1. Matthiola W. T. Aiton
- Author
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Zeraatkar, Amin, Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh, Khosravi, Ahmad R., and Assadi, Mostafa
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Magnoliopsida ,Brassicaceae ,Biodiversity ,Brassicales ,Plantae ,Matthiola ,Taxonomy - Abstract
KEY TO THE MATTHIOLA W.T.AITON SPECIES MOSTLY BASED ON GLANDS AND TRICHOMES MORPHOLOGY 1a. Plants annual............................................................................................................................................... 2 — Plants perennial or biennial......................................................................................................................... 3 2a. Trichomes mostly 7-9-rayed, ±thick; glands usually 360 µm long, stipulelike glands absent............................................................................................................................. Matthiola chenopodiifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. — Trichomes mostly 5-7-rayed, thin; glands usually 153 µm long, stipulelike glands always present...................................................................................................................................... Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. 3a. Plants eglandular......................................................................................................................................... 4 — Plants glandular.......................................................................................................................................... 7 4a. 2-4-rayed trichomes absent, petals circinately involute at apex..................................................................... 5 — 2-4-rayed trichomes present, petals revolute at apex.................................................................................... 6 5a. Trichomes sparse, thin, stalk mostly 144 µm long, plants 8-15 cm long, stigma capitate-bilobed.............................................................................................................................................. Matthiola macranica Rech.f. — Trichomes usually dense, thick, stalk mostly ca. 70 µm long, stigma conical-bilobed, plants longer........................................................................................................ Matthiola ghorana Rech.f. / Matthiola revoluta Bunge 6a. Simple trichomes frequent, restricted to petiolar leaf bases on proximal part of stem, trichomes up to 169 µm long, rays parallel to epidermis, basal leaves present, 5-14.5 cm long.................... Matthiola spathulata Conti — Simple trichomes sparse nearly throughout, trichomes up to 766 µm long, rays erect, basal leaves absent or significantly shorter.......................................................................................................... Matthiola dumulosa 7a. Ovary, fruit and stem glabrous, glands exclusively limited to margins of uppermost cauline leaves.................................................................................................................................. Matthiola alyssifolia (DC.) Bornm. — Ovary, fruit, and stem pubescent; glands on both leaf surfaces.................................................................... 8 8a. Glands (300) 600-700 (920) µm long, usually absent on ovaries and fruits, petals margin smooth.............. 9 — Glands (200-) 300-500 µm long, present on ovaries and fruits, petals margin undulated.......................... 10 9a. Leaves and stems always glandular (in both flowering and fruiting periods), glands abundant, (300-) 500-600 (700) µm long, leaves broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate.......................................................................................................................... Matthiola shiraziana Zeraatkar, Khosravi, F.Ghahrem., Al-Shehbaz & Assadi — Leaves and stems eglandular in the time of fruit maturity, glands usually sparse, (300) 600-700 (920) µm long, leaves lanceolate, sometimes sublyrate....................................................................... Matthiola flavida Boiss. 10a. 2-4-rayed trichomes present in intercostal fields of leaves, simple trichomes occasionally present, biennial or sometimes short-lived perennial, petals margin proximally revolute and distally curved backwards.................................................................................................................................................. Matthiola tomentosa Bél. — 2-4-rayed trichomes rare and at leaf apex, simple trichomes absent, perennial, petals margin curved backwards proximally (not revolute)........................................................................................................................... 11 11a. Glands moderate or dense on all organs; long-stalked trichomes present on pedicel and sepal throughout, rays usually curved, petals violet.............................................................................. Matthiola codringtonii Rech.f. — Glands usually sparse or absent at least from some organs; long-stalked trichomes restricted to below receptacle, petiolar leaf base and outer sepal apex, rays usually straight, petals pale brown or sordid yellow................. 12 12a.Trichomes moderate, rays suberect; glands often dense on distal third of plant, especially fruits, flowering pedicels sessile or 0.5-1 (2.5) mm, fruit apex usually the same width as the rest of fruit........................................................................................................................................................ Matthiola afghanica Rech.f. & Köie — Trichomes always dense, rays often parallel to epidermis; glands sparse throughout, flowering pedicels (0.5-1.5-) 0.2-4 (6) mm, fruit apex usually attenuate............................................................... Matthiola farinosa Bunge APPENDIX 1. — Selected of voucher specimens used for gland and trichome studies. The following abbreviations designate the herbaria without index: Yasouj University herbarium (YUH);Agriculture and Natural Resources Researches center of Urmia and Hormozgan herbaria (ANRRU and ANRRH,respectively); Department of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM); Herbarium of Isfahan University of Technology (HIUT). Matthiola afghanica Rech.f. & Köie. Iran. Khorasan: Robat sefid, 1649 m, Zeraatkar 16023 (T); 80 km Mashhad from Sabzevar, 1107 m, Zeraatkar 16020 (T); Robat Sefid, 1694 m, Zeraatkar 16039 (T); S Ataiyeh, 1591 m, Zeraatkar 16019 (T); Taghestan-e Nowzar, 900 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 22870 (FUMH); SW Taybad, Karat Mt., 894 m, Faghihnia 34797 (FUMH); Torbat Heydariyeh, 1050 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 19946 (FUMH); between Saleh Abad & Polkhatoon, 500 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 22705 (FUMH); Akhlamad, 1380 m, Ayatollahi& Rezaie 12726 (FUMH); Tangal-e Bardoo, 1666 m, Johrachi & Zangooei 15407 (FUMH); Mazdavand, 950 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 16737 (FUMH); Tandureh National Park, 1862 m, Vaezi & Tabasi 89232, 89237 (FUM); Torbat Heydariyeh to Khaf, 1319 m, Anonymous s.n. (FUM); Baghcheh-Mashhad highway, 1036 m, Anonymous s.n. (FUM); Mirabad, 1800-2000 m, Assadi & Massoumi 21253 (TARI); 70 km from Neyshabour to Kashmar, 1550-1950 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 35451 (TARI); Torbat-e Jam to Bakhazr, 1770 m, Assadi & Amirabadi 84597 (TARI); N Robat Sefid, 1700-2000 m, Runemark & Sardabi 23515 (TARI); ca. 63 km Neyshabour from Kashmar, 1600 m, Assadi 95831 (TARI); Robat Sefid, 1700- 1900 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 35864 (TARI); ca. 25 Mashhad to Fariman, 990 m, Mozaffarian 67523 (TARI). Afghanistan. Bamian: In jugo Shibar, 2400 m, Neubauer 4692 (KUFS). Herat: 1500 m, Köie 3849 (W); 23 km N Herat and der strasse nach Toraghundi, 1330 m, Podlech & Yarmal 29412 (KUFS); Kuh-e Zayarat, 1200-1400 m, Jarmal & Podlech 29299 (M). Matthiola alyssifolia (DC.) Bornm. Iran. Khorasan: E Quchan, 1650 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 27491 (FUMH); E Birjand, 2400 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 32073 (FUMH); Bojnurd, Qaleh Sheykh to Sorkhzoo, 1300 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 21659 (FUMH); E Birjand, 2300 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 30308 (FUMH); Kalat, 1200 m, Lotfi & Mousavi 2643 (TARI); ca. 50 km Mashhad, 1600 m, Paryab & Shirdel 7291 (TARI); Dargaz, 1300 m, Mousavi et al 7343 (TARI); Tandoureh National Park, 1520 m, Vafaee & Mohammadzadeh 479 (TARI); Akhlamad, 1600-1800 m, Mozaffarian 48779 (TARI); Chalpoo, 1550 m, Amirabadi & Abbasi 4409 (TARI); Gonabad to Ferdos, 2090 m, Amirabadi & Ranjbar 2495 (TARI); Birjand, 1800 m, Shad & Vafaee 931 (TARI). Gorgan: Between Azadshahr & Shahrud, 2000 m, Assadi 85659 (TARI); S Kordkoy, 1700 m, Massoumi 55969 (TARI); Golestan National Park, 1450 m, Wendelbo et al. 11086 (TARI). Hamadan: Yalfan, 1940 m, Termeh & Mousavi 16059 (TARI); Esfahan: Mouteh, 1990 m, Amin & Mousavi 6336 (TARI); Kashan, 1800 m, Iranshahr 16079 (TARI); Tiran, 2200 m, Nowroozi 5240 (TARI); Darband, Iranshahr 15951 (TARI); Golpayegan, 2210 m, Etemadi & Movahedi 3122 (TARI). Yazd: Shirkuh, 2400 m, Mozaffarian 77678 (TARI); S Yazd, Shirkuh, 2800 m, Mousavi & Tehrani 16071 (TARI). Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad: Yasuj, 2030 m, Fasihi 24499 (TARI). Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari: 32 km Shahrkor, 2300 m, Iranshahr 15958 (TARI); Kuh-e Shahidan, 2300- 3000, Mozaffarian 58097 (TARI); Tang-e Sayyad national park, 2400 m, Mozaffarian 62123 (TARI). Fars: Khorambid, near Gooshti village, 2560 m, Khosravi & Farahmand s.n. (SUH). Kerman: 70 km NW Ravar, 2400-3200 m, Assadi & Bazgosha 56159 (TARI); Pabdana, 2275 m, s.n. (SUH); Rafsanjan to Zarand, 1800 m, Saber & Ghonchei 88 (TARI); Kerman, Babankhanloo 24007 (TARI). Semnan: 49 km Azadshahr to Shahrud, 1000 m, Assadi & Wendelbo 29617 (TARI); Mehmandust, 1800-2200 m, Termeh & Zargani 15954 (TARI); 35 km N Damghan, 1950 m, Assadi & Wendelbo 29491 (TARI). Tehran: Karaj, 1700 m, Termeh 15953 (TARI); Karaj, Kalak, 1800 m, Mousavi 16074 (TARI); Kuhdashteh, 2500 m, Parsa 12398 (TARI); Mardabad, 1800 m, Gauba 16076 (TARI); Garmdareh, 2000 m, Assadi 27534 (TARI); Khojir, Hamzeh & Shirvani 95184 (TARI). Arak: Arak to Mahalat, 2500 m, Massoumi & Mozaffarian 47931 (TARI). Afghanistan. Ghorat: Ghorat, 2400 m, Podlech 21839 (M). Matthiola chenopodiifolia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Iran. Khorasan: Beshruyeh to Ferdows, 800 m, Khosravi s.n. (SUH); Nehbandan to Sefidayeh, 1000 m, Hojjat & Zangooei 24844 (FUMH); SE Tous, 850 m, Rafeie & Zangooei 26199 (FUMH); N Gonabad, 880 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 17226 (FUMH); E Sabzevar, 900 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 11281 (FUMH); Torbat Hedarieyeh to Gonabad, 1087 m, Ayatallahi & Zangooei 13705 (FUMH); Jajarm, 900 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 11348 (FUMH). Esfahan: NE Kashan, 870 m, Babakhanloo & Amin 17808 (TARI); Shahrreza to Abadeh, 1900 m, Nowroozi & Shams 12359 (TARI). Yazd: Nodoushan, 1991 m, Hadi 19253 & 19252 (FAR); Bafq, 1350 m, Assadi & Bazgosha 56019 (TARI); Bahramabad, 1500 m, Rech. & Esf. 15970 (TARI). Hormozgan: Hajiabad to Bandar, 1200 m, Rech. & Esf. 15973 (TARI); between Gahkom & Tarom, 800 m, Mozaffarian 52262 (TARI). Kerman: Ravar to Chatrud, 1500 m, Assadi & Bazgosha 56306 (TARI); near Mahan, 1700 m, Haravi 649 (TARI); Mamanak, 1000 m, Mousavi & Termeh 15976 (TARI). Baluchistan: Zahedan, 1500 m, Sabeti 15969 (TARI); Zabol to Zahedan, 760 m, Massoumi 1038 (TARI); Zahedan to Mirjaveh, 1690 m, Sandughdaran 942 (TARI). Semnan: Mayamey to Damqan, 1339 m, Zeraatkar 16042 (T); Garmsar to Semnan, 1200 m, Iranshahr 15984 (TARI); N Shahrud, 1100 m, Freitag & Mozaffarian 28410 (TARI). Fars: Abadeh to Esfahan, 2098 m, Ghorbani 102 (TMRC); Abadeh, Farrokh s.n. (SUH). Tehran: Saveh to Tehran, 1170 m, Foroughi 4490 (TARI); Siahkuh, 1000 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 16069 (TARI). Pakistan. Baluchistan: 8k to Warechah, Martin L. Grant 15331 (SUH); Makran, Panjgur area, Riedl & Rafiq PG-98-027 (W). Matthiola codringtonii Rech.f. Afghanistan. Bamian: Bande Amir, Band-e Gholaman, 3057 m, Ahmadzai s.n. (SUH); Band-e Amir, 2900 m, Hedge & Wendelbo 4779 (E, photo); Band-e Amir, 1800 m, Rech. f. 18485 (E, photo). APPENDIX 1. — Continuation. Matthiola dumulosa Boiss. & Buhse. Iran. Khorasan: Qayen to Birjand, 1837 m, Zeraatkar 16024 (T); W of Jajarm, Daraq, 900 m, Joharchi 11388 (FUMH); Qayen to Birjand, 1703 m, Basiri 1570, 19991, 19992, 19994 (FUM); Qayen to Birjand, 2 km to Khezri, 1718 m, Basiri 17181 (FUM); ca. 1 km after Darq from Jajarm, 1101 m, Zeraatkar 16043 (T, SUH); ca. 38 km E Torbat-e Jam, 700 m, Assadi & Amirabadi 66788 (TARI). Semnan: Dehmolla & Salehabad to Kavir, 1200 m, Mozaffarian 72671 (TARI); 33 km Shahrud to Sabzevar, 1500 m, Assadi & Abouhamzeh 40074 (TARI). Matthiola farinosa Bunge ex Boiss. Iran. Khorasan: Baba Aman, 1216 m, Zeraatkar 16035 (T). Saluk, 1357 m, Ezazi 5402 (T); Bar, 2046 m, Zeraatkar 16025 (T); Chamanbid, 1608 m, Zeraatkar 16037 (T); Behkadeh, 1608 m, Zeraatkar 16036 (T); SE Bojnurd, 1500 m, Rafeie & Zangooei 31557 (FUMH); S Dargaz, 1800 m, Joharchi & Zangooei 18685 (FUMH); N Faruj, 1400 m, Faghihnia & Zangooei 31244 (FUMH). Semnan: Bashm, 2600 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 40337 (TARI); Tang-e Parvar, 2200 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 40750 (TARI); above Touye, 2000 m, Assadi & Wendelbo 29490 (TARI). Gorgan: after Golestan tunnel, 999 m, Zeraatkar 16056 (T); E Maraveh Tappeh, 300 m, Assadi & Massoumi 55478 (TARI); Tilabad, 1000 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 29599 (TARI). Matthiola flavida Boiss. Iran. Fars: near Persepolis, Kuh-e Ayub, 1746 m, Zeraatkar 16014 (T); Kavar, 2175 m, Sohrabie s.n. (SUH); Shiraz, Derak Mt, 1640 m, Khosravi s.n. (SUH); Kharameh, Khaneh Kat Mt., 1620 m, Khosravi & Biglari s.n. (SUH); Dokuhak, 1765 m, Khosravi s.n. (SUH); Jahrom, Kuh-e Sur, 2101 m, Mohammadi s.n. (SUH); N Shiraz, 1600 m, Kamali s.n. (SUH). Kohgiluyeh & Boyer ahmad: Dehdasht, Taghizadeh s.n. (SUH); Sogh, Panahi s.n. (SUH). Kerman: E Kerman, 1842 m, Naderi s.n. (SUH); Shahr-e Babak to Meymand village, 1919 m, Abbasi s.n. (SUH); Rafsanjan, Gurchupan, 2400 m, Emamipur s.n. (SUH); Lalehzar, 2600 m, Foroughi & Assadi 17898 (TARI). Hormozgan: S Genou, 1600 m, Wendelbo & Foroughi 15500 (TARI); Qotbabad, 1200 m, Wendelbo & Foroughi 15775 (TARI); Bokhvan, 1500 m, Mozaffarian 44721 (TARI); SE Jakdan, 1200 m, Mozaffarian et al. 39390 (TARI). Baluchistan: Taftan, 2700-3800 m, Mozaffarian 53077 (TARI); Taftan region, 2200 m, Mozaffarian 52982 (TARI); Khash, 2500 m, Assadi 22840 (TARI). Matthiola ghorana Rech.f. Afghanistan. Ghorat: infra Parjuman, Rech. 19054 (W). Ghazni: In valle fluvii Arghandab prope Sang-i Masha, 2400 m, Rech.17518 (W); Sang-i Masha, in saxosis ad fluv. Arghandab, 2500 m, Rech. 17468 (W). Matthiola incana (L.) W.T.Aiton. Iran. Azerbaijan: Mianeh, 1100 m, Illegible 19273 (T, cult.). Mazandaran: Amol, 95 m, Ebrahimi 7224 (T, cult.). Tehran: Park-e Daneshjoo, 1150 m, Zeraatkar 16021 (T, cult.). Kerman: Bam, 1150 m, Zare s.n. (SUH, cult.). Fars: Mamassani, 1820 m, Akbari s.n. (SUH, cult.). Matthiola spathulata Conti. Iran. Azerbaijan: Asalem to Khalkhal, Assadi 86500 (TARI); 22 km SW Ahar, 1550 m, Illegible 26885 (TARI); ca. 18 km NW Marand, 1500 m, Assadi & Shahsavari 65444 (TARI); W Bazargan, 1500- 1700 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 30200 (TARI); Khoy to Shahpur, 1200 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 19263 (TARI); Tabriz to Marand, 1500 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 29812 (TARI). Qazvin: Abgarm, Kharamaghan, 1735 m, Mozaffarian 87297 (TARI). Zanjan: Hajibacheh, 1900 m, Zeraatkar 16006 (T, SUH); 50 km on the Zanjan-Dandi, 1908 m, Mahmoodi 99568 (T, TARI); between Gowjeh Qaya and Gholtugh, 1902 m, Mahmoodi 100456 (T, TARI); 4 km before Ghezel-Ozan river, 1450 m, Mahmoodi 100458 (T, TARI). Haji-Bache 1908 m, Mahmoodi 100457 (T, TARI). Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. Iran. Hormozgan: Tashkuye village, 668 m, Zeraatkar 16044 (T); 2169 m, Geno Mt., Zarrin & Ghahremaninejad 322651 (T); 22 km Senderk to Darpahn, 550 m, Mozaffarian, Banihashemi & Shahinzadeh 39258 (TARI). Bushehr: 61 km Kazerun to Dalaki, 250 m, Runemark & Mozaffarian 26837 (TARI); 70 Bushehr to Ameri, 3 m, Runemark & Mozaffarian 27058 (TARI); 2 N Khormuj, 150 m, Runemark & Mozaffarian 27182 (TARI). Khuzestan: Andimeshk to Khoramabad, Pol-e Zal, 350 m, Mozaffarian 53780 (TARI); 10 km Bagh Malek to Haftkel, 500 m, Assadi & Abuhamzeh 38872 (TARI); S Susa, 63 m, Zeraatkar 16041 (T); 55 km Behbahan to Ramhormoz, 240 m, Runemark & Mozaffarian 30921 (TARI); Masjed soleyman, 278 m, Arabi 46391 (T); Bagh Malek, 750 m, Mozaffarian 53595 (TARI); Susangerd, Bostan, Alahoakbar, 60 m, Mozaffarian 62658 (TARI); Behbahan, Khyrudkenar, 470 m, Foroughi 2938 (TARI). Fars: Shiraz, Bamu National Park, 1900 m, Dehbozorgi 32824 (TARI); 22 km from Fahlian to Rashk, 900 m, Mozaffarian 45960 (TARI); Darab, Rostagh neck, 1200 m, Riazi 4599 (TARI). Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad: 5 km Shamsabad to Basht, 700 m, Assadi & Abuhanzeh 38614 (TARI). Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari: Lurdegan, Sarkhun, 1200 m, Mozaffarian 45960 (TARI). Hamedan: Asadabad neck, 2030 m, Riazi 4696 (TARI). Kermanshah: Bisetun to Kermanshah, Rahimabad, 1358 m, Hamzeh & Asri 87772 (TARI). Kordestan: ca. 15 km N Sanandaj, 1700 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 16913 (TARI). Kordestan: Sanandaj, Cheno village, 1250 m, Fatahi & Khaledian 199 (TARI). Tehran: 40 km to Qom, 200 m, Ghafari 120/64 (TARI). Tehran: 55 km N Tafresh, 1300 m, Amin & Bazargan 18797 (TARI). Markazi: Save, 985 m, Nazemi-Karami 58040 (T). Ilam: Mehran, 155m, Jafari 25973 (T). APPENDIX 1. — Continuation. Matthiola tomentosa Bélang. Iran. Mazandaran: Sangdeh, 1315 m, Doumanchick 31295 (TARI). Markazi, Published as part of Zeraatkar, Amin, Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh, Khosravi, Ahmad R. & Assadi, Mostafa, 2022, Diversity and taxonomic implications of glands and trichomes in the genus Matthiola W. T. Aiton (Anchonieae; Brassicaceae) in the Flora Iranica area, pp. 303-320 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (23) on pages 315-320, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a23, http://zenodo.org/record/7198400
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- 2022
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