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Abstract: Major burn injuries provoke a profound stress response marked by extreme hypermetabolism and impaired immune function. The physiological alterations to glucose, protein and lipid metabolism can be detected even years after the inciting burns injury and when untreated can lead to profound wasting, fatty liver, and even death. Therapeutic strategies which target these physiological disturbances are of paramount importance. Treating burn injuries begins with active cooling, to minimize loss of heat and water, and nutrition, to counteract the extensive catabolism. Providers should follow the strict guidelines published to ensure caloric requirements are met in adult and pediatric patients, with supplementation as indicated. Several pharmacotherapies have proven beneficial in helping to counteract and reverse these physiological changes by lowering insulin resistance, slowing catabolism, and minimizing loss of lean body mass. The most promising drugs include anabolic agents such as insulin, recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), metformin, beta-blockers, oxandrolone, and fenofibrate. Surgery is a necessary adjunct, either in the acute phase to debride compromised soft tissue and prevent compartment syndromes, but also in the chronic setting to release contractures and fibrotic strictures which may impair function. This narrative literature review provides a synopsis of our understanding of the hypermetabolic response to burn injury and discusses the different treatment options aiming to control postburn hypermetabolism and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

25 páginas.- 8 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 66 referencias.- Additional supporting information can be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of this article., eaf water potential (psi(leaf)), typically measured using the pressure chamber, is the most important metric of plant water status, providing high theoretical value and information content for multiple applications in quantifying critical physiological processes including drought responses. Pressure chamber measurements of psi(leaf) (psi(leafPC)) are most typical, yet, the practical complexity of the technique and of the underlying theory has led to ambiguous understanding of the conditions to optimize measurements. Consequently, specific techniques and precautions diversified across the global research community, raising questions of reliability and repeatability. Here, we surveyed specific methods of psi(leafPC) from multiple laboratories, and synthesized experiments testing common assumptions and practices in psi(leafPC) for diverse species: (i) the need for equilibration of previously transpiring leaves; (ii) leaf storage before measurement; (iii) the equilibration of psi(leaf) for leaves on bagged branches of a range of dehydration; (iv) the equilibration of psi(leaf) across the lamina for bagged leaves, and the accuracy of measuring leaves with artificially 'elongated petioles'; (v) the need in psi(leaf) measurements for bagging leaves and high humidity within the chamber; (vi) the need to avoid liquid water on leaf surfaces; (vii) the use of 'pulse' pressurization versus gradual pressurization; and (viii) variation among experimenters in psi(leafPC) determination. Based on our findings we provide a best practice protocol to maximise accuracy, and provide recommendations for ongoing species-specific tests of important assumptions in future studies., European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 751918-AgroPHYS; Marie Curie Fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF-624473); Austrian research agency (FWF) project P32203; National Science Foundation (Grant IOS-#1457279)

Background: Detecting clinically meaningful changes in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) at the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical. Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between a performance-based IADL test, the Harvard Automated Phone Task (APT), and cerebral tau and amyloid burden in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. Methods: Seventy-seven CN participants underwent flortaucipir tau and Pittsburgh Compound B amyloid PET. IADL were assessed using the three Harvard APT tasks: prescription refill (APT-Script), health insurance company call (APT-PCP), and bank transaction (APT-Bank). Linear regression models were used to determine associations between each APT task and entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal, or precuneus tau with or without an interaction with amyloid. Results: Significant associations were found between APT-Bank task rate and interaction between amyloid and entorhinal cortex tau, and APT-PCP task and interactions between amyloid and inferior temporal and precuneus tau. No significant associations were found between the APT tasks and tau or amyloid alone. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest an association between a simulated real-life IADL test and interactions of amyloid and several regions of early tau accumulation in CN older adults. However, some analyses were underpowered due to the small number of participants with elevated amyloid, and findings should be interpreted with caution. Future studies will further explore these associations cross-sectionally and longitudinally in order to determine whether the Harvard APT can serve as a reliable IADL outcome measure for preclinical AD prevention trials and ultimately in the clinic setting.

PROBLEMA: los precios de transferencia, surgen del desarrollo de grandes compañías multinacionales, cuyo fin es proteger la base gravable de las diferentes jurisdicciones fiscales, fijando precios entre un grupo de empresas y obtener oportunidades de crecimiento a nivel internacional, el problema a tratar en la presente investigación radica en la búsqueda de comparables, debido a la manipulación de precios que hacen dichas compañías, lo cual afecta la correcta determinación de la base tributaria y afecta el control para las administraciones tributarias. OBJETIVO: el principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el procedimiento para definir de forma precisa la operación como paso importante del análisis de comparabilidad de precios de transferencia. MÉTODO: la investigación es de tipo cualitativa se emplearon técnicas de observación participación en seminarios virtuales, impartidos por expertos en Precios de Transferencia que forman parte de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos y del Centro Interamericano de Administraciones Tributarias e investigación documental. RESULTADOS: delimitar o definir de forma precisa la operación vinculada, es útil para determinar si un precio de transferencia es o no coherente con el principio de plena competencia. CONCLUSIÓN: definida la operación, la selección del método más apropiado será aún más fácil y permitirá evaluar objetivamente los precios de transferencia.

Este trabajo trae una narrativa de una investigación desarrollada en el aula, a partir de una pasantía posdoctoral. La investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer y discutir el aprendizaje conceptual y didáctico de profesores que enseñan Matemática en los primeros años de la Enseñanza Fundamental sobre el sentido del número en una escuela pública de la ciudad de Sobral/Ceará. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, en forma de investigación narrativa, desarrollada con un grupo de tres docentes de una escuela pública. Los datos fueron recolectados de narraciones orales y escritas, así como de materiales didácticos utilizados por los docentes y documentos curriculares oficiales de los niveles nacional, estatal y municipal. Las acciones se desarrollaron en un grupo colaborativo, con reuniones semanales, con base en un ciclo Lesson Study - LS que incluyó: (1) discutimos con los maestros las ideas del sentido numérico en la práctica diaria. (2) Pensamos y repensamos las acciones docentes desarrolladas por ellos y la propuesta de la red y analizamos los documentos curriculares. (3) Planeamos una lección para explorar el sentido numérico. (4) Reflexionamos sobre ella y comprobamos las lecciones aprendidas y los avances resultantes, que se convirtieron em las nuevas especies marinas en la realidad de Sobral. El análisis de datos evidenció aprendizajes conceptuales y didácticos relacionados con la práctica docente en el trabajo con los sentidos del número, donde los docentes resignificaron sus acciones y experiencias, a partir del análisis de documentos recibidos por la red docente, repensando las preguntas, discusiones y aula. enfoques. Las experiencias brindadas en el grupo colaborativo, del ciclo Lesson Study, revelaron que el sentido del número no se construye sólo en un proceso de discusión y explicación de los contenidos, sino en modelos formativos que estudian casos reales, surgidos de la práctica, en la práctica. y para la práctica.

El presente estudio surge a partir de la problemática evidenciada en las clases de Educación Física en el nivel inicial, caracterizado por dificultades en el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa en los infantes, uno de los principales factores que atentan contra el problema es el desconocimiento de parte de los docentes sobre la utilización de metodologías de enseñanza con enfoque lúdico. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión teórica acerca de la importancia que tiene la Educación Física para el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa en los niños del nivel inicial a través de estrategias de búsqueda bibliográfica. Como metodología se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica de revistas de divulgación o de indagación científica en sitios base de datos regionales y de alto impacto tales como Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex, Scopus y Web of Science considerando como criterios impacto, relevancia y actualidad. Se obtuvo como resultado que la Educación Física requiere que se establezcan metodologías coherentes con los actuales criterios curriculares para que los infantes sean capaces de actuar motrizmente de forma autónoma; a su vez se ha logrado evidenciar que el contexto familiar también juega un papel fundamental ya que en muchos casos también desconocen sobre cuán importante es la estimulación del área motriz en los niños. En conclusión, esta área es útil durante el nivel inicial debido a que a través de esta se proponen actividades que favorecen las habilidades y destrezas motoras ejercitando la coordinación y equilibrio de los infantes.

Context: Studies have illustrated that overuse injuries occur in adolescent athletes more often than previously reported. The general purpose of this study was to provide a thorough report of secondary school athletic trainers encounters, practices, and perceptions of overuse injury in adolescent athletes. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed via email to athletic trainers in the secondary school setting. The questionnaire was sent to participants during the summer of 2021 and 430 participants (highest educational degree earned: master’s degree = 66%) completed the survey. Various survey methods were used to evaluate athletic trainers (1) demographics, (2) estimations about what percentage of injuries evaluated and treated were classified as overuse, (3) methods for treating overuse injuries, (4) confidence in treating overuse injuries and the complete implementation of their treatment plan, (5) perceptions of various barriers to treating overuse injuries, and (6) perception as to why patients did not want to reduce activity to treat their overuse injuries. Results: Participants reported that about half of all evaluations and treatments in a year were overuse injuries and they were “fairly” or “completely” confident (90%) in their ability to treat these injuries. The most common treatments cited were stretching (91%) and reducing activity (90%). Only 61% of participants were “fairly” or “completely” confident in the complete implementation of their treatment plan. Participants believed that patients’ reluctance to reduce sport activities (82% “moderate” or “extreme” barrier) was the most significant barrier to treatment. Participants cited athletes’ avoidance of missing games as the most common reason athletes were reluctant to reduce sporting activity. Conclusions: Participants felt confident in treating overuse injuries yet faced significant barriers in treating these injuries. Clinicians should be prepared to have conversations about the importance of reducing sporting activity to allow proper healing for overuse injuries in adolescent athletes.

We combine data from longitudinal surveys in seven low- and middle-income countries (plus the United States for comparison) to document that depressive symptoms among those aged 55 and above are prevalent in those countries and, unlike in the United States, increase sharply with age. Depressive symptoms in one survey wave are associated with a greater decline in ability to carry out basic daily activities and a higher probability of death in the next wave. Using additional data from a panel survey we conducted in Tamil Nadu with a focus on elderly living alone, we document that social isolation, poverty, and physical health challenges are strongly correlated with depression. We discuss potential policy interventions in these three domains, including some results from our randomized control trials in the Tamil Nadu sample.

La donación de órganos es reconocida como un acto basado en la solidaridad y bondad que consiste en extraer un órgano total o parcialmente en vida o después de la muerte para que mediante un trasplante le permita a la persona que lo requiere el restablecimiento de su salud. El objetivo de esta investigación radica en analizar la opinión de los estudiantes universitarios acerca de la donación de órganos basados en la descripción de datos sociodemográficos para posteriormente relacionarlos. El estudio tiene un diseño cuantitativo, observacional de alcance descriptivo y cohorte transversal. La muestra fue de 177 estudiantes a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario “Actitud hacia la donación de órganos” con una confiabilidad de 0.75 según el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. De los cuales el 84% son de sexo femenino y la religión sobresaliente con el 80% es la católica, también el 21% exponen estar totalmente de acuerdo con la donación de órganos. Además, las características sociodemográficas no tienen influencia directa con la opinión y actitud que muestran los participantes. En conclusión, existe una opinión positiva frente a la donación de órganos, especialmente a un familiar cercano y la necesidad de información donación que brinde seguridad a potenciales donadores y fomento de la cultura acerca de este proceso.

Photosynthetic light harvesting exhibits near-unity quantum efficiency. The high efficiency is achieved through a series of energy and charge transfer steps within a network of pigment-containing proteins. Remarkably, high efficiency is conserved across many organisms despite differences in the protein structures and organization that allow each organism to respond to its own biological niche and the stressors within. In this review, we highlight recent progress toward understanding how organisms maintain optimal light-harvesting ability by acclimating to their environment. First, we review the building blocks of photosynthetic light harvesting, energy transfer, and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Then, we explore how three classes of photosynthetic organisms—purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and green plants—optimize their light-harvesting apparatuses to their particular environment. Overall, research has shown that photosynthetic energy transfer is robust to changing environmental conditions, with each organism utilizing its own strategies to optimize photon capture in its particular biological niche.

Disease severity assessment tools play a large part in evaluating skin conditions in dermatology. Currently, there is no existing validated assessment tool for keratosis pilaris (KP), a benign yet highly prevalent follicular disorder. A range of proposed scoring tools have been used in different clinical trials for the assessment of potential treatments for KP. A literature review of the current scoring systems used for KP shows that there is a lack of consistency with most studies using varying versions of unvalidated investigator global assessment (IGA) scores and quartile grading systems. A review of these studies shows that current methods of evaluating KP in clinical trials are subjective, unreliable, and inconsistent. A standardised and validated scoring system would be significant as it could be used in clinical trials to advance the current knowledge of KP.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic illness that impacts pediatric populations. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to better understand adult perceptions of their experiences leading up to their diagnosis of ME/CFS. METHOD: Patients provided data regarding symptoms of ME/CFS they may have experienced during childhood through a popular community blog forum, with participants interacting via blog comments in real-time and across various geographical locations. RESULTS: Descriptive analyses indicated that roughly 43% of adult survey participants reported having developed ME/CFS prior to age 18. A standard content analysis of patient blog commentary revealed several themes, such as poor mental health, family pattern/history, healthy childhood preceding sick adulthood, feeling misunderstood, lack of clarity until adulthood, sharing of resources, poor school functioning, isolation/poor social supports, and coping mechanisms. CONCLUSION: There are unique benefits and insights that can be used by investigators who collaborate with patient organizations as a means of better understanding ME/CFS illness severity, presentation, and lived experiences.

Communication using technology is commonplace for adolescents, with numerous advancements in this area. However, such advancements have given rise to new forms of abusive behaviours, such as the use of technology to control, harass, stalk and abuse dating partners. The aim of this review was to elucidate the risk factors for technology assisted abuse in adolescents (TAADA). A Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was conducted to identify risk factors and characteristics of technology assisted adolescent dating abuse perpetrators. 18 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were quality appraised. Narrative synthesis was used to review data and identify common factors. Factors that were found to contribute towards perpetration of TAADA included: being a victim of adverse childhood experiences (ACE’s); holding attitudes which normalised violence and TAADA; experiencing feelings of jealousy and insecurity; engaging in other non-TAADA risk behaviours such as aggression and substance misuse; family attachments; and peer networks. Differences in types of perpetration behaviour were noted between males and females, with this warranting further investigation. Understanding risk factors specific to TAADA for adolescents is relevant to professionals who are responsible for the assessment and risk management of perpetrators and provides information regarding possible treatment targets. Recommendations for policy and practice are provided.

Home health aides are paid professionals who provide long-term care to an expanding population of adults who need it. However, aides' work is often unrecognized by the broader caregiving team despite being in demand and crucial to care---an invisibility reinforced by ill-suited technological tools. In order to understand the invisible work aides perform and its relationship to technology design, we interviewed 13 aides employed by home care agencies in New York City. These aides shared examples that demonstrated the intertwined nature of both types of invisible work (i.e., emotions- and systems-based) and expanded the sociological mechanisms of invisibility (i.e., sociocultural, sociolegal, sociospatial) to include the sociotechnical. Through these findings, we investigate the opportunities, tensions, and challenges that could inform the design of tools created for these important, but often overlooked, frontline caregivers.

Home care workers (HCWs) provide essential care in patients' homes but are often underappreciated and work in stressful and isolated environments with diverse and intersecting support needs. This paper describes a computer-mediated peer support program that centers around sharing circles: spaces for personal, narrative storytelling to encourage HCWs to collaboratively reflect on their home care experiences and build rapport and shared identity with their peers. We describe the design of this program and a 12-week deployment that we conducted to evaluate the program with 42 HCWs in New York City. Our findings show that participants engaged in multiple types of peer support including emotional validation, learning how to navigate the workplace and patient care, defining and enabling good home care praxis, and building understanding around purpose and identity as HCWs. We discuss how these findings inform the design of technology and use of holistic pedagogies, such as storytelling, to enable this support in computer-mediated peer support programs. Such programs can help researchers and practitioners interested in addressing diverse needs that occur in intersectional contexts, such as that of HCWs and other marginalized populations.

In this paper, we present the results of a study that examines the role of data in nonprofit advocacy work. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 individuals who play critical roles in the data work of 18 different advocacy organizations. Our analysis reveals five key stakeholders in advocacy data work-beneficiaries, policymakers, funding and partner organizations, gatekeepers, and local publics. It also contributes a framework of four functions of data work in nonprofit organizations-data as amplifier, activator, legitimizer, and incubator. We characterize the challenges in data work that exist, particularly in widespread attempts to reappropriate data work across functions. These challenges in reappropriation are often rooted in participants' effects to enact data feminist principles from the margins of the data economy. Finally, we discuss how nonprofit institutions operate outside of the dominant data work goals known as the three Ss (surveillance, selling, and science) and propose a fourth S, social good, that is working to challenge the norms of the data economy and should be considered in research regarding the data economy moving forward.