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Background and Purpose Randomized trials proved the benefits of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for select patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) within 24 hours of last-known-well (LKW). Recent data suggest that LVO patients may benefit from MT beyond 24 hours. This study reports the safety and outcomes of MT beyond 24 hours of LKW compared to standard medical therapy (SMT).Methods This is a retrospective analysis of LVO patients presented to 11 comprehensive stroke centers in the United States beyond 24 hours from LKW between January 2015 and December 2021. We assessed 90-day outcomes using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).Results Of 334 patients presented with LVO beyond 24 hours, 64% received MT and 36% received SMT only. Patients who received MT were older (67±15 vs. 64±15 years, P=0.047) and had a higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; 16±7 vs.10±9, PP=0.19). MT was associated with mRS 0–2 at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.73, P=0.026), less mortality (34% vs. 63%, PPPP=0.017), Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECTS) score ≥8 (aOR 3.06, P=0.041), and collaterals scores (aOR 1.41, P=0.027) were associated with 90-day functional independence.Conclusion In patients with salvageable brain tissue, MT for LVO beyond 24 hours appears to improve outcomes compared to SMT, especially in patients with severe strokes. Patients’ age, ASPECTS, collaterals, and baseline NIHSS score should be considered before discounting MT merely based on LKW.

Zinc molybdate nanoparticles with molybdate are synthesized through green method with different salt precursors using Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Those nanoparticles had structural, vibrational, and morphological properties, which were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystalline size of synthesized zinc molybdate was 24.9 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) clearly showed the attachment of molybdate with ZnO. The synthesized nanomaterial was also characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy which had 4.40 eV band gap energy. Those nanoparticles were also characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) and photoluminance spectroscopy (PL). ZnMoO4 had photocatalytic property via methylene blue dye. After 190 minutes, the dye changed to colourless from blue colour. The degradation efficiency was around 92.8%. It also showed their antibacterial effect via Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureus bacterial strains. In the presence of light and air, nanoparticles of ZnMoO4 inhibit the growth of cells of E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains because of ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation. Because of the formation of singlet oxygen ( O 2 ∗ − ), hydrogen oxide radical ( − O H ∗ ), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ZnMoO4 showed photodegradation reaction against aq. solution of methylene blue dye at 6 pH with constant time interval. With time, the activity of ZnMoO4 also decreased because of the generation of a layer of hydrogen oxide (-OH) on nanomaterial surface, which could be washed with ethanol and distilled water. After drying, the catalytic Zinc molybdate nanoparticles could be reused again in the next catalytic reaction.

The deep fake faces generation using generative adversarial networks (GANs) has reached an incredible level of realism where people can’t differentiate the real from the fake. Text-to-face is a very challenging task compared to other text-to-image syntheses because of the detailed, precise, and complex nature of the human faces in addition to the textual description details. Providing an accurate realistic text-to-image model can be useful for many applications such as criminal identification where the model will be acting as the forensic artist. This paper presents text-to-image generation based on attention dynamic memory (AttnDM-GAN) and dynamic memory attention (DMAttn-GAN) that are applied to different datasets with an analysis that shows the different complexity of different datasets’ categories, the quality of the datasets, and their effect on the results of the resolution and consistency of the generated images.

Applying fertilizer nitrogen (N) only when a crop response is predicted may enhance use efficiency and profitability while protecting the environment. The crop response index at harvest (RI-harvest, the ratio of the maximum grain yield and that of the plot in question) indicates the actual crop response to applied fertilizer N, although it is calculated after harvest. The objective of this study was to predict RI-harvest of wheat using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) response index (RI-NDVI, defined as the ratio of the NDVI in an N-sufficient plot and that in the field in question) captured at Feekes 6 stage. Field experiments were carried out across seven site-years (2017/18 to 2020/21) on wheat. In the first three seasons, the relationships between RI-harvest and RI-NDVI were established by applying a range of fertilizer N levels (0–320 kg N ha− 1), whereas the fourth season was used for validation. The results indicated that RI-NDVI could explain 79% of the variation in RI-harvest using the linear relationship: RI-harvest = 7.077 × RI-NDVI – 6.4885. This model was satisfactorly validated in the fourth season using an independent data set in which a range of fertilizer N doses was applied before the Feekes 6 growth stage. Validation was also carried out by applying a fertilizer N dose corresponding to the predicted RI-harvest. In comparison to the general recommendation, the application of appropriate prescriptive fertilizer N dose along with a fertilizer N dose based on the predicted RI-harvest resulted in an 11% increase in fertilizer N recovery efficiency. It suggests that estimation of in-season RI-NDVI is a viable method for identifying fields that are likely to respond to additional fertilizer N.

The concept of talent development (TD) has emerged in the last few decades and has been discussed in many reports. The internationalization of higher education institute programs has obliged the universities to search for different strategies to update and enrich the academic performance at the level of employees, staff, and students. Talent development became necessary for many institutions to attract individuals with higher competencies and promote their performance. This review aims to highlight the importance of talent development in Higher education practice and achievement.

The present study aims at discriminating the rock units and mapping the alteration zones from their host rocks, as promised targets for mineral exploration in Um El-Rus area using the widely considered ASTER data. Several remote sensing techniques were integrated for the lithological discrimination and alteration zone delineation. The approach methodology was able to map the various rock units and define the contacts between them precisely. Moreover, the spatial abundances of the alteration minerals (e.g., alunite, iron oxides, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, and sericite) were mapped as an indication of the occurrence of alteration zones. More addition, the lineaments in the study area were extracted automatically using the PCI Geomatics software. Areas with considerable lineament density may indicate high potentiality for mineralization as these lineaments may represent faults and fractures that are the main channel ways for hydrothermal solutions to migrate through. This study yielded a modified geological map with enhanced lithological boundaries depending on the remote sensing data. Five localities were delineated and regarded as alteration zones with high potentiality for mineralization. A field visit was conducted to the study area through which the obtained results were validated. Field observations maintained the high accuracy of the obtained enhanced lithological map. During the field study, several alteration indicators were observed, including, quartz veins/veinlets, kaolinitization, chloritization, sericitization, and carbonatization types of alteration. The adopted alteration mapping methodology enabled the delineation of the already existing Um El-Rus gold mine; this validates the results as well.

In pasture-based dairy systems, there is a close relationship between milk production and dry matter intake (DMI), hence the importance of measuring these variables, although obtaining this information implies high labour and costs. The objective of this study was to design a mathematical model to predict DMI for grazing dairy cows. This model was based on the basic principle of the fill-unit system. In this scheme, cows and feedstuffs were described in terms of feed intake capacity (FIC) and fill (unit/amount of feed), respectively. The FIC was determined by the animal's ability to regulate feed intake which depends on factors such as body size, age and lactation status. The "fill" was determined by the nutritional properties of the feedstuff such as its dry matter (DM) digestibility and crude protein (CP) content, among others. In the design of the model, ad lib. feed consumption was assumed. Parity, state of lactation and gestation were considered to estimate the cow ingestion capacity. Satiety values (SV) were determined for Festuca arundinacea and Lolium multiflorum and these values were incorporated into the model, including DM, CP, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and in vitro digestible organic matter (dOM). The fixed parameters of the model were determined by adjusting a polynomial regression to the data from three experiments with lactating Holstein cows from Baja California, Mexico (n=30).The model allows predicting DMI, using as inputs, easily measured data and does not require knowing daily milk yield (MY) or body weight (BW), so the model is practical and consistent. The results obtained from the model were satisfactory because they were similar to those attained experimentally. Average DMI was 21.68 kg/d in one group and 23.44 kg/d in the other; when applying the model, we obtained an estimate of 22.82 kg/d for a cow with characteristics similar to those of the cows under study.

We provide the first 3D potential energy surface of the PH3–Ar interacting system. This 3D-PES is used later to derive the line broadenings of phosphine perturbed by Ar.

This article contemplates the demeanor of the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) when a positive position feedback (PPF) damper is used to enable tight control over its vibration. The methodology followed here mathematically searches for the approximate solution for the motion equations of the GMA with the PPF damper, which has been accomplished by using one of the most famous perturbation methods. The multiple scale perturbation technique (MSPT) of the second-order approximation is our strategy to obtain the analytical results. The stability of the system has also been investigated and observed by implementing frequency response equations to close the concurrent primary and internal resonance cases. By utilizing Matlab and Maple programs, all numerical discussions have been accomplished and explained. The resulting influence on the amplitude due to changes in the parameters' values has been studied by the frequency response curves. Finally, a comparison between both the analytical and numerical solutions using time history and response curves is made. In addition to the comparison between our PPF damper's effect on the GMA, previous works are presented. To get our target in this article, we have mentioned some important applications utilized in the GMA system just to imagine the importance of controlling the GMA vibration.

The influence of throat diameter and gasifying medium on gasifier performance is investigated using a CFD model. Lower throat ratios favour higher gasification efficiency, carbon conversion, and producer gas yield, with potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 50%.

The women representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields in Egypt is spanning hundreds and even thousands of years back. Yet, there is efforts needed to show women's contributions in recent history and current time. This paper highlights the role of women in STEM and their role as main partners in the science, technology and innovation system, participation of women in science for both decision-making and the scientific community. The survey has been designed to look at and support the participation and progression of women in STEM professionals and to encourage more girls and women to continue their studies and practical life in the STEM Fields. Literature, and particularly analytical literature, available around women in STEM in Egypt is limited; it is often tackled within the scope of women’s employment, women’s economic empowerment, or education.The paper reviews many challenges faced by women in science, technology and engineering and mathematics but from a practical point of view, where the questions are designed to reflect the scientific and leadership background as well as entrepreneurship and the relationship with the industry and to identify the obstacles that women face in being a business leader and the obstacles that women face in dealing with industry. Through the case study we unpack and examine the multiple thresholds of women and girls in higher education and employment in STEM fields in Egypt. The case study sample shows that while women are engaging in STEM at the tertiary education level, it is the integration into the labor force which makes it difficult for there to be a more equitable distribution of women across all STEM-related sectors. Egypt has a strong tradition of female empowerment and development but remains patriarchal in many aspects of progress and opportunity; the number of women in STEM education does not translate to those in the work force.

The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of simultaneous inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. We designed some novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines bearing different amino acid conjugates as efficient antifolate agents attributable to their structural similarity with methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-related antifolates. All compounds were tested to screen their enzymatic inhibition against DHFR compared with the reference drug MTX and for their in vitro antitumor cytotoxicity against six MTX-resistant cancer cell lines. The flow cytometry indicated that the most potent compound 7f arrested MCF-7 cells in the S-phase and induced apoptosis. Western blot for visualisation proved the ability of compound 7f to induce the expression of proapoptotic caspases and Bax proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line beside its ability to diminish the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Molecular modelling studies concluded that compound 7f displayed better binding energy than that of the normal ligand MTX. HIGHLIGHTSNew pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 7a–m which are structurally similar to the classical methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-related antifolates were synthesised as antitumor agents.Novel N-acyl amino acid compound 7f exhibited marked DHFR inhibition activity that are parralel to both the molecular docking results and cytotoxic activity.Compound 7f could induce the expression of proapoptotic caspases and Bax proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line beside its ability to diminish the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein.All prepared compounds obey Lipinski rule of five except compound 7f. New pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 7a–m which are structurally similar to the classical methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-related antifolates were synthesised as antitumor agents. Novel N-acyl amino acid compound 7f exhibited marked DHFR inhibition activity that are parralel to both the molecular docking results and cytotoxic activity. Compound 7f could induce the expression of proapoptotic caspases and Bax proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line beside its ability to diminish the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. All prepared compounds obey Lipinski rule of five except compound 7f.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) located at craniocervical junction are extremely rare (1%-2% of intracranial/spinal dAVFs). Their angio-architectural complexity renders endovascular embolization to be challenging given multiple small feeders with risk of embolysate reflux into vertebral artery and limited transvenous access. The available literature discussing microsurgery for these lesions is limited to few case reports.To report a multicenter experience assessing microsurgery safety/efficacy.Prospectively maintained registries at 13 North American centers were queried to identify craniocervical junction dAVFs treated with microsurgery (2006-2021).Thirty-eight patients (median age 59.5 years, 44.7% female patients) were included. The most common presentation was subarachnoid/intracranial hemorrhage (47.4%) and myelopathy (36.8%) (92.1% of lesions Cognard type III-V). Direct meningeal branches from V3/4 vertebral artery segments supplied 84.2% of lesions. All lesions failed (n = 5, 13.2%) or were deemed inaccessible/unsafe to endovascular treatment. Far lateral craniotomy was the most used approach (94.7%). Intraoperative angiogram was performed in 39.5% of the cases, with angiographic cure in 94.7% of cases (median imaging follow-up of 9.2 months) and retreatment rate of 5.3%. Favorable last follow-up modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 2 was recorded in 81.6% of the patients with procedural complications of 2.6%.Craniocervical dAVFs represent rare entity of lesions presenting most commonly with hemorrhage or myelopathy because of venous congestion. Microsurgery using a far lateral approach provides robust exposure and visualization for these lesions and allows obliteration of the arterialized draining vein intradurally as close as possible to the fistula point. This approach was associated with a high rate of angiographic cure and favorable clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) has prompted a paradigm shift in the approach to posterior circulation aneurysms. The year 2021 marks a decade since FDA approval of this flow diverter, and during this time operators have adapted to its off-label uses. The authors examined whether case selection, practice trends, and patient outcomes have changed over this 10-year period. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of consecutive posterior circulation aneurysms managed with the PED at four academic institutions in the US between January 1, 2011, and January 1, 2021. Factors related to case selection, rates of aneurysm occlusion, or complications were identified and evaluated. Angiographic outcomes as well as thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications were investigated. RESULTS This study included 117 patients (median age 60 years). At a median follow-up of 12 months, adequate occlusion (> 90%) was attained in 73.2% of aneurysms. Aneurysm occlusion rates were similar over the study interval. Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications were reported in 12.0% and 6.0% of the procedures, respectively. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a decline in the rate of thromboembolic (14.1% in 2011–2015 vs 9.4% in 2016–2021, p = 0.443) and hemorrhagic (9.4% in 2011–2015 vs 1.9% in 2016–2021, p = 0.089) complications. CONCLUSIONS The authors observed a trend toward a decline in the rate of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications with improved operator experience in using the PED for posterior circulation aneurysms. The use of single-device PED flow diversion significantly increased, as did the tendency to treat smaller aneurysms and observe large unruptured fusiform/dolichoectatic lesions. These findings reflect changes attributable to evolving judgment with maturing experience in PED use.

The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms among female cigarette smokers was shown to be high in previous studies, yet the cost-effectiveness of screening them has never been explored.To explore the most cost-effective screening strategy for female smokers.A decision analytical study was performed with a Markov model to compare different screening strategies with no screening and to explore the most optimal screening strategy for female smokers. Input data for the model were extracted from literature. A single screening at different ages and multiple screening every 15 years, 10 years, 5 years, and 2 years were performed for female smokers in different age ranges. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the model. Finally, value of information analysis was performed to investigate the value of collecting additional data.Screening female smokers for unruptured intracranial aneurysm is cost-effective. All screening strategies yield extra quality-adjusted life years. Screening at younger age brings more health benefit at lower cost. Frequent screening strategies decrease rupture rate of aneurysms more with higher costs per quality-adjusted life year. Screening after age 70 years and frequent screening (every 2 years) after age 60 years is not optimal. Among all the parameters in the model, collecting additional data on utility of the unscreened population would be most valuable.Screening female smokers for intracranial aneurysms once at younger age is most optimal. However, in clinical practice, the duration and intensity of exposure to cigarettes should be taken into consideration.

The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) has been the only flow-diverting device (FDD) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S. market for nearly a decade, with more FDD choices in the United States following recent FDA approval of the Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device and Surpass. We sought to explore the integration patterns of these devices into practice by U.S. neurointerventionalists.A 34-question electronic survey was distributed to the U.S. neurointerventional community from different backgrounds (neurosurgery, neurology, radiology) through different organizational links, focusing on technical aspects of device selection and personal preferences/experiences regarding FDD in aneurysms treatment.Responses were collected from 120 neurointerventionalists across the United States; operators from a neurosurgery background constituted the majority of respondents (47.5%; 85% of dual-trained). The largest age block was early-to mid-career operators (70.8% aged 36-50 years). Most participants (78.8%) treated a range of 25-100 aneurysms/year with FDDs, with 49.2% of respondents having all the FDA-approved FDDs available in their centers (80.8% academic practice). Femoral access was used by the 67.7% of respondents, without impact of FDD-device on access-type (89.2%). PED was the most commonly used device (70.9%), with 66.7% of respondents reporting using different FDD based on case specifics. Comparing devices preferences by training backgrounds, more neurosurgical operators endorsed PED as their most commonly used device, whereas more interventional neuroradiologists/neurologists reported Surpass and Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device as their most commonly used devices.The results of this survey identify common themes in FDD choices among neurointerventionalists in the U.S. market, along with their integration patterns of the newly introduced devices into clinical practice.

Hypoxia is a prevalent hallmark of many malignant neoplasms. The aim was to assess the serum hypoxia biomarkers HIF-1α, VEGF, osteopontin, erythropoietin, caveolin-1, GLUT-1, and LDH pre- and post-radiotherapy in patients with brain tumors. The study was conducted on 120 subjects were divided into two groups: group I: 40 healthy volunteers as control group. Group II: 80 brain tumor patients were subdivided into glioblastoma subgroup: 40 glioblastoma patients, meningioma subgroup: 40 malignant meningioma patients. Two venous blood samples were collected from every patient prior to and following RT and one sample from controls. Biomarkers were assayed by ELISA. In glioblastoma subgroup, HIF-1α, VEGF, and LDH were significantly increased after RT. On the contrary, these biomarkers were significantly decreased after RT in malignant meningioma subgroup. Osteopontin was significantly increased after RT in both subgroups. Regarding erythropoietin, it was significantly decreased in both subgroups when compared to before RT. Caveolin-1 showed a significant increase in glioblastoma subgroup after RT comparing to before RT. GLUT-1 was significantly increased after RT in both subgroups comparing to before RT. Association of significant elevation of hypoxia biomarkers either pre- or post-RT with aggressive tumor such as glioblastoma indicates that, they are markers of malignancy and may have a role in tumor development and progression.

OBJECTIVE Flow diverters have revolutionized the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Here, the authors present the first large-scale North American multicenter experience using the Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED) in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. METHODS Consecutive cerebral aneurysms treated with FRED at 7 North American centers between June 2020 and November 2021 were included. Data collected included patient demographic characteristics, aneurysm characteristics, periprocedural and long-term complications, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and radiological follow-up. RESULTS In total, 133 aneurysms in 116 patients were treated with 123 FRED deployment procedures and included in this study. One hundred twenty-six aneurysms (94.7%) were unruptured, 117 (88.0%) saccular, and 123 (92.5%) located in anterior circulation. The mean (range) aneurysm maximal width and neck width sizes were 7.2 (1.5–42.5) mm and 4.1 (1.0–15.1) mm, respectively. Successful FRED deployment was achieved in 122 procedures (99.2%). Adjunctive coiling was used in 4 procedures (3.3%). Radiological follow-up was available for 101 aneurysms at a median duration of 7.0 months. At last follow-up, complete occlusion was observed in 55.4% of patients, residual neck in 8.9%, and filling aneurysm in 35.6%; among cases with radiological follow-up duration > 10 months, these values were 21/43 (48.8%), 3/43 (7.0%), and 19/43 (44.2%), respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, age (OR 0.93, p = 0.001) and aneurysm neck size (OR 0.83, p = 0.048) were negatively correlated with odds of complete occlusion at latest follow-up. The retreatment rate was 6/124 (4.8%). The overall complication rate was 31/116 (26.7%). Parent vessel occlusion, covered branch occlusion, and in-stent stenosis were detected in 9/99 (9.1%), 6/63 (9.5%), and 15/99 (15.2%) cases, respectively. The FRED-related, symptomatic, thromboembolic, and hemorrhagic complication rates were 22.4%, 12.9%, 6.9%, and 0.9% respectively. The morbidity rate was 10/116 patients (8.6%). There was 1 death due to massive periprocedural internal carotid artery stroke, and 3.6% of the patients had an mRS score > 2 at the last follow-up (vs 0.9% at baseline). CONCLUSIONS As the first large-scale North American multicenter FRED experience, this study confirmed the ease of successful FRED deployment but suggested lower efficacy and a higher rate of complications than reported by previous European and South American studies on FRED and other flow-diverting devices. The authors recommend judicious use of this device until future studies can better elucidate the long-term outcomes of FRED treatment.

Background: Successful reperfusion is one of the strongest predictors of functional outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Despite continuous advancements in MT technology and techniques, reperfusion failure still occurs in ≈15% to 30% of patients with large vessel occlusion strokes undergoing MT. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rescue intracranial stenting for large vessel occlusion stroke after failed MT. Methods: The SAINT (Stenting and Angioplasty in Neurothrombectomy) Study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 14 comprehensive stroke centers through January 2015 to December 2020. Patients were included if they had anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke due to intracranial internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery-M1/M2 segments and failed MT. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: rescue intracranial stenting and failed recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score 0–1). Propensity score matching was used to balance the 2 groups. The primary outcome was the shift in the degree of disability as measured by the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2). Safety measures included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality. Results: A total of 499 patients were included in the analysis. Compared with the failed reperfusion group, rescue intracranial stenting had a favorable shift in the overall modified Rankin Scale score distribution (acOR, 2.31 [95% CI, 1.61–3.32]; P P P =0.04) at 90 days. Rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were comparable across both groups (7.1% versus 10.2%; aOR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.42–2.34]; P =0.98). The matched cohort analysis demonstrated similar results. Specifically, rescue intracranial stenting (n=107) had a favorable shift in the overall modified Rankin Scale score distribution (acOR, 3.74 [95% CI, 2.16–6.57]; P P P =0.03) at 90 days with similar rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (7.5% versus 11.2%; aOR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.31–2.42]; P =0.79) compared with patients who failed to reperfuse (n=107). There was no heterogeneity of treatment effect across the prespecified subgroups for improvement in functional outcomes. Conclusions: Acute intracranial stenting appears to be a safe and effective rescue strategy in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke who failed MT. Randomized multicenter trials are warranted.

In this paper, we provide a sparse image restoration algorithm with a SSIM-based objective function. The proposed technique is a modification to the SSIM-inspired OMP (iOMP) and, and it has two parallel sparse restoration paths. One of them is L 2 -sense OMP and the other is SSIM -sense OMP (iOMP). Both paths intersects only at the starting point and gives different quality levels after each iteration. This distinction enables us to select the coefficients of the best quality and to avoid the uncertainty issue of iOMP. From the point of view of the SSIM levels, the conducted experiments proved that, the proposed methodology works better than iOMP and OMP. Also, the performance of this method is checked for significance by the t-test, and the obtained results proved that the method works well especially for large images and the data-independent based dictionary.

Aquaculture is the practice of developing aquatic animals and plants under artificial environmental conditions, either in a controlled or semi-controlled environment. Due to high animal protein demand, it is one of the world’s growing food production industries. It plays a vital role in contributing to food security and lowering the unemployment rate of the world’s growing population. This review article aims to scope sight on the environmental factors that affect the growth and economic production process of Nile tilapia. Many of these factors are listed and analyzed in this review, such as stocking densities; various feed frequencies and feeding rates; water quality; water temperature; dissolved oxygen concentration; water pH degree; ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3) concentration; feeding regimes; feed cost; and tank culturing system of Nile tilapia. These factors can significantly alter body weight, composition, survival, behavior, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency, and the health and reproduction of Oreochromis niloticus. Furthermore, feeding, growth, disease risks, and survival rates are all affected by water quality parameters. In general, higher growth performance of O. niloticus in aquaculture can be obtained by keeping the optimum quantity of feed with proper feeding rate and frequency, maintaining a good proportion of stocking density, and regularly evaluating water quality. This review article highlights—in details—the impact of various environmental factors on growth performance criteria of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

In calcareous soil, two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of two potassium silicate treatments (with and without) and three irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60%, of crop evapotranspiration, abbreviated as IW100, IW80 and IW60, respectively) on wheat yield and nutrient uptake and water use efficiency (WUE). The experimental design was a strip plots design in randomized complete block arrangement with three replicates. Findings reveal that potassium silicate improved grain weight spike−1 by about 1.06 times whether with IW80 or IW60. Also, seed index increased by 1.03, 1.06 and 1.04 times owing to potassium silicate in the 1st season under IW100, IW80 and IW60 treatments, respectively. Application of potassium silicate surpassed the control treatment by about 1.05, 1.4 and 1.07 times for biological straw and grain yields under IW80. The interaction of IW80 × potassium silicate significantly equaled IW100 × potassium silicate for P, S Mg and Mn uptake in both seasons as well as N, K and Zn uptake in the 1st season and Fe uptake in the 2nd season. IW80 or IW60 with potassium silicate application were the efficient combinations for improving WUE in both growing seasons.

Smart healthcare systems play a vital role in people's everyday lives and hence, healthcare systems are expected to continue to improve and advance. AI and IoT techniques are employed in the prescription of medicine and in setting the different actions and procedures that need to be followed by patients by the health service providers. These technologies, along with ML algorithms, form a reliable and concrete platform because of their high processing performance. Meanwhile, it is important to maintain accurate input data for these new technologies to ensure that they will give us the desired output at the right time. In the healthcare industry, the most popular means to ensure the correctness of input data is to collect them through surveys and questionnaires that are completed by field specialists. In this paper, we report on the results of a questionnaire that was used in Egypt to collect the needed input data for our intended emergency healthcare system. Our aim is to offer the on-site emergency physicians a simple yet smart tool. This tool should speed up the process by which they can view historical data saved on the Cloud and ultimately determine the best procedures required for treating any emergency case patient timely. The novelty of our research lies in the use the applicable AI algorithms for healthcare within our tool at various levels to speed up the process of saving the life of an emergency case by displaying the appropriate data required for each physician specialization-based on our collected questionnaire.

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of dried moringa leaves (DML) on semen quality, immunoglobulin measurements, blood metabolic analysis, antioxidant status and sex hormones of V-line rabbit bucks. Twenty-four mature rabbit bucks of 7-8 months-old of proven fertility with an average weight (2.8 ± 0.4 kg) were classified into four treatments (basal diet with 0, 750, 1500 and 3000 mg DML/kg diet) and 6 bucks per treatment were used. Seminal plasma cholesterol (

In the last five years, the medical community was astonishingly surprised by the sequential large outcome trials that displayed the renal effects of sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT2Is) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD). This favorable effect was later disclosed in non-diabetic CKD patients. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial was the first trial that showed a reduction for the need for dialysis in patients suffering diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by 55%. This figure is double the score achieved by the angiotensin receptor blocker, Losartan, in RENAAL trial. The need for dialysis in DAPA-CKD trial was reduced in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients by 33%. The renal-specific composite outcome was reduced by 39% in EMPA-REG trial, 40% in CANVAS study, 47% in DECLARE-TIMI 58 study, 34% in CREDENCE trial, and 44% in DAPA-CKD trial. The greater surprise is the significant favorable effect of SGLT2Is on overall mortality in CKD patients with or without T2DM. Similar survival benefit was not previously encountered with any of the medications used in CKD patients with or without diabetes. In this review, we disclose the results of the DAPA-CKD trial, the CREDENCE trial and those of several cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) that used different SGLT2Is and showed that patients with lower eGFR levels may have greater benefit with respect to cardiovascular morbidity than patients with normal kidney function. In addition, we discuss the different mechanisms of action that explain the renal beneficial effects of SGLT2Is.

Introduction: Hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF4α and HNF1α, key transcription factors that regulate drug metabolism enzymes expression, were linked to inflammation. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multi-role animal lectin which is involved in inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of galectin-3 inhibition, by using modified citrus pectin (MCP), on HNF4α and HNF1α gene expression levels after acetaminophen (APAP) induced acute liver injury in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows; control, MCP, APAP and MCP plus APAP administered groups. The groups received APAP were divided into three subgroups each; in which rats were sacrificed after 24, 48 and 72 hours (h) from APAP administration. Expression levels of HNF4α and HNF1α, beside levels of Gal-3, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (GPx) activities, liver function parameters were evaluated, along with histopathological study of the liver. Results: APAP high dose induced inhibition of liver HNF4α and HNF1α gene expression, CYP2E1 and GSH levels, GR and GPx activities, and increased hepatic Gal-3, TNF-α and serum liver function parameters levels, besides inducing hepatic necrosis. The toxic effects were stronger after 24 h then declined gradually after 48 h and 72 h. Inhibiting Gal-3 functionality after APAP high dose administration reduced TNF-α level and retrieved liver levels of HNF4α and HNF1α expression, CYP2E1, GSH, GR and GPx closer to normal control levels. Conclusion: Inhibiting Gal-3 functionality affects HNF4α and HNF1α gene expression levels and reduced inflammation after APAP high dose administration.

Little information is available regarding technical challenges with the new lower profile Woven EndoBridge (WEB 17) system intended for smaller aneurysms.We report illustrative cases of technical complications encountered with 2 anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated by the WEB 17 system requiring rescue stenting in both cases, discussing technical nuances regarding potential reasons for the encountered failures along with management plan.Over a span of 1 year (January 2021 to January 2022), 45 WEB embolization procedures were performed at 2 institutions. Two procedures were complicated by abrupt change in orientation of the WEB device immediately after detachment from the delivery wire. In the first case, abrupt angulation with subsequent migration and prolapse out of the aneurysm sac into the distal right anterior cerebral artery was encountered with unsuccessful retrieval despite multiple attempts using a variety of devices, eventually requiring rescue stenting. A similar sudden orientation change was noted in the second case with partial prolapse from the aneurysm sac similarly bailed out by intracranial stenting. Both patients recovered to preprocedural baseline with no permanent deficits and eventually were discharged home.Intrasaccular WEB 17 embolization may be technically challenging in smaller wide-necked aneurysms with acute aneurysm-parent artery angulation with abrupt changing of WEB device orientation after detachments with device migration and prolapse into the parent vessel requiring rescue stenting. Proper WEB 17 device sizing and vigilance in the transition phase between the end of deployment and detachment windows of the procedure are paramount to treatment success. Routine use of antiplatelets in cases of anatomical aneurysms that are anticipated to be challenging might be a useful strategy if bailout stenting is needed.

A novel CuWO4/SiO2 heterojunction catalyst was successfully synthesized using a new sulfonamide derivative. The physical characteristics of the prepared samples were investigated by TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV, PL, and XPS. The prepared catalysts were applied as a nano photocatalyst for photooxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene under visible light using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization performances of the prepared samples were investigated. Various factors as the reaction time, dibenzothiophene concentration, catalyst dose, and the oxidizing agent dose were also studied. The prepared photocatalyst has high desulfurization activity in the removal of DBT under mild conditions. Results showed that the CuWO4/SiO2 exhibited considerably higher activity than neat support SiO2. Such improved photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs on CuWO4/SiO2 heterojunction. Moreover, the synergistic effects of this photocatalytic oxidation and the green oxidant hydrogen peroxide played an essential role in desulfurization. The reaction is pseudo-first-order and can reach 98.6% removal of dibenzothiophene after 70 min and 97.2% after four cycles. Graphical Abstract