; antennae bipectinate at basal half, but are filiform over the apical half to the tip; palpi weakly sclerotized. Forewing length ca. 20 mm. Forewing elongated, ground colour yellow with blackish marks similar with N. fasciata; hindwing pale yellow, tornus black, termen with a line of black spots, abdomen with fuscous hair. Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Uncus bifurcated; gnathos robust; socius strongly curved medially, robust at its base, slender terminally; valva broad, tip flapped; costa carries a process basely which is diagnostically important; saccus broad. Female (Fig. 3). Forewing length 25 mm, characters basically are the same as for male, but the size of moth is usually larger, antennae filiform, abdomen short and thick, covered with greyish hair. Female genitalia (Fig. 13) with short apophyses posteriores and anteriores; ductus bursae with two signa, the bigger one is shovel-shaped, the second one is small and oval. Distribution. Endemic in SE China, Fujian, Wuyishan National Park. Etymology. The specific name pseudofasciata is derived from the other specific name fasciata (Moore) due to the resemblance of the present new species in external characters to the species N. fasciata. Remarks. Morphologically, the new species is very similar to N. fasciata, but it can be distinguished in forewing pattern and genitalia characters of both sexes. Molecularly (Fig. 15), the lineage of the new species has a strong support (bootstrap=100) and the genetic distance between the new species and N. fasciata reached from 6.9% to 7.4%; the genetic distance between some genera of Dicranurinae is more than 10%. Furthermore, the two species N. pseudofasciata and N. fasciata are distributed sympatrically. Hence, the validity of the new species is well supported by morphological, molecular and geographic evidence. For the convenience of identification, a key to Neopheosia species is given below

This paper mainly investigates the reductions of an integrable coupling of the Levi hierarchy and an expanding model of the (2+1)-dimensional Davey-Stewartson hierarchy. It is shown that the integrable coupling system of the Levi hierarchy possesses a quasi-Hamiltonian structure under certain constraints. Based on the Lie algebras construct, The type abstraction hierarchy scheme is used to gener?ate the (2+1)-dimensional expanding integrable model of the Davey-Stewartson hierarchy.

Sirtuins, as regulators of metabolism and energy, have been found to play an important role in health and disease. Sirt1, the most widely studied member of the sirtuin family, can ameliorate oxidative stress, immune inflammation, autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis by deacetylating regulatory histone and nonhistone proteins. Notably, sirt1 has gradually gained attention in kidney disease research. Therefore, an evaluation of the overall distribution of publications concerning sirt1 based on bibliometric analysis methods to understand the thematic evolution and emerging research trends is necessary to discover topics with potential implications for kidney disease research. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications derived from the Web of Science Core Collection and found that publications concerning sirt1 have grown dramatically over the past 2 decades, especially in the past 5 years. Among these, the proportion of publications regarding kidney diseases have increased annually. China and the United States are major contributors to the study of sirt1, and Japanese researchers have made important contributions to the study of sirt1 in kidney disease. Obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease are hotspots diseases for the study of sirt1, while diabetic nephropathy is regarded as a research hotspot in the study of sirt1 in kidney disease. NAD+, oxidative stress, and p53 are the focus of the sirt1 research field. Autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome are emerging research trends have gradually attracted the interest of scholars in sirt1, as well as in kidney disease. Notably, we also identified several potential research topics that may link sirt1 and kidney disease, which require further study, including immune function, metabolic reprogramming, and fecal microbiota.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Table S1. 2,321 differentially methylated markers were selected in model construction.

Additional file 3: Figures S1-S11. Fig. S1 The input DNA amount health, benign, and tumor tissue samples in sequencing analysis. Fig. S2 cfDNA methylation analysis of HCC diagnosis. Fig. S3 GO and KEGG pathway analysis of benign and cancer signals. Fig. S4 Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of tissue-derived 2321 methylation markers selected for HCC diagnosis in the tissue samples and plasma samples. Fig. S5 The specificity and sensitivity of MH model distinguishing tumor from healthy individuals in the training and the validation cohort. Fig. S6 The specificity and sensitivity of BH model distinguishing tumor from healthy individuals in the training and the validation cohort. Fig. S7 The comparison of non-tissue tissue-specific markers and tissue-specific markers in BH model contribution. Fig. S8 The specificity and sensitivity of MB model distinguishing tumor from healthy individuals in the training and the validation cohort. Fig. S9 The ROC of the HCC screening model (malignant score) for HCC diagnosis in the training and the validation cohort. Fig. S10 The correlation of malignant score and benign score with cause of cirrhosis (HCV or non-HCV). Fig. S11 Clinical characteristics of misclassified cirrhotic samples.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Table S2. Performance of tissue-derived markers in tissue-samples.

Long polar fimbria (LPF) is one of the few fimbrial adhesins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 associated with colonization on host intestine, and both two types of LPF (including LPF1 and LPF2) play essential roles during the bacterial infection process. Though the fimbriae had been well studied in intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains, new evidences from our research revealed that it might be the key virulence for bovine mastitis pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) as well. This article summarizes the current knowledge on the LPF in E. coli, focusing on its genetic characteristics, prevalence, expression regulation, and adherence mechanism in different pathotypes of E. coli strains.

Natural and edible materials have attracted increasing attention in food packaging, which could overcome the serious environmental issues caused by conventional non-biodegradable synthetic packaging. In this work, gelatin nanofibers incorporated with two kinds of essential oil (EO), peppermint essential oil (PO) and chamomile essential oil (CO), were fabricated by electrospinning for potential edible packaging application. Electron microscopy showed that smooth and uniform morphology of the gelatin/EOs was obtained, and the diameter of nanofibers was mostly enlarged with the increase of the EO content. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum confirmed the existence of PO and CO in nanofibers after electrospinning. The addition of EOs led to an enhancement of the water contact angle of nanofibers. The antioxidant activity was significantly improved for the nanofibers loaded with CO, while the antibacteria activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was better for the fibers with PO addition. The combination of half PO and half CO in nanofibers compensated for their respective limitations and exhibited optimum bioactivities. Finally, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity of the gelatin/EO nanofibers. Thus, our studies suggest that the developed gelatin/PO/CO nanofiber could be a promising candidate for edible packaging.

The development of food packaging possessing bioactivities which could extend the shelf life of food has gained increased interest in recent years. In this study, gelatin nanofibers with encapsulated angelica essential oil (AEO) were fabricated via electrospinning. The morphology of gelatin/AEO nanofibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the addition of AEO resulted in the increase of fiber diameter. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were measured to confirm the presence of AEO in nanofibers. The hydrophobic property of gelatin nanofibers was also found to be improved with the addition of AEO. The nanofibers incorporated with AEO showed significant antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated that the developed gelatin/AEO nanofibers revealed no cytotoxicity effect. Thus, gelatin nanofibers incorporated with AEO can be used as potential food packaging.

Aiming at the problems of high leakage rate and high damage rate in mechanized picking of Camellia oleifera fruit, a branch shaking type picking machine was designed. According to the working principle of picking, the structure design of key components was completed, and the orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was designed. The results showed that the best combination of operating parameters was: picking time 45s, vibration frequency 8Hz, amplitude 5cm of picking head. The field test of Camellia oleifera fruit picking machine was carried out, and the picking rate was 91.2%, and the damage rate of flower bud was 18.2%.

The technology and equipment of this study can improve the technical level of the equipment for peeling and cleaning of Camellia oleifera fruit. Based on the biological characteristics of Camellia oleifera fruit, the size distribution model of Camellia oleifera fruit was established, and the equipment structure and key parameters were determined based on the working principle and design method of the shelling and cleaning mechanism. Based on the analysis of the movement track of the shell stripping and cleaning executive parts, the test scheme is established, and it is optimized that when the crankshaft speed is 240-260r/min and the track speed is 0.4-0.6m/s, the treatment capacity can reach the level of 2000kg/h, and the purification rate is more than 99%. When the vibration frequency of the vibrating motor is set to 50Hz and the horizontal inclination of the separation belt is 50 ° ∼ 55 °, the cleaning effect of the equipment is the best.

Intramolecular hydrogen bonds(IMHBs) can lead to different physicochemical characteristics of nitrophenols(NPs) that determine their environmental behavior. In the present work, to reveal the relationship between IMHB and nitrophenol reduction, the effects of IMHB on the molecular geometries and properties of a series of nitrophenols were investigated with density functional theory(DFT) calculations. The results of the geometry optimization and atoms-in-molecules(AIM) analysis indicate relatively strong IMHBs in ortho-substituted nitrophenols, whose stability could be significantly improved. In comparing the E LUMO and adiabatic electron affinities(AEA) of the nitrophenol isomers, the presence of IMHBs benefited the reductive degradation of NPs, consistent with a previous study. To gain an insight into the effect mechanism of IMHBs on the reductive degradation behavior of these molecules, the condensed electrophilicity Fukui index(f –), natural charges and Wiberg bond orders of these nitrophenol isomers were calculated. The calculations indicate that the electrophilic reactivity activity of the O atom on the nitro group could be significantly improved due to the formation of IMHBs, which results in the enhanced reductive degradation of ortho-substituted NPs.

In this research, the tantalum was chosen to be an alloying element into the surface layer of M50 steel to explore the microstructure after surface alloying treatment by high current pulsed electron beam. Different thickness of Ta films were deposited onto the M50 steel by DC magnetron sputtering before irradiation and the morphology of surface and cross section after surface alloying treatment were observed. The microstructure of alloying layer was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The results revealed that alloying layer could be divided into three layers. The top layer was composed of δ-Fe phase with dendritic and small hollow spherical structure due to the segregation of alloying elements especially Ta. Some large spherical and a few dendritic microstructures could be observed at the second alloying layer; while there was only lath martensite microstructures at bottom of alloying layer.

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have rapidly emerged as a new technology in the fields of plant protection and pest controlling. In order to optimize the comprehensive performance of plant protection drones in large-area operation, a new regional module route planning method based on improved cattle farming reciprocating was proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of work area, the concept and method of regional module division were given. Secondly, the route planning problem was transformed into the operation module division problem, and the sub-area module and route planning with the least operation time and energy consumption were obtained. The simulation results showed our proposed method for regional modularized route planning reduced the number of operations of plant protection drones in large-area operation areas effectively, and shortened the total flight distance of plant protection drones. Compared with the traditional cattle-farming reciprocating route planning, the work time of route planning and operating electricity consumption were shortened about 16.7% and 10.8% respectively, demonstrating our proposed method was feasible. Additionally, this study can provide a reference for multi-plant protection drone route planning.

County-level performance scores for the 11 assessment modules for the 28 laboratories by laboratory type (public health and clinical), Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, China 2014. (DOC 89 kb)

Prefecture-level performance scores for the 11 assessment modules for the 28 laboratories by laboratory type (public health and clinical), Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, China 2014. (DOC 90 kb)

Performance scores combined across three administrative levels (county, prefecture and province) for the 11 assessment modules for the 28 laboratories by laboratory type (public health and clinical), Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, China, 2014. (DOC 95 kb)

Provincial-level performance scores for the 11 assessment modules for the 28 laboratories by laboratory type (public health and clinical), Guangxi and Guizhou Provinces, China, 2014. (DOC 93 kb)

The characteristics of tannery wastewater are complex composition, high suspended substance (SS) and heavy sludge load. Adding the functional bacteria agent into the Aerobic system and Sludge digestion tank can improve the biological system activity and reduce sludge discharge. The pilot-scale study results show that: The removal of CODcr and NH3-N was improved after biological synergy. The average removal rate of CODcr was 90.1% and the average removal rate of NH3-N was 97.4%, both of which were higher than the control group. The excess sludge reduction of the system could reach 75.16%, and the effect of sludge reduction was obvious in the experimental group. After biological synergy, the number of bacteria in aerobic pool increased significantly, and the microbial flora migrated in a better direction.

Magnetic carbon@ferroferric oxide nanocatalyst (C@FONC), a composite material comprising powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ferroferric oxide nanocatalyst (FONC), was prepared using chemical co-precipitation. In this study, we evaluated the performance and complete pathway of tetracycline (TC) degradation in a C@FONC/H2O2 system. Moreover, the toxicity of TC and its intermediates was estimated. TC degradation in the C@FONC/H2O2 system followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the TC removal efficiency reached 97% in 120 min (TC0 = 150 ppm). The electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis and free radical quenching experiments indicated the generation of •OH and HO2• during the reaction. The investigation of the reaction mechanisms revealed the complementary performances between C@FONC adsorption and heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in the TC degradation process. The stability of C@FONC recycling was also measured by multiple cycles of reactions, and the TC removal rate still reached 85.8% after nine cycles. In addition, the superparamagnetism and negligible iron leaching of the C@FONC/H2O2 system represented significant improvements relative to PAC and the conventional homogeneous Fenton process, making it a promising composite for applications in advanced oxidation processes.

In this study, the long-term effects of ultrafine tourmaline particles (UTPs) on the removal of nitrogen in wastewater, activated sludge viability and microbial population dynamics at low temperatures were investigated. Although there was no significant effect on the effluent concentrations of nitrogen after long-term exposure to 1 g/L UTPs at low temperatures, the oxidation rate of NH4+-N and the accumulation rate of NO2−-N increased and the formation rate of NO3−-N decreased during the aerobic phase of sequencing batch reactors. However, long-term exposure to 1 g/L UTPs did not significantly affect the microbial community richness and the community diversity of activated sludge at low temperatures. The mechanism of tourmaline was studied by assessing the dominant functional species involved in biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. It was found that 1 g/L UTPs increased the removal rate of nitrogen by reducing the relative abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria and increasing the relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria after long-term operation at low temperatures.

Interview Guide. The interview guides developed for the study. (DOCX 15Â kb)

Additional file 1. Figure S1. Time courses of atrazine degradation of strain ZXY-2 containing different initial atrazine concentrations. Figure S2. Atrazine-degrading gene amplification of Arthrobacter sp. ZXY-2. Table S1. Comparison of degradation rates with reported atrazine-degrading strains. Table S2. Sequence of the primer pairs used in PCR study. Table S3. The detail information of three identified atzB proteins in the whole genome nucleotide sequence.

In order to improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, the ZnO/Ni multilayer thin film used in back electrode was prepared through the electroless plating and sol–gel methods. The morphology, structure and resistivity of the electroless nickel coating were measured by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and four-point probe resistivity tester, respectively. It was found that the nickel coating presented crystalline structure with the lowest resistivity of 4.33×10−5 Ω cm. The effect of the ZnO sol concentration, annealing temperature and the number of the spin-coating layers on the crystal structure, film morphology and photoelectric performance were also studied. The light trapping structure was found on the surface of ZnO layer when the sol concentration, annealing temperature and the number of the spin-coating layers were 0.75 mol/L, 300 °C and 4, respectively. The average transmittance in the visible light range (390–780 nm) was about 1.06% by visible spectrophotometer. The ZnO/Ni multilayer film could be used in back electrode for solar cell and would improve the properties of the solar cell.

The study aimed to explore the short-term and long-term effects of tourmaline on activated sludge viability and biological nutrient removal performance. The experimental results indicated that ultrafine tourmaline particles (1 g/L) promoted sludge viability, the reaction rates, and relative enzyme activities in wastewater nitrogen removal. The difference between short-term and long-term effects of tourmaline was not significant. Although the NH4 +-N removal rate and NO3 −-N formation rate in the presence of 1 g/L ultrafine tourmaline particles were increased to 13.8 and 6.8 mg/L•h, which were higher than those in the control (11.0 and 6.0 mg/L•h), short-term and long-term exposure to 1 g/L ultrafine tourmaline particles did not change the effluent concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate because the relative substrate concentrations were low in the influent. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis results indicated that the microorganism community structures including the whole bacteria community, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community, or the whole fungi community were not changed after the long-term exposure to 1 g/L ultrafine tourmaline particles, and Shannon diversity indices (H′) assays revealed that the diversities of community structures were not changed after the exposure to 1 g/L ultrafine tourmaline particles.

This paper reports a novel and facile activation process for electroless copper plating on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic substrate using gold nanoparticles as catalyst. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction method and characterized by UVvisible adsorption spectrum and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The gold nanoparticles were sphere-like with a size of less than 50 nm. Gold nanoparticles were adsorbed on ABS surface and acted as nucleation centers in activating process of the electroless copper plating. The uniform and dense film was obtained at the optimal technological parameters which were achieved by the orthogonal experiment. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to detect the morphology, structure and elemental composition of the coating, respectively. The results indicated that copper coating contained only Cu (0) without any other elements.

Superhydrophobic and superparamagnetic magnetite/silica composite was prepared by combining of the organic and inorganic materials in the present work. The resulting products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Thermal Gravity Analysis (TG) and water contact angle measurement (CA), respectively. The morphologies of the composite were spherical particles with diameters from 40 to 80 nm seen from SEM. The results from FTIR and TG indicated that 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA) had grafted onto vinyl-terminated Fe3O4 nanoparticles via covalent bonds. Surface wetting properties of the P (HFBA)-g-Fe3O4@MPS nanoparticles were evaluated by measuring water contact angle, which were measured to be 154.6°. Moreover, based on the magnetism analysis of the resulting products, they had superparamagnetic property. The double functional repairable coatings enlarged potential applications of the superhydrophobic surfaces.

A reduction in sulfur content within strength category X70 pipe steel for oil and gas pipelines is a key factor for product quality. Thorough metal desulfurizing technology parameters are considered, providing a sulfur content of not more than 0.0020% in 95% of melts, and on average at a level of 0.0014%.

There are some defects in traditional three-frame differencing algorithm for moving vehicle detection, such as intermittent moving region, low detection rate of dark moving objects, multi-target cross and target splitting. This paper proposes an object reconstruction algorithm for moving vehicle detection based on three-frame differencing (ORTFD). The linear point operation on the original video image is employed to reduce the dispersion of dark moving vehicles. Three-frame differencing operation is used to get the contours of moving vehicles, and perform morphological processing on the binary image is adopted to exclude non target objects, also to improve the integrity of the obtained contours. Finally, progressive scan on the whole binary image is taken to find out connected region surrounded by the contour, a preset-threshold-based region filling method (PTRF) is designed to reconstruct the moving object. Algorithm simulation results show that ORTFD improve the detection rate of dark moving vehicle object, and accelerate the detection speed, the precision ratio of moving vehicle detection has been also improved. ORTFD algorithm can detect and recognize vehicles in real-time with high-accuracy for multiple targets under complex traffic conditions.

Environment problem such as the frequent water pollution accidents has become one of the most notable emergency management problems for our government. When there is an emergency water pollution event, it is important to make an effective emergency decision according to the information of real-time event and the appropriate response can mitigate the environment pollution and costs. Because decisions may need to be taken very quickly and with limited information, the need for decision-making skills increases dramatically in emergencies. This paper primarily based on the fuzzy set theory and used the method to make a decision in complex situation of sudden water pollution accidents. The fuzzy set theory is used to represent the evaluation ratings of candidate items because of the information available can't be numerical. The approach can be used to help the decision maker choose the best emergency decisions. An example of choosing an effective emergency plan of water pollution accident is used to illustrate the method.

A determination method of residual solvents in pharmaceutical products by headspace gas chromatography has been established and optimized. Eight solvents which belong to the guideline for residual solvents regulated by the International Conference on Harmonization were studied. Under optimum conditions, various components were separated completely. This novel method was applied to the analysis of volatile residual solvents in pharmaceutical products with satisfactory results. The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be used to detect the residual solvents in pharmaceutical products.

Effect of inoculating rice (Oryza sativa L.) with mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) was studied using potted seedlings. Vegetative growth and reproductive traits were compared between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Result showed that there was a high mycorrhizal dependency of the rice on G. mosseae. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculated rice seedlings grew significant better compared to non-mycorrhizal controlled seedlings, and had increased height (34%), shoot biomass (122%), root biomass (590%) at maximum tillering stage, and grain yield (9.7%) at harvesting stage. Plant architecture and reproductive traits were changed by mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. Rice inoculated with G. mosseae invested more in the root development for effective nutrient absorption, which was the fundamental to achieve the maximum grain yield. G. mosseae was available to form an association with rice plant. The symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and rice would be of benefit to crop growth and grain yield.

To construct a hp0532 gene-deleted mutant of Helicobacter pylori and study its impact on translocation of CagA protein. A recombinant fragment containing a kanamycin resistance gene that was flanked by the up- and down-stream portions of the gene hp0532 was amplified and engineered into pBluescript SK II-plasmid. To construct suicide plasmidpBlueKM40-/lhp0532 based on allelic exchange, Electrotrans formation of H pylori cells with pBshp0532-mutant resulted in isolation of kanamycinresistant H pylori transformants, which was identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. To investigate the function of hp0532 gene in Helicobacter pylori Cag-PAI we performed the coculture of H. pylori and gastric cell BGC-823; We managed to construct suicide plasmidpBlueKM40-/lhp0532. After being analyzed by restriction endonuclease, the mutant vector produced the expected band and we also obtained a coculture of H. pylori which can affect CagA protein translocation. 4 hours after the wild coculture was infected, CagA entered the cell. The hp0532 is an important virulence factors in H. pylori Cag-PAI, involved in CagA protein transportation.

Three areas are selected as the study area, including Tianjin Binhai New Area located in Bohai Bay, Jinzhou Bay Coastal Economic Zone located in Liaodong Bay and Eco-efficient Yellow River Delta Economic Zone located in Laizhou Bay. Based on their intensity of development and the marine environment, combined with the regional characteristics, the sea developing activities on the marine ecological environment impact assessment is made. According to the assessment of regional environmental issues, the repair, mitigation and preventive countermeasures of environmental impact are put forward respectively, aiming at the Tianjin Binhai New Area in the "late development", the Jinzhou Bay Coastal Economic Zone in the "development of medium-term" and the Eco-efficient Yellow River Delta Economic Zone In the "early development" characteristics.