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The concepts of 'ecosystem services' (ES) and 'nature's contributions to people' (NCP) inform environmental frameworks that set out to include Indigenous and Local Knowledge systems (ILK) and worldviews in policy and planning processes. These frameworks aim to enhance biodiversity conservation and human well-being in a legitimate and effective way. In this article, we explore how the concept of People's Contributions to Nature (PCN) is complementary to NCP. We use it to investigate challenges that planners and locals face in realizing the legitimate inclusion of diverse knowledges and worldviwes that account for people and ecosystems in a relational way. We introduce a case study where planners drew on ES and NCP and used participatory methods to implement a REDD+ policy in the Kaxinawá Nova Olinda Indigenous Land (Acre-Brazil). We find that both Kaxinawás and planners emphasize both NCP and PCN in their discourses. Nevertheless, differences between knowledge systems and disciplines, uneven power relations between Kaxinawás and planners, and an underconsideration of PCN by global frameworks challenge the legitimate inclusion of the Kaxinawá knowlege and worldviews to craft assessment and planning. We conclude that by explicitly addressing these challenges, science-policy interfaces can further advance knowledge legitimacy and policy effectiveness. Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-17T18:13:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26972.pdf: 2786770 bytes, checksum: 2e2d7e7360a6dcb6d3c5dc10c9ca9fb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Maize (Zea mays spp. mays L.) is the major domesticated cereal of the Americas and is of great relevance for global food security. For a long time, Amazonia represented an empty space in the racial distribution maps of this species, due to the lack of collections and the idea that locally developed races became extinct during European colonization. However, a native race had been described in Brazilian Amazonia, the Entrelaçado race, and a new study placed Amazonia on the map again, with a proposal for a center of diversification in Southwestern Amazonia. We prospected maize in the Brazilian states of Acre and Rondônia (Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia) and found floury landraces belonging to the Entrelaçado race, rare in existing collections and often considered extinct in the field. We collected indigenous and local names, general and specific uses for Entrelaçado, and characterized these accessions to compare them with other Brazilian floury maize races, based on data from the literature. Floury maize from the Southwest formed a coherent group in the cluster analysis, which grouped with Entrelaçado from the literature, confirming its identification and demonstrating that this race is conserved in Southwestern Amazonia. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-19T04:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Entrelacado-a-rare-maize-race-conserved-in-Southwestern-2020.pdf: 2139787 bytes, checksum: e9f329a93362a893202a8326d4e5eaac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by organisms of the genus Plasmodium. The present study examined wild and cultivated plants used to treat malaria and associated symptoms by riparian communities in the Municipalities of Pauini and Xapuri in Amazonas and Acre states, respectively. During the year 2013 86 persons were interviewed in nine rural communities in Pauini and Xapuri that were known for their knowledge and use of medicinal plants, After each interview, walks were made (walk in the woods), with the main informant of the family, for identification of plants and to collect the samples of the species indicated. A total of 86 plant species were indicated by seringueiros and ribeirinhos for the treatment of malaria and for associated symptoms, while 26 species were indicated exclusively for the treatment of malaria, of which two had no previous indication of use for that purpose. Among the plants mentioned in the survey, we highlight the ten most cited and used by respondents living in the two regions. They are: quina-quina - Stenostomum acreanum (40), carapanauba - Aspidosperma nitidum (39), Picao ou carrapicho-agulha- Bidens pilosa (29), Copaiba - Copaifera sp. (21), melao-de-sao-caetano - Momordica charantia (19), quina-quina - Geissospermum reticulatum (16), Paracanauba / carapanuba - Aspidosperma megaphyllum (14), Amor-Crescido/ Alecrim - Portulaca pilosa (11) species in test 2 (8) and picao-plantado - Leonotis nepetifolia (7). The regions of Pauini and Xapuri have an important flora to prospect promising plants for new antimalarial drug, communities studied have a great knowledge about the forest and their members have used medicinal plants for malaria and its symptoms.