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In research settings in the Eastern Gangetic Plain, Conservation Agriculture (CA) reduces operational costs, including cost for machinery, labour and fuel, while increasing yields, profit and soil organic carbon. However, the impact of the CA practices when adopted by smallholder farms on their crop productivity and farm profitability in this region is not well understood. In three locations in Rajshahi and Thakurgaon districts, Bangladesh, where previous on-farm CA research and demonstrations had been focused, we assessed the adoption and impacts of CA technologies on 135 farms compared to 270 non-adopters. While the CA technology adoption is still ongoing in the study areas, those farmers who practiced CA technology decreased human labour by up to 34%, seed use by 31%, fertilisers by 6%, pesticides by 32%, and total cost of production up to 10% while cultivating lentil, mustard, maize and wheat. The respective increases in crop yield and net profit were up to 28% and 43%, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) methods further confirmed that CA technology adoption had significant impacts by increasing crop yield, reducing variable costs, and increasing adopters’ net income. Given the striking on-farm benefits of CA for smallholders in the EGP, programmes to expand the availability of minimum tillage planters, provide training to local service providers on CA methods, and the use of smart incentives should be evaluated to assist farmers to adopt CA seeding machinery and associated agronomic practices.

Pathways by which the biopolymer lignin is broken down by soil microbes could be used to engineer new biocatalytic routes from lignin to renewable chemicals, but are currently not fully understood.

Lignin oxidation by bacterial dye-decolorizing peroxidase enzymes requires hydrogen peroxide as a co-substrate, an unstable and corrosive oxidant.

Rainfall is the main contributor to provide soil moisture for rainfed rice (Transplanted Aman) cultivation. The aim of the study was to investigate the seed quality of different transplanted Aman rice cultivars that are influenced by rainfed during ripening phases. For this, several experiments have been performed during the transplanted Aman season of 2014, 2015, and 2016 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. Two planting dates and three rice varieties were used in the treatment, and the treatments were organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. T. Aman rice received huge rainfall up to vegetative phage resulting no irrigation demand in all three tested years. In all the parameters of yield and yield components, the association between planting dates and variety was not significant. Also the relationship between planting dates and variety did not greatly affect the germination percentage, seedling vigor index, high density grain shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Sixteen august planting produced a greater number of tillers m-2, panicles m-2, grain panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain and straw yield in the case of yield and yield components. While, the 1000-grain weight of panicles m-2, grain panicle-1, was greatly influenced by the variety. The highest 1000 grain weight and grain yield were produced by BRRI dhan46. The SVI, HDG percent, SDW and RDW were greatly influenced by planting dates in terms of seed quality. All of these criteria were higher for planting on 16 August than for planting on 12 September. Early transplanting received more rainfall in reproductive phase than late planting. Varieties were greatly influenced by all the seed quality parameters. BRRI dhan46 received the highest GM percent, SVI, HDG percent, SDW and RDW. Specific suitable transplanting dates were selected considering minimum irrigation at reproductive phage and maximun seed quality and grain yield. Delay in transplanting demanded more irrigation and reduced seed quality and grain yield.

The study was conducted to estimate the mean performance, genetic parameters along with traits association and path coefficients from data collected on 48 Transplanted Aman (T. Aman) rice landraces. In mean performance, Manik Digha, Goirol, Jesso Balam, Dal Katra, Chinri Gushi, Indrasail, Sunadiga, Bad Kalamkati, Raj Mondal and Blue Stick were found as elite landraces. High heritability along with genetic advance (GA) and genetic advance in per cent of mean (GAMP) was observed for basal leaf width, plant height, culm length, filled grain/panicle, unfilled grain/panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, test weight, grain length, grain breadth, decorticated grain length breadth ratio and yield showed high genetic advance that helped in effective and reliable selection through these characters for crop improvement. A positive and significant association was found for filled grain per panicle, days to flowering, days to maturity, grain length and decorticated grain length breadth ratio with yield/hill at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Though days to maturity and decorticated grain length breadth ratio have a negative direct effect on yield but made the total association positive and significant. Filled grain/panicle, days to flower and grain length have a positive direct effect on yield and made the total association positive and significant. Yield had significant (***p

A study was undertaken during 2008-2009, 2009-2010 and 2010-11 cropping seasons to isolate the variability(s) of Streptomyces spp. from lesion of common scab affected potato tubers in the Northern parts of Bangladesh (Rangpur division). There were twelve different pathogenic species isolated, which were different for colony colour, spore colour, spore ornamentation, spore chain morphology, other physiological characteristics (temperature, pH, melanin production, colour secret in oatmeal broth medium, carbon utilization and growth response in NaCl solution) and pathogenic reaction. Overall all collected isolates grow well within temperature range of 25°C to 30°C. In the present investigation, it was observed that isolates S2 and S11 could grow at pH 4.50. It was found that the growth of isolates increased as the pH value of medium increased. Considering all the characteristics of different isolates, isolate S5 agreed with the description of S. scabies having smooth, grey spores borne in spiral chains, producing melanin and utilizing eight recommended ISP diagnostic sugars with raffinose as a sole source of carbon. Rest eleven isolates could not identify.

A field experiment was conducted at the West Byde of BRRI farm, Gazipur during T. Aman and Boro, 2021-22 season to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed mechanical rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator. Five treatments in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Field experiments was conducted on silty clay loam soil in Gazipur. Individual plot size was 8m×5m with 30 cm buffer zone. The treatments were T1 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer (Urea, TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T2 = Mechanical transplanting along with 80% fertilizer (80% Urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T3 = Mechanical transplanting along with 70% fertilizer (70% urea and 100% TSP, MoP and Gypsum) deep placement, T4 = Mechanical transplanting along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum fertilizer as basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T5 = Hand transplanting of same seedling of rice transplanter along with 100% fertilizer hand broadcasting (TSP, MoP and Gypsum in basal dose and urea fertilizer in three split) and T6 = BRRI recommended practice. In this experiment, BRRI dhan89 and BRRI dhan92 was used in T. Aman and Boro seasons, respectively. In the field, saving percentage of urea fertilizer varied from 25% to 28% against the calibration of 30% of urea saving due to the variation of the machine, operational speed and more penetration of the driving wheel during operation. It was found that grain yield was varied with the mode and rate of urea fertilizer application. Mechanical transplanting along with urea fertilizer deep placement (80% of recommended dose) gave significantly higher yield compared to manual transplanting and hand broadcasting of urea. Mechanical transplanting along with deep placement of urea fertilizer is a promising technology for rice farmers in Bangladesh. Manual transplanting is tedious and time consuming as a result mechanical transplanting is seen as a solution of labor problems. No significant differences among the treatments was found in growth parameters. Significant variations were recorded in case of yield. BRRI recommended practice and mechanical transplanting with 80% urea with other fertilizers were produced very similar grain yield. From these results, it might be said that mechanical transplanting with 80% urea fertilizer is recommended with BRRI recommended hand transplanting practice. Urea saving is additional benefit with time savings and low transplanting cost when transplanted with rice transplanter cum fertilizer applicator.

This case control study on correlation between maternal factors and the risk of low birth weight were done at RPMCH, Rangpur from January 2010 to April 2010. This study was carried out on 100 LBW babies irrespective of their gestational age to identify the various risk factors related to LBW. Another 100 normal birth weight babies were studied as control. This study showed that 65% of LBW babies were preterm and 35% were term LBW and the mean weight, length and OFC of LBW babies were 1450 gm, 42cm and 29.05cm respectively. The mean gestational age of LBW babies in this study was 34 weeks. The incidence of male LBW babies were higher. Young mothers (less than 20 years) and primipara were responsible for 37% and 40% deliveries of LBW babies. Maternal body weight (below 40 kg) was responsible for 59% of LBW deliveries in contrast to only 28% in the control group of NBW babies. This difference was highly significant (p

بعد حوالي عقدين من تبني نظرية شمولية للأمن الأردني، جاءت الدراسة لتقيس إلمام من يشغلون مناصب ضمن المستوى التشغيلي في الهرم الوظيفي لمديرية الأمن العام بفلسفة العمل الشرطي الشامل والتحديات الأكثر تأثيرًا في تطبيقها لتحقيق أبعاد الأمن الشامل من خلال تحليل الأطر الإستراتيجية الناظمة لعمل مديرية الأمن العام؛ ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اُستخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم تصميم استبانة وتوزيعها على عينة الدراسة بأكملها البالغ حجمها (150) مفردة. ولتحليل البيانات تم استخدام المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن مفهوم شمولية الأمن متجذرٌ في السياق الأردني، وتتّبِع مديرية الأمن العام الأردني نهج الشُرطة الموجهّة نحو خدمة المجتمع. وبناءً على نتائج الدراسة، فقد تم صياغة عددٍ من التوصيات من أهمها ضرورة تأطير إسهامات المجتمع وقطاعاته الرسمية وغير الرسمية في برامج الوقاية من الجريمة ومكافحتها من خلال تطوير نهج الأمن المجتمعي، ومراجعة آليات تطوير برامج القيادات الوسطى والعليا في مديرية الأمن العام لتشمل موضوعات ترتبط بالنظريات الشرطية وتطبيقاتها.

In many real-world applications, the data to be used in a control charting method are not crisp since they are approximated due to environmental uncertainties, In these situations, fuzzy numbers and linguistic variables are used to grab such uncertainties. That is why the use of a fuzzy control chart, in which fuzzy data are used, is justified. As an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is usually used to detect small shifts, in this paper a fuzzy EWMA (F-EWMA) control chart is proposed to detect small shifts in the process mean when fuzzy data are available. As well as The fuzzy regression control chart which is a functional technique to evaluate the process in which the average has a trend and the data represents a linguistic or approximate value. In this paper, the application of fuzzy logic in statistical quality control have been done by plotting fuzzy EWMA chart and Fuzzy linear regression model control chart depending on a suggested algorithm prepared for this purpose, as well as the theoretical structure of the “a-level fuzzy midrange for a-cut fuzzy -regression control chart” is proposed for triangular membership functions and applying that to the chemical analysis data of a water component, Total Dissolved Solid ( TDS) in water from the KANY Factory to detect small shifts in the process means, the data contains three groups (TDS-a, TDS-b, TDS-c), for 24 days each day containing 5 hour data, as shown in Table (1) The comparison showed that the fuzzy linear regression model Control chart is a good technique and more suitable, accuracy, sensitivity than the traditional linear regression model Control chart.

Background: Various medicinal plants have much efficacious value as treatment of many fatal conditions including cancer. Kigelia africana has known therapeutic efficacy in different ailments and has been used as traditional medicine since ages. Aim: To evaluate anticancer property of any drug or plant extract including HepG2 cell line. Methodology: Anticancer activity of n-hexane and ethanolic extracts of Kigelia africana was checked. IC50 was evaluated via MTT assay, crystal violet assay was performed to check the viability of cells and trypan blue assay to count dead cells. Furthermore, muse analysis was performed using count and viability kit to count total living as well non-living cells. Results: Cancer cells of HepG2 cell line showed reduced viability and proliferation with increased apoptosis when treated with Kigelia extracts. Conclusion: Many drugs have been proved as anticancer but with severe side effects. Thus, phytoextracts have been tested in this study to evaluate their anti-cancer activity so minimize the side effect. Kigelia africana extracts were found to be effective against liver cancer cells. Keyword: Kigelia africana, HepG2, MTT, liver cancer, anticancer drug, plant based drugs.

In the process of review for assessing a piece of work, agreement or consensus among reviewers is vital to review quality. As classroom peer assessments are undertaken by naive peers, disagreement among peer assessors can confuse the assessees and lead them to question the review process. Although there are methods like inter-rater reliability (IRR) to measure disagreement in summative feedback, in the authors' knowledge, there is no method for finding disagreements within formative feedback. It may take more time and effort for the instructor to review the feedback to find disagreements than it would to simply perform an expert review without involving peer assessors. An automated method can help locate disagreements among reviewers. In this work, we used a clustering algorithm and NLP techniques to find disagreement in formative feedback. As the review comments are related by context and semantics, we implemented a semi-supervised approach to fine-tune the SentenceTransformer model to capture the context and semantics-based relation among the review texts, which in turn improved the comment clustering performance.

Various growth regulators have been used to improve the quality of different fruit crops. Foliar spray of macro and micronutrients play an important role in vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality. In the present study, the influence of foliar application of growth regulators and nutrients on fruit splitting and fruit quality was evaluated. For that purpose, Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and Boric acid (H3BO3) at the rate of 40 ppm, 1% and 0.3% were used respectively. Spray of chemicals were applied in 2nd and 8th week from full bloom to yield in pomegranate cultivar ‘Golden pearl’. The experiment was designed under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) comprised with seven treatments and replicated thrice. Fruit splitting was reduced (48.68%) significantly with application of KNO3 + Boric acid, while maximum fruit size (60.26 cm2), fruit weight (84gm), fruit grain weight (136.38gm), total soluble solid (TSS) 12.52% and yield (21.9kg/plant) were observed in KNO3 + Boric acid. Moreover, peel weight was increased in control (60.66 gm) and minimum was observed in 48.62 gm in KNO3 + Boric acid. Finally, it is concluded KNO3 %+ Boric acid reveled best results against fruit splitting % and other fruit quality parameters. These findings show that application of KNO3+ Boric acid significantly influences fruit quality of pomegranate when fruit are in the beginning stages of growth and development.

Context To achieve maximum growth and decrease fattening periods farmers tend to use a high concentrate diet in the total mixed ration (TMR). A larger particle size of straw may increase the concentrate level in the TMR and improve the performance without affecting the rumen health of lambs. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical form (PF) and wheat straw levels (SL) in the diet on growth performance, rumen health, and carcass characteristics of lambs. Methods Thirty-two male Lohi lambs (31.5 ± 2.5 kg, age 6–7 months) were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two physical forms [pelleted, conventional mashed] and two levels of straw (15% and 25%). The experiment lasted for 16 weeks including 2 weeks for dietary adaptation, 13 weeks for growth data collection, and 1 week for digestibility. Key results Lambs fed pelleted and 15% straw diets had greater dry matter intake than those offered mashed and 25% straw diets. Lambs fed 15% pelleted straw TMR displayed a greater final bodyweight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency than the other treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were higher in lambs fed on the pelleted and 15% straw diets compared to those fed on the mashed and the 25% straw diets. However, neutral detergent fibre digestibility was higher in the lambs fed 15% straw than those fed 25% straw diets. Lambs fed pelleted and 15% straw diets had longer papillae (P

Cauliflower is cultivated all around the world for its high nutritional value. In Pakistan, there is dire need to optimize the nutritional supplementation of cauliflower. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to see the impact of NPK and sulphur on growth, yield and chlorophyll contents of cauliflower. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design having ten treatments replicated thrice. The experiment was consisted of five levels of NPK (13:17:17, 15:18:18, 16:18:18, 16:19:19 and 20:20:20) in combination with two sulphur levels (20g, 40g) and a control treatment (NPK 0:0:0) without sulphur having three replications. The results revealed that highest values of observed attributes i.e plant height (54.06 cm), numbers of leaves per plant (19.93), leaf area (10.93 cm2), foliage fresh weight (36.4 g), foliage dry weight (18.48 g), curd size (10.93 cm) and curd weight (839.84 g) were observed in (16:19:19) NPK in combination with 40 gplant-1 sulphur. While, minimum values were noted in control treatment. However, minimum days to curd formation (51.53) was observed in NPK (16:19:19) in combination with the sulphur (40 gplant-1). Chlorophyll contents (1.98 CCi), total soluble solids (13.13 oBrix) and vitamin C (56.81 mg100 g-1) were maximum in the treatment (16:19:19) NPK along with 40 gplant-1 sulphur. From this study, it is concluded that treatment (NPK 16:19:19 + Sulphur 40 g/plant) is the best optimal dose for the higher growth and production of cauliflower.

Aims: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance growth by making plant nutrients available to plants under a variety of growing conditions. The study was designed to screen zinc (Zn) solubilizing rhizobacteria and test their colonization ability in the rice rhizosphere. Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were conducted in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, from January 2019 to July 2019. Methodology: Initially, thirty-two previously isolated rhizobacteria were used for screening Zn solubilizing ability under a solid medium. Selected rhizobacteria from previous screening were used to quantify Zn solubilization in broth culture and evaluate their root colonization in rice using water agar media in a growth chamber. Early seedling growth was monitored for two weeks, and root-shoot lengths were recorded. Eleven of the tested rhizobacteria responded positively to ZnO-containing media. Results: The Zn solubilizing index (ZSI) of the positive isolates ranged between 1.08-2.25 after 5 days of incubation. Isolate MQ1 solubilized the highest Zn both in solid medium (ZSI=2.25) and culture broth (solubilized 220.20 ppm Zn). The colonization of bacteria in the root zone was also investigated via bio-primed rice seeds of Binadhan-20. Eight of 11 isolates (MQ1, MQ2, MQ3, MQ4, OSbr5, OSbr6, EC1, and MQL9) showed substantial colonization in the rhizosphere after two weeks. The germination percentage of bio-primed seeds was not increased over the control, however, in most cases, bio-priming boasted early seedling growth. The OSbr5, OSbr6, and MQ6 isolates were superior performers in case of root and shoot growth. Conclusion: The study identified some Zn solubilizing isolates, revealed their root colonizing ability, and observed early plant growth promotion. These isolates could be used as a potential tool for the Zn biofortification approach in rice.

BackgroundThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) p.Thr790Met (T790M) mutation was discovered as a resistance mechanism in patients with lung cancer treated with first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Further studies revealed the EGFR T790M mutation in treatment-naive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and as a rare germline mutation strongly associated with NSCLC. Somatic EGFR T790M mutations have been reported in a limited population of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. There are no previous reports of a germline EGFR T790M mutation found in a patient with breast cancer.Case presentationWe present a rare case of a 42-year-old woman with a rapidly progressing 8 cm mass in the right lateral breast. An additional right breast mass with multiple lymph nodes characteristic or suspicious of metastasis was found. Ultrasound-guided biopsy showed high-grade, poorly differentiated invasive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the right breast and metastatic carcinoma of a right axillary lymph node. Genetic testing revealed a germline EGFR T790M mutation. The patient underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, right mastectomy with lymph node dissection, adjuvant radiation to the right chest wall and axilla, and adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionThis is the first reported case of a patient with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer and a germline EGFR T790M mutation. Further investigation is needed to find a possible correlation between the cancer in this patient and her mutation. Since there are no current guidelines, further research is also needed to define screening protocols for patients with germline EGFR T790M mutations. Additional treatment options and cancer risk could also be found with further research, which would benefit all patients with a germline EGFR T790M mutation.

MIDD0301 is being developed as an oral drug to relax airway smooth muscle and reduce lung inflammation in asthma. We report a comparative study of MIDD0301 and its S isomer (MIDD0301S) and found that the compounds have equivalent affinity for GABA(A)R expressed in rat brain, with IC(50) values of 25.1 nM and 26.3 nM for the S and R enantiomers, respectively. Both compounds relaxed substance P contracted airway smooth muscle within 30 min and neither enantiomer revealed affinity to 48 receptors in an off-target screen. Both enantiomers reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) with nebulized and oral dosing in two mouse models of bronchoconstriction. In A/J mice, which are very sensitive to methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, we observed reduction of AHR at 10.8 mg/kg MIDD0301 and 15 mg/kg MIDD0301S. Using oral administration, 100 mg/kg/day for three days of either enantiomer was sufficient to reduce AHR. In a model of severe airway inflammation induced by INFγ and LPS, we observed reduction of AHR at 7.2 mg/kg for both enantiomers using nebulized administration and at 100 mg/kg for oral administration. MIDD0301 and MIDD0301S did not undergo phase I metabolism. Glucuronidation was observed for both compounds, whereas only MIDD0301 formed the corresponding glucoside in the presence of kidney microsomes. Pharmacokinetic analysis identified glucuronides as the major metabolite with concentrations up to 20-fold more than the parent compound. MIDD0301 glucuronide and MIDD0301 taurine bind GABA(A)Rs, although 10-fold weaker than MIDD0301. In mouse blood, the taurine adduct was only observed for MIDD0301. Overall, both compounds exhibited similar receptor binding and pharmacodynamic properties with subtle differences in metabolism and greater oral availability and blood concentrations of MIDD0301S.

Histone acetylation is a prominent epigenetic modification linked to the memory loss symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disease. The use of existing histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) drugs for treatment is precluded by their weak blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and undesirable toxicity. Here, we address these shortcomings by developing a new class of disulfide-based compounds, inspired by the scaffold of the FDA-approved HDACi romidepsin (FK288). Our findings indicate that our novel compound MJM-1 increases the overall level of histone 3 (H3) acetylation in a prostate cancer cell line. In mice, MJM-1 injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) crossed the BBB and could be detected in the hippocampus, a brain region that mediates memory. Consistent with this finding, we found that the post-training i.p. administration of MJM-1 enhanced hippocampus-dependent spatial memory consolidation in male mice. Therefore, MJM-1 represents a potential lead for further optimization as a therapeutic strategy for ameliorating cognitive deficits in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Anomaly detection from Big Cybersecurity Datasets is very important; however, this is a very challenging and computationally expensive task. Feature selection (FS) is an approach to remove irrelevant and redundant features and select a subset of features, which can improve the machine learning algorithms’ performance. In fact, FS is an effective preprocessing step of anomaly detection techniques. This article’s main objective is to improve and quantify the accuracy and scalability of both supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection techniques. In this effort, a novel anomaly detection approach using FS, called Anomaly Detection Using Feature Selection (ADUFS), has been introduced. Experimental analysis was performed on five different benchmark cybersecurity datasets with and without feature selection and the performance of both supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection techniques were investigated. The experimental results indicate that instead of using the original dataset, a dataset with a reduced number of features yields better performance in terms of true positive rate (TPR) and false positive rate (FPR) than the existing techniques for anomaly detection. For example, with FS, a supervised anomaly detection technique, multilayer perception increased the TPR by over 200% and decreased the FPR by about 97% for the KDD99 dataset. Similarly, with FS, an unsupervised anomaly detection technique, local outlier factor increased the TPR by more than 40% and decreased the FPR by 15% and 36% for Windows 7 and NSL-KDD datasets, respectively. In addition, all anomaly detection techniques require less computational time when using datasets with a suitable subset of features rather than entire datasets. Furthermore, the performance results have been compared with six other state-of-the-art techniques based on a decision tree (J48).

We provide a number of sharp inequalities involving the usual operator norms of Hilbert space operators and powers of the numerical radii. Based on the traditional convexity inequalities for nonnegative real numbers and some generalize earlier numerical radius inequalities, operator. Precisely, we prove that if $\A_i,\B_i,\X_i\in\bh$ ($i=1,2,\cdots,n$), $m\in\N$, $p,q>1$ with $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1$ and $\phi$ and $\psi$ are non-negative functions on $[0,\infty)$ which are continuous such that $\phi(t)\psi(t)=t$ for all $t \in [0,\infty)$, then \begin{equation*} w^{2r}\bra{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\X_i\A_i^m\B_i}\leq \frac{n^{2r-1}}{m}\sum_{j=1}^{m}\norm{\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{1}{p}S_{i,j}^{pr}+\frac{1}{q}T_{i,j}^{qr}}-r_0\inf_{\norm{x}=1}\rho(\xi), \end{equation*} where $r_0=\min\{\frac{1}{p},\frac{1}{q}\}$, $S_{i,j}=\X_i\phi^2\bra{\abs{\A_i^{j*}}}\X_i^*$, $T_{i,j}=\bra{\A_i^{m-j}\B_i}^*\psi^2\bra{\abs{\A_i^j}}\A_i^{m-j}\B_i$ and $$\rho(x)=\frac{n^{2r-1}}{m}\sum_{j=1}^{m}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\bra{\seq{S_{i,j}^r\xi,\xi}^{\frac{p}{2}}-\seq{T_{i,j}^r\xi,\xi}^{\frac{q}{2}}}^2.$$, Comment: No comments

The goal of this work is to characterize preservation technique for deteriorating items in order to lessen the rate of deterioration. This study looks at a degrading inventory model with time-dependent demand that is a quadratic function of time. The rate of degradation in this model is determined by deterministic deterioration, which is a quadratic function of time. The main objective is to determine the effect of preservation technology for deteriorating items where the demand function is time variable and analyze the significance of preservation technology. The major goal of this article is to look at the inventory model's minimum cost per unit time. With the help of a numerical example, the results are validated. The ideal solution is subjected to a sensitivity analysis with regard to several parameters. Finally, a graph depicts the behavior of the relationship between parameters and total inventory cost.

Background: MIDD0301 is an oral asthma drug candidate that binds GABAA receptors on airway smooth muscle and immune cells. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify and quantify MIDD0301 metabolites in vitro and in vivo and determine the pharmacokinetics of oral, IP, and IV administered MIDD0301. Methods: In vitro conversion of MIDD0301 was performed using liver and kidney microsomes/S9 fractions followed by quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A LC-MS/MS method was developed using synthesized standards to quantify MIDD0301 and its metabolites in urine and feces. Blood, lung, and brain were harvested from animals that received MIDD0301 by oral, IP, and IV administration, followed by LCMS/ MS quantification. Imaging mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate the presence of MIDD0301 in the lung after oral administration. Results: MIDD0301 is stable in the presence of liver and kidney microsomes and S9 fractions for at least two hours. MIDD0301 undergoes conversion to the corresponding glucuronide and glucoside in the presence of conjugating cofactors. For IP and IV administration, unconjugated MIDD0301 together with significant amounts of MIDD0301 glucoside and MIDD0301 taurine were found in urine and feces. Less conjugation was observed following oral administration, with MIDD0301 glucuronide being the main metabolite. Pharmacokinetic quantification of MIDD0301 in blood, lung, and brain showed very low levels of MIDD0301 in the brain after oral, IV, or IP administration. The drug half-life in these tissues ranged between 4-6 hours for IP and oral and 1-2 hours for IV administration. Imaging mass spectrometry demonstrated that orally administered MIDD0301 distributes uniformly in the lung parenchyma. Conclusion: MIDD0301 undergoes no phase I and moderate phase II metabolism.

The good photovoltaic (PV) properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and silicon (Si) can be used combinedly as a potential route for enhancing the efficiency of CZTS solar cell. In this work, a bilayer CZTS/Si absorber structure is presented to replace the conventional single CZTS absorber layer based solar cell. The numerical tool SCAPS-1D is utilized first to validate the structure with the help of J-V characteristics, generation rate, quantum efficiency and band diagrams. A similar tool is used afterwards to optimize the proposed structure considering different parameters such as layer thickness, defect density, carrier concentration and operating temperature. The highest yielded efficiency of the bilayer structure is 18.30% (VOC = 0.883 V, JSC = 25.90 mA/cm2). The thickness of both CZTS and Si layers are optimized and its effect on the performance parameters are discussed. The p-type doping concentrations of both layers are studied for the suitable range and optimized. Also, the electric field at the CZTS/Si interface is estimated. Next, the defect state density and operating temperature are varied to see the solar cell performances. The studied results provide a clear indication of the performance improvement of the CZTS solar cell using the bilayer CZTS/Si absorber structure.

The effect of artificial lighting in order to enhance day length for off-season dragon fruit production was examined for the first time in Bangladesh. A two factorial experiment was conducted at dragon fruit orchard of Agricultural Research Station, Pahartali, Khulshi, Chattogram to find out the best lighting duration and bulb for off-season dragon fruit production. Two factors were bulb and lighting duration for this experiment. The performance 6 hours lighting duration was significantly superior than other treatments in case of bud/pillar (43.80), fruit/pillar (43.80), fruit length (9.31 cm), fruit breadth (8.5 cm), individual fruit weight (344.62 g), yield (16.58 t/ha). 100 W IB having light intensity 225.96 lux showed superior performance over other treatments in case of bud/ pillar (49.44), fruit/pillar (34.56), fruit length (9.54), fruit weight (336.99 g), TSS (9.28%), yield (18.13 t/ha). The treatment combination (100 W IB for 6 hrs lighting) produced the highest number of fruit/ pillar (36.33), bud/pillar (54.00), fruit length (9.66 cm), fruit breadth (8.99 cm), yield/ pillar (12.41 kg) and yield (19.85 t/ha).In control dragon fruit was unable to produce flowering due to short day length. So artificial lighting of 6 hrs with 100 W IB from 18 pm to 24 am was superior method for off-season dragon fruit production.

The study evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) in altering growth performance, viscera development and intestinal microarchitecture in broilers. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 175) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 25/group) with 5 replicates (n = 5). The chicks in the control groups were fed a corn-soya-based basal diet, whereas groups 2 - 4 had the same basal diets supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% ethanolic leaf extracts (ELE), respectively. Chicks in groups 5 - 7 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% ethanolic root extracts (ERE) of C. roseus, respectively. The growth performance and feed conversion ratio remained unchanged, but feed consumption of birds supplemented with 0.1% ERE increased in weeks 1 and 3. The relative length of the small intestine was lower in the 0.05% ERE group compared with the control. Villus height, width, surface area, and lamina propria thickness were higher in the 0.1% ERE group in all three segments of the small intestine than in the control. Broilers supplemented with 0.1% ERE performed better in terms of feed consumption and improved intestinal microarchitecture of the small intestine.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern. DM has been increasing alarmingly among the young people and childhood-onset has now become an emerging issue worldwide. Unlike other chronic diseases, DM requires constant and active attention of the patients, sometimes of their family members for successful management of this disease. Knowledge, attitude, and practices make significant differences at the population level, which largely depend on socioeconomic status, area of residence, level of education, and other socio-demographic attributes. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among secondary school students in grades 6 through 10 attending schools in 18 districts of Bangladesh. A total of 2009 students were enrolled for the study from the selected schools and madrasas from Bengali, English, and Arabic medium. The majority of responders (79.34%) reported that they had heard of diabetes, however, only 45% knew that diabetes can cause blood glucose levels to rise. Among different therapeutic options, only 15% of students had heard the name of metformin, while 56.2% were familiar with insulin. English medium students were significantly more likely to have good knowledge than the Bangla medium students (19.31%, OR: 1. 44; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.95). Respondents of semi-urban (19.66%, OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.36) and urban (18.47%, OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.86) areas were more likely to have good knowledge than rural areas. Of the respondents, 20.61% did not know of any diabetic treatment options. Only a small percentage of students (11%) attended any diabetes education classes and 10.7% of students followed any recommended diabetes prevention methods. Knowledge, attitude, and practice related to diabetes were found to have been influenced by socioeconomic factors, societal practices, and behavioral patterns. This is the first nationwide research study in Bangladesh among secondary school students to study knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes. With a focus on Bangladesh's youthful population, this study sought to provide an informational framework that can be supportive for effective intervention to increase knowledge of diabetes and its implications.