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Those who reside near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border in the Khyber, Mohmand, and Bajaur agencies on Pakistan's side and in the Jalalabad and Kunar provinces on Afghanistan's side are presumed to provide some kind of trouble for one or the other border-sharing countries. The reason for this assumption is not that the residents of these areas are inherently troublesome; rather, it is the premise that these places are ignored by mass media and communication networks on both sides of the border. This study will focus on how different media outlets cover and depict the Pak-Afghan border villages in order to test this notion. It is also crucial to research the media and communication that border communities are exposed to on a local, national, and worldwide level. Furthermore, since microblogging is possible on mobile devices in these regions, the growing importance of social media cannot be disregarded. This study will also examine how these populations interact with the media in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The use of social media (Twitter and Facebook) as well as print, electronic, radio, and other media will be statistically studied throughout this study. According to the hypothesis, communication gaps will be found in the study and will have a direct influence on how border communities behave.

The present study is important since precedent phenomena, transmitting both traditional and newly created cultural values, are more widely represented in the mass media language. The paper suggests a cognitive approach aimed at identifying the role of knowledge (linguistic, non-linguistic, individual) in forming the precedent unit meaning, being the primary object of research in cognitive science. Examples of universal precedent names (Napoleon, Cinderella, Don Quixote, Adam) suggest that they store culturally valued (thematized) and implicit knowledge shared by communicants. Studying the binary structures (designator/designatum) of a concept defines the development dynamics of the precedent name’s meaning, relevant changes in structure of the core components of meaning, desemantization of the precedent name. Different Russian and Spanish interpretations show that prevailing content varies, and the language meaning of an invariant of universal precedent names reflects not the reality as such but the cognitive structures of a linguistic identity of a particular society.

The article is devoted to the study of usual affixation word formation as one of the most important operating mechanisms in the Russian derivation system. The goal of the research is to reveal active processes and main trends in usual affixation word formation of the contemporary Russian language. W. Humboldt’s work, where the language is considered not only as a product of human activity, but as the activity itself, as well as E.A. Zemskaya's ideas concerning active and creative nature of the Russian word formation as a subsystem of the general language system. The usual affixation word formation is an actively and dynamically developing aspect of the derivation systemexisting in the contemporary Russian language. News media language actively uses the resources inherent in the system and the norms of the Russian language: neologisms in newspaper texts are primarily generated through the usual derivation models. It has been revealed that the most productive affixation means of the usual innovations generation comprise the following: suffixation, prefixation, zero-suffixation and affixation-like word formation, wherein the most popular one is suffixation. At the present stage of the Russian language development we witness an increase in adaptivefunction of word formation types. Joining native Russian affixes to the borrowed stems appears to be one the most productive patterns in the contemporary usual affixation word building, where suffixation is the most demanding one. The research results obtained can contribute to the development of the lexical derivatology, lexical semantics, neology, and language stylistics problems. The promising character of elaborating the declared subject is conditioned by the language processes in mass media activation, which will probably require further study of neologization aspects in massmedia texts in the nearest future, making possible to explore the functional and pragmatic potential in word formation resources of the contemporary Russian language.Keywords: usual affixation word formation, patterns of usual affixation word formation, ways of usual affixation word formation, derivational neonominations, mass media language

The article deals with word-formation in the language of mass media as one of the phenomena in cultural linguistics. Studies basing on the cultural linguistics approach, which stipulates the language study in close conjunction with the culture of its native speakers, serve the theoretical foundation for the research work. Nonce words collected in the Russian mass media texts and formed by non-usual methods basing on the precedent phenomena have served the actual material of the research. Study of innovations interaction with the basic precedent units has indicated the cultural linguistic marking of derivation processes taking place in the language of mass media caused by economic, political, social and cultural situation in the country. Social attitudes and evaluativity of nonce words reflect the specific features of the linguistic world picture in the contemporary Russian social community. The derived words formed on the basis of the precedent phenomena enable to focus the readers' attention to the urgent public issues, as well as to foreground their cultural knowledge.