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Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death among men and women and a highly prevalent cause of mortality among women. Having sexual relations at a young age, having multiple sex partners, multiple pregnancies, long-term use of birth control pills, receiving a kidney transplant, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the major risk factors of cervical cancer. Although the risk of cervical cancer has recently increased, its mortality rate has declined. This study aimed to review cervical cancer, its epidemiology, etiology, treatment methods, and various chemical plant- and microorganism-derived drugs. Material and Methods: Complete information collection was performed by reading most of the available articles. Results: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, and the best way to prevent it is vaccination between the ages of 9 and 11 years, screening women and, more importantly, educating girls. One of the easiest methods to screen for this disease is Pap tests and HPV genotyping (high-risk strains 16 and 18). Cervical cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages, but after spreading to other parts of the body, it causes symptoms, such as bleeding, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia. Cervical cancer treatment is based on the stage of the disease and the involvement of other parts of the body. In general, however, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hysterectomy are among the common treatments for cervical cancer. Each of these methods has its side effects; for instance, chemotherapy destroys healthy as well as cancer cells. Conclusion: Nowadays, with molecular knowledge, new drugs have been developed that are free from the side effects of cancer treatment methods and only affect cancer cells. All the results have been reviewed and compiled.

Abstract: Nowadays, nano-platforms designed for drug delivery systems (DDSs) such as polymers, liposomes, and micelles have been demonstrated to be clinically efficient. The sustained drug release is one of the advantages of DDSs, especially polymer-based nanoparticles. The formulation could enhance the drug's durability, in which the biodegradable polymers are the most interesting building blocks of DDSs. Nano-carriers could circumvent many issues by localized drug delivery and release via certain internalization routes such as intracellular endocytosis paths and increasing biocompatibility. Polymeric nanoparticles and their nanocomposite are one of the most important classes of materials that can be used for the assembly of nanocarriers that can form complex, conjugated and encapsulated forms. The site-specific drug delivery may arise from the ability of nanocarriers to pass through the biological barrier, their specific interactions with receptors, and passive targeting. The better circulation, uptake, and stability along with targeting attributes lead to lesser side effects and damage to normal cells. Hence, in this review, the most recent achievements on polycaprolactone-based or -modified nanoparticles in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are presented.

Correction to Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7: 627-47. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Aug;7(8):704. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00210-2. PMID: 35809605. Background: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods: Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings: Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00-2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02-1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3-23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6-28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5-14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6-14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7-320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2-313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9-80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5-73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8-71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0-37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6-34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6-34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age

This paper investigates the broaching process of phosphor-bronze (C54400) under different cutting conditions, and the influential factors on cutting force and surface quality are studied. The simulated cutting force implementing the force model based on the energy components also agrees with the results of experiments. In the first part, different cutting velocities of VC = 5, 10, 15, and 20 m/min are studied. In the second part, harmonic vibrations in the form of a sine wave with precise amplitude (A = 1 m/min) and frequencies (F = 55, 65, 85, and 95 Hz) are added in the direction of the cutting velocity. The results revealed that an increase in the cutting velocity from 5 to 20 m/min results in a 40% enhancement in surface quality and a 20% decrease in the cutting force. Additionally, harmonic vibrations of higher frequencies can also contribute to a 35% higher surface quality and a 20% lower cutting force. This study will ultimately improve productivity in industries where broaching is considered the main manufacturing approach, such as automotive and aerospace, in which precision and accuracy are of paramount importance.

Background: Previous studies have shown that Allium cepa (A. cepa) has relaxant and antiinflammatory effects. In this research, A. cepa extract was examined for its prophylactic effect on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in sensitized rats. Methods: Total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count in the blood, serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers, total protein (TP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung pathology were investigated in control group (C), sensitized group (S), and sensitized groups treated with A. cepa and dexamethasone. Results: Total and most differential WBC count, TP, NO2, NO3, MDA (malondialdehyde), and lung pathological scores were increased while lymphocytes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cat-alase (CAT), and thiol were decreased in sensitized animals compared to controls (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Treatment with all concentrations of extract significantly improved total WBC, TP, NO2, NO3, interstitial fibrosis, and emphysema compared to the S group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Two higher concentrations of the extract significantly decreased neutrophil and monocyte count, malondialdehyde, bleeding and epithelial damage but increased lymphocyte, CAT, and thiol compared to the S group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Dexamethasone treatment also substantially improved most measured parameters (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), but it did not change eosinophil percentage. It was proposed that A. cepa extract could affect lung inflammation and oxidative stress in sensitized rats.

Introduction: The present work aimed to assess the anti-parasitic effects of limonene (LMN) against Giardia lamblia trophozoites and cysts. Methods: Anti-Giardia activities of LMN (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) were assessed against G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites for 15-360 minutes. The effects of LMN on the apoptosis stimulation G. lamblia parasites were determined by colorimetric protease assay. Results: Giardia trophozoites were more sensitive to LMN than cysts. The best effect of LMN was seen at 100 μg/mL. LMN markedly triggered caspase-3 activity by 10.2%, 25.3%, and 36.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We found the potent in vitro anti-giardia activity of LMN against G. lamblia parasites with the maximum activity at 50 and 100 μg/mL. However, additional surveys are necessary to reveal the specific efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of LMN.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of beetroot (BR) or nitrate supplements on body composition indices. A systematic search was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCT) published up to August 2022 among online databases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Embase. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCT. A total of twelve RCT met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The pooled effect size of included studies indicated that BR or nitrate supplementation did not change body weight (weighted mean differences (WMD): –0·14 kg, 95 % CI –1·22, 1·51; P = 0·836; I2 = 0 %), BMI (WMD: −0·07 kg/m2, 95 % CI −0·19,0·03; P = 0·174, I2 = 0 %), fat mass (WMD: –0·26 kg, 95 % CI –1·51, 0·98; P = 0·677, I2 = 0 %), waist circumference (WMD: –0·28 cm, 95 % CI –2·30, 1·74; P = 0·786, I2 = 0 %), body fat percentage (WMD: 0·18 %, 95 % CI –0·62, 0·99; P = 0·651, I2 = 0 %), fat-free mass (WMD: 0·31 kg, 95 % CI –0·31, 1·94; P = 0·703, I2 = 0 %) and waist-to-hip ratio (WMD: 0, 95 % CI –0·01, 0·02; P = 0·676, I2 = 0 %). Subgroup analyses based on trial duration, BR or nitrate dose, study design, baseline BMI and athletic status (athlete v. non-athlete) demonstrated similar results. Certainty of evidence across outcomes ranged from low to moderate. This meta-analysis study suggests that BR or nitrate supplements cannot efficiently ameliorate body composition indices regardless of supplement dosage, trial duration and athletic status.

Background and Aims. In recent years, various studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with acute cerebrovascular accident or stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly; however, the results of these studies are contradictory. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly. Methods. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly during the years 1980 to 2021 which have been published in ISI Web of Science, Scopus PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase. All analyses were performed by Stata 15, and the significance level in this study was considered P value ≤ 0.001). Publication bias was not observed in this study ( P value = 0.101). Conclusion. Getting the flu vaccine can reduce the risk of occurrence and hospitalization of stroke in the elderly by 16% (10%-22%). Therefore, receiving this vaccine as a preventive intervention for stroke in the elderly may be promising.

With the advancement of technology and Smartening, governments have realized that the most essential feature of business models is the emphasis on knowledge and innovation, and that governance needs innovation to be sustainable. Modern organizations today are looking for new solutions to create public value through innovative, effective, human-service-based services and decision-making using the potential of modern and digital technologies to provide the tools needed for organizational development and sustainability. The present study is of a practical type and specifically based on structural equation modeling. Data collection tools are standard questionnaires whose validity was assessed using the content validity method and their reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha test. The statistical population of the research included some government organizations of Iran and the sample size was calculated using G*power software and the number of people was estimated to be 284. Findings showed that with 95% confidence, the variables of 7 Pillars Sustainability (7PS) and innovation culture have a positive and significant effect on organizational sustainability. while indirect path analysis reveals the mediating role of innovation culture in the impact of the 7PS on organizational sustainability. Also, FUZZY AHP was used to determine the weight and importance coefficient of the criteria of the 7PS Model, and the culture with the highest score was given the first priority.

The Article Abstract is not available.

With the increasing proliferation of hardware accelerators and the predicted continued increase in the heterogeneity of future computing systems, it is necessary to understand the security properties of such systems. In this survey article, we consider the security of heterogeneous systems against microarchitectural attacks, with a focus on covert- and side-channel attacks, as well as fault injection attacks. We review works that have explored the vulnerability of the individual accelerators (such as Graphical Processing Units, GPUs, and Field Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGAs) against these attacks, as well as efforts to mitigate them. We also consider the vulnerability of other components within a heterogeneous system such as the interconnect and memory component. We believe that this survey is especially timely, as new accelerators and heterogeneous systems are being designed such that these designs understand the security threats and develop systems that are not only performant but also secure.

Tailings dams (TD) are usually located in valleys that are not easily accessible and hence one global digital elevation model (DEM) is used in most of the TD breach outflow modelling studies but the challenges this impose when calibrating visco-plastic rheological models has not been fully investigated. Implications of using GeoBase DEMs for model calibration is studied by comparing it with a model that is calibrated using a merged DEM generated from multiple products. The influence of rheological parameters, roughness coefficient and sediment concentration ( Cv) on simulated variables is studied. It was concluded that when GeoBase DEM was used for back analysis of the event, physically meaningful set of rheology values could not be assigned. Flow behaviour was strongly influenced by Cv and least influenced by Manning’s values. Runout distance was more sensitive to viscosity than yield stress. Mudflow depth and arrival time increased with increase in viscosity and Cv.

Objects with different shapes can dissolve in significantly different ways inside a solution. Predicting different shapes' dissolution dynamics is an important problem especially in pharmaceutics. More important and challenging, however, is controlling the dissolution via shape, i.e. , designing shapes that lead to a desired release behavior of materials in a solvent over a specific time. Here, we tackle this challenge by introducing a computational inverse design pipeline. We begin by introducing a simple, physically-inspired differentiable forward model of dissolution. We then formulate our inverse design as a PDE-constrained topology optimization that has access to analytical derivatives obtained via sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we incorporate fabricability terms in the optimization objective that enable physically realizing our designs. We thoroughly analyze our approach on a diverse set of examples via both simulation and fabrication.

Introduction: The aim of this exploratory sequential mixed methods study was to develop an oral presentations assessment tool for postgraduate students’ oral presentations. Methods: First, a literature review and the ideas of 319 experienced professors were used to identify domains and potential items to develop the desired tool. Then the psychometric properties of the preliminary tool were measured using face and content validity, inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability. Results: The qualitative phase indicated there should be four domains in the developed Oral Presentations Assessment Tool: subject knowledge, delivery, content and organization, and ergonomics, and that items in the developed tool should be weighted according to importance for the efficacy of a presentation. The final version included 19 items across four domains. Mean content validity index and content validity ratio scores were 0.93 and 0.76, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the two evaluation periods was 0.92. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.78. Conclusion: The Oral Presentations Assessment Tool has appropriate psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and applicable instrument to assess postgraduate students’ oral presentations. Important cognitive factors in oral presentations in the form of an ergonomic domain was included for the first time, as part of this new comprehensive tool.

Predicting disease prediction and prognosis have become very easy task with Machine learning models for an inextricable aspect of cancer research aiming at enhancing patient therapy and management. The primary goal of proposed research work is to use Support vector machine, machine learning models and for dealing very accurately for predicting survival time for breast cancer based on clinical data. The study has proposed a solution to the problem in respect to various tumor related characteristic by integrating from dataset about tumour stage, size of tumor, and age at which the diagnosis start is an important major component for utilising for predicting survival time. Haberman's Survival Data Set is dataset describing those subjects who had been provided treatment for breast cancer. The sample taken for research are taken from study which was conducted at University of Chicago's Billings Hospital taking case who were survived after surgery for breast cancer. SVM applied on data set by different options of kernel RBF and linear as well as soft computing techniques are applied to predict the survival rate of patient from dataset. Apart from data standardisation and categorization, the machine learning approaches used in this research work to demonstrate features in terms of predicting how long they survived. Model performance is analysed on breast cancer data is justified by accuracy, support and f1 score. A workflow based on Python-platform has been utilised to support the suggested technique.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurological disorder with brain network dysfunction. Investigation of the brain network functional connectivity (FC) alterations using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) can provide valuable information about the brain network pattern in early AD diagnosis.To quantitatively assess FC patterns of resting-state brain networks and graph theory metrics (GTMs) to identify potential features for differentiation of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and late-onset AD from normal.Prospective.A total of 14 normal, 16 aMCI, and 13 late-onset AD.A 3.0 T; rs-fMRI: single-shot 2D-EPI and T1-weighted structure: MPRAGE.By applying bivariate correlation coefficient and Fisher transformation on the time series of predefined ROIs' pairs, correlation coefficient matrixes and ROI-to-ROI connectivity (RRC) were extracted. By thresholding the RRC matrix (with a threshold of 0.15), a graph adjacency matrix was created to compute GTMs.Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis: parametric multivariable statistical analysis (PMSA) with a false discovery rate using (FDR)-corrected P 0.05 cluster-level threshold together with posthoc uncorrected P 0.05 connection-level threshold. Graph-theory analysis (GTA): P-FDR-corrected 0.05. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to compare clinical characteristics.PMSA differentiated AD from normal, with a significant decrease in FC of default mode, salience, dorsal attention, frontoparietal, language, visual, and cerebellar networks. Furthermore, significant increase in overall FC of visual and language networks was observed in aMCI compared to normal. GTA revealed a significant decrease in global-efficiency (28.05 45), local-efficiency (22.98 24.05), and betweenness-centrality (14.60 17.39) for AD against normal. Moreover, a significant increase in local-efficiency (33.46 24.05) and clustering-coefficient (25 20.18) were found in aMCI compared to normal.This study demonstrated resting-state FC potential as an indicator to differentiate AD, aMCI, and normal. GTA revealed brain integration and breakdown by providing concise and comprehensible statistics.1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

This study aims to develop a novel technique in manufacturing nanocomposite bimodal foams containing expandable polymeric microballoons. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) syntactic foams were prepared via injection molding process, afterwards, a batch refoaming method was utilized to create bimodal structure. The effects of microballoon and nanoclay content and foaming time and temperature on microstructure and physical properties of foams were investigated. The results revealed that refoaming leads to a considerable decrease in density due to nucleation of microcells along with re-expansion of microballoons, as well as CO2 diffusion in voids between the matrix and microballoon surfaces. Microballoon content has no significant effect on cell size of bimodal foams, while a great growth in cell density was observed as its content increased. Results also indicated that at low and high foaming process parameters, melt strength and gas loss are the overcoming phenomena, respectively leading to an optimal processing temperature and time.

Abstract: B cells are the only player of humoral immune responses by the production of various types of antibodies. However, B cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, different types of B cell lymphoma have also been characterized. Selective depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 and other B cell-depleting agents in the clinic can improve a wide range of immune-mediated diseases. B cells' capacity to act as cytokine-producing cells explains how they can control immune cells' activity and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, researchers investigated a safe, low-cost, and effective treatment modality for targeting B cells. In this respect, curcumin, the biologically active ingredient of turmeric, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Evidence showed that curcumin could affect various immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. However, there are few pieces of evidence about the effects of curcumin on B cells. This study aims to review the available evidence about curcumin's modulatory effects on B cells' proliferation, differentiation, and function in different states. Apart from normal B cells, the modulatory effects of curcumin on B cell lymphoma will also be discussed.

Background There has been several discussion and debates regarding the possible setremental influence of elevated serum progesterone (SP) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Our study aims to assess progestron to oocyte rates for assessing CPR and live birth rate (LBR) in IVF cycles and review previous articles. Methods In this prospective cohort study, women under ovulation induction through IVF-ICSI using the GnRH-antagonist protocol were studied. Five specific indicators were considered to assess pregnancy outcome. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results In the present research, 78 patients underwent IVF. The cut-off points for each of the three parameters were 1.2 (with a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 54%), 6.5 (with a sensitivity of 73.1% and a specificity of 56%), and 0.16 (with a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 60%, respectively). Only the number of oocytes (area below the curve of 0.64) was able to predict clinical pregnancy. The cut-off point for this parameter was 6.5 (with a sensitivity of 74.1% and a specificity of 66%). On the other hand, none of the parameters were able to predict live birth. Conclusions The findings of this study should assist in the clinical management of patients with high SP on the day of HCG administration. We recommend, that the ratio of SP to oocyte is a useful parameter for refining the criteria of patients who have had embryo freezing of all embryos (by selective freezing) and subsequent transfer of frozen embryos.

Abstract Removal of aromatic compounds from fuels due to the strict regulations as well as carcinogenic and detrimental effects on the humans and the environment is one of the main steps in the petrochemical industry. Competitive hydrogenation of benzene in aromatic mixtures not only achieves this goal, but also prevents the significant reduction in the octane number by producing cyclohexane in the fuels. For this purpose, a series of nickel catalysts supported on the Ti-promoted mesoporous-carbon composites have been prepared by the wet impregnation method. Textural and physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized using FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM, and EDAX. The activity of the powders was evaluated in the temperature range of 150–210°C. The results confirm that the Ni/Ti-SBA-15 catalyst shows the acceptable selectivity in the test temperature range and the highest activity at 190°C.

BackgroundRoad traffic crashes and associated injuries and mortalities are one of the big public health challenges, especially in low/middle-income countries. Road safety lead agency (RSLA) is a vital factor in the sustainable prevention and promotes road safety. In the recent decades, various policy interventions have been conducted for road safety in Iran. This study aimed at exploring the challenges of RSLA from the perspectives of stakeholders at various levels.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted. In-depth interviews and document reviews were used for data collection. To conduct interviews, different stakeholders at various levels such as policy-makers, senior national authorities, researchers and faculty members were selected. Data collection was conducted between November 2019 and June 2020. Thematic content analysis approach was used for data analysis.ResultsThe experts’ perspectives were analysed and then categorised under five main themes including the role and position of the lead agency, the role and duties of the actors and players, translating policy into practice, intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation and coordination and evidence production and application and a total of 22 subthemes were identified. The current structure of the RSLA is one of the main challenges emphasised by the research participants.ConclusionTo achieve significant improvements in road safety at the national level, a strong management system and leadership body is a critical issue. Organisational reform to establish an effective unique lead agency is proposed to cope with RSLA challenges.