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One of the ways to interface electrodes to neurons is a regenerative electrode. The electrode is between the two cut end of a nerve. The cut nerve fiber regenerates through a metalized hold electrode in a two-dimensional (2D) planar of regenerative electrode. As this type of electrode has advantages enabling both the recording of signals of a single nerve fiber and the stimulation of a single nerve fiber, attempts have been made to develop it using traditional 2D microfabrication techniques. However, these traditional 2D techniques have made it difficult to process such electrodes, in particular, electrical wires that have a high density and an integrated structure. In this study, we developed a novel microfabrication method that enables three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures to be fabricated that are made of several kinds of materials with focused-ion-beam chemical-vapor deposition (FIB-CVD). To demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, we designed and fabricated a modified type of regenerative...

The reverse reaction of penicillin acylase was utilized to synthesize clinically useful penicillins or cephalosporins