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The Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus) survives today in a relict population of about 50 bears in the central Apennines, even though they have been long protected and habitat suitability at the landscape scale does not appear to be a limiting factor for population recovery. Multiple uses within the bear range may increase disturbance and chances of human-caused mortality, including wild boar hunting drives with dogs conducted in the fall and coinciding with hyperphagia in bears. Although wild boar hunting drives represent a very popular recreational activity throughout the central Apennines, this is a very invasive practice and is thought to exert both direct and indirect detrimental effects on bears. In order to foster the progressive abandonment of wild boar hunting drives in the bear range in favor of less impacting hunting methods, we developed a species distribution model (SDM) to identify areas of likely bear presence during hyperphagia. This SDM could represent the basis to develop a hunting zoning system useful to modulate wild boar hunting regimes according to the bear occurrence. Starting from a large dataset of bear occurrences collected from September to November (2005–2010) within the core distribution range of the bear (n = 5746 GPS- and VHF-telemetry locations on 25 adult and subadult bears, plus other signs of bear presence), we modeled the distribution of bears during hyperphagia and selected candidate models using second order corrected Akaike information criteria (AICc). The final model included 16 environmental, topographic, and anthropogenic variables and was evaluated using the continuous Boyce index (0.91). By intersecting the bear occurrence model with a proxy of wild boar hunting intensity, we identified the areas where the banning of wild boar hunting drives represents a priority, and where less impacting hunting regimes are urgently needed. By discussing how such a model can be used to facilitate consensus toward alternative hunting management scenarios, we believe our approach can be extended to other small populations of bears, and of other species as well, that live in multiple-use landscapes and are in need of recovery.

International audience; In Albania, the process of devolution of forests and pastures began in the late 1990s and is not yet complete. Theoretically, the challenge is to transfer management and property rights of 60% of forest and pasture lands from the national level to the local government units (LGUs). However, the implementation of this national process at the local scale revealed an extremely complex chronology, which is confusing for many actors. As a key to understanding, we broke the complexity down into three intertwining processes (legal, political and administrative) that are de facto the cause of many uncertainties in management accountability and property rights over forests and pastureland. Next we examined how the implementation of the devolution process is linked with local uses and village practises. Rather than simple dualism, which would set local tradition against modern legislation, we propose to go beyond the diversity of local situations versus the need for a common legal framework at national level, to promote embedded local initiatives and pilot projects to test the iterative national institutional design for forestry management.; En Albanie, le processus de dévolution des forêts et des pâturages entrepris dès la fin des années 1990 n’est pas encore terminé. Théoriquement, il s’agissait de transférer la gestion et la propriété de 60 % des terres forestières et des pâturages du niveau national vers les unités administratives locales (UAL). Cependant, la mise en oeuvre sur le terrain de ce processus national atteste d’une chronologie extrêmement complexe, source de confusion pour de nombreux acteurs. Nous proposons ainsi trois clefs de lecture (gouvernance, design institutionnel, droits de propriété) afin de déconstruire la complexité de ce processus et d’identifier les incertitudes ainsi créées en termes de responsabilité de gestion et droits d’usages sur ces territoires. Il s’agira ensuite de comprendre comment ce processus interagit au niveau local, à travers l’étude de cas de trois communes du nord de l’Albanie, dans le district de Lezhë. Nous adopterons une analyse systématique des pratiques et usages qui caractérisent les forêts et pâturages à l’échelle villageoise, afin de mettre en avant des usages multiples, sur des espaces qui se superposent et s’entrecroisent, en fonction de la ressource considérée. Nous montrerons également comment ces différents niveaux de pratiques ne mobilisent pas les mêmes logiques d’action, ni les mêmes échelles de décision et appellent à une triple relecture des enjeux du processus national de dévolution.