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Parastomal hernia is a common complication after abdominal ostomy. Although the European Hernia Society guidelines recommend surgical treatment for parastomal hernia, there is still no "gold standard" procedure. The exploration and practice of parastomal hernia repair surgery has been carried out for many years, from the earlier hernia ring suture and stoma relocation repair, to the reinforcement of meshes (such as the Keyhole repair technique and the Sugarbaker repair technique) and the application of laparoscopic technique, and then to the combination of various methods. The intervention of single-port laparoscopic technique and robot-assisted surgery, the prevention of parastomal hernia, the specialization of treatment, multidisciplinary cooperation, and the improvement of diagnostic methods will all provide more optimal solutions for stoma patients. This article will review and summarize the development process and evaluation of parastomal hernia surgical techniques.造口旁疝作为腹壁造口术后常见并发症，尽管欧洲疝学会指南建议，应用手术治疗处理造口旁疝，但没有“金标准”术式。造口旁疝修补手术方式的探索实践已进行多年，从早先的疝环组织缝合修补和造口移位修补术，到补片的加强（如Keyhole修补技术和Sugarbaker修补技术）以及腹腔镜技术的应用，再到各种方法的结合。单孔和机器人手术的介入、造口旁疝的预防、治疗的专科化、多学科合作及诊断方式的改进等，都将为造口患者提供更优化的解决方案。本文将回顾总结造口旁疝手术技术的发展历程并予以评价。.

This study is to investigate the effect of valve ablation on bladder function in patients with posterior urethral valves. The clinical data of patients with posterior urethral valves who received urodynamic examination before and after valve ablation were retrospectively analyzed.The bladder compliance improved during urine storage after operation, and the maximum detrusor pressure decreased during micturition. The postoperative urinary system ultrasound showed that the residual urine volume of the group with significantly improved upper urinary tract hydrocephalus was significantly less than that of the group with no improvement. The bladder compliance was significantly higher than that of the group with no improvement, and the maximum urine flow rate was significantly higher than that of the group with no improvement (all本研究回顾性分析20例接受后尿道瓣膜症瓣膜切开手术患儿的临床资料，分析其膀胱功能变化。结果显示，手术前、后膀胱顺应性改善，排尿期膀胱最大逼尿肌压力下降，上尿路积水明显改善组残余尿量显著少于未改善组，膀胱顺应性显著高于未改善组，最大尿流率显著高于未改善组（均

氢气凭借自身独特选择性抗氧化、抗炎等功能以及使用安全性高、制备方便的优势，近年来已被认为是一种新型的抗氧化分子。在糖尿病肾脏病和肾肿瘤并发糖尿病的病理学研究中发现氢气对改善组织损害与延缓病变加剧有积极作用，有望成为一种新型的气体分子靶点。本文就近年来氢气改善上述疾病的基础性研究与临床试验中的病理学研究进展作一综述，为进一步明确氢分子改善肾脏损伤与疾病诊断和组织学分析评价提供参考。.

Due to the lack of effective early diagnosis and treatment, gallbladder cancer(GBC) remains a malignant tumor with extremely high malignancy and poor prognosis. Therefore, high quality studies are required to break through the bottleneck in GBC diagnosis and treatment. This article reviewed the domestic and foreign GBC research published in 2021, presenting a comprehensive summary of the important advances in the field of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Latest epidemiological data and risk factors, emerging diagnostic methods of peripheral blood laboratory tests and imaging, new pathologic classification system, hot topics and controversies of surgical treatment as well as the dynamics of systemic treatment of GBC are reviewed in the article. The present findings may contribute to a more efficient means of diagnosis and treatment for GBC and hold the promise of improved outcomes for patients with GBC.胆囊癌的恶性程度极高，缺乏早期诊断方法和有效治疗手段，亟需高质量研究突破诊疗瓶颈。本文回顾了2021年国内外发表的胆囊癌研究相关文献，对临床诊疗领域的重要进展进行综述，详细介绍了胆囊癌最新流行病学数据及危险因素、新兴的外周血实验室检查和影像学诊断方法、病理学类型新分类、外科治疗的热点与争议及系统性综合治疗动态。这些研究结果有助于探索更有效的胆囊癌诊治方法，为改善胆囊癌患者的预后带来希望。.

静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）包括下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）和肺栓塞，抗凝治疗是其有效治疗方式。所有急性VTE患者均推荐至少3个月抗凝治疗。识别VTE患者复发危险因素以及对其复发风险进行评估，对决定患者在3个月抗凝治疗后是否继续无限期抗凝这一重要临床问题具有重要意义。本文对此问题的相关研究进展进行了综述。.

One 51 years old man was admitted to the rheumatology department with a history of prominent eyes, headache and blurred vision for half year. The main manifestations included retrobulbar inflammatory pseudotumor and retroperitoneal fibrosis. He was initially diagnosed as granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Prednisone and cyclophosphamide were administrated and effective. New mass of dura mater and osteosclerosis presented during follow up. Finally Erdheim Chester disease(ECD) was diagnosed by biopsy and pathological examination. Vemurafenib, a v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogenes homolog B1 (BRAF) inhibitor, 480 mg was given twice a day. The patient's condition is stable and still in follow-up. Although ECD is a rare histiocytosis, clinicians should pay attention to its manifestations and differential diagnoses.患者男性，51岁。因双眼突出、头痛、视物模糊半年就诊。主要临床特征为球后炎性假瘤及腹膜后纤维化，初诊为肉芽肿性多血管炎（GPA），先后予地塞米松10 mg/d静脉输液5 d，口服泼尼松1 mg·kg

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical problem with poor prognosis and high mortality. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of helix B position peptide (HBSP) on ALI and its mechanism.C57/BL6 male mice were used to construct ALI models by LPS tracheal injection and detect the effect of HBSP on mouse ALI by subcutaneously injecting HBSP. In addition, normal human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) were cultured and stimulated with HBSP. Then, the effects of HBSP on oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in BEAS-2B cells were examined. Finally, the effect of HBSP on the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was examined, and the mechanism of action of HBSP was verified using the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway inhibitor ML385.In vitro, HBSP increased the expression of SOD1/2 and decreased the expression of ERS-related molecules such as CHOP, GRP-78, and caspase-12, indicating that HBSP effectively reduces the level of oxidative stress and ERS in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, HBSP also increased the activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and ML385 reduced the protective effect of HBSP on BEAS-2B cells. In vivo, HBSP significantly reduced LPS-induced mouse ALI. W/D and inflammatory factors in the BALF of the mouse lung were significantly reduced and the level of oxidative stress was also reduced.HBSP plays an important role in relieving ALI by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, which reduces the level of inflammation in lung tissue and oxidative stress and ERS in lung epithelial cells.

To investigate the expression of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-219-5p in prostate cancer (PCa), its influences on the biological functions of PCa, and its mechanism.The expression differences of miR-219-5p and high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) in 30 pairs of PCa tissues and para-carcinoma tissues were detected via quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and the difference in miR-219-5p expression in PCa cell lines and normal prostatic epithelial cells was also determined via qRT-PCR. The human PC-3 cells were divided into negative control group and miR-219-5p overexpression group. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and colony formation assays were adopted to detect the cell proliferative ability, and flow cytometry was applied to determine the cell apoptosis. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was measured via Western blotting, and the invasive and migratory abilities of the cells were examined through wound-healing and transwell assays. Bioinformatics prediction software and luciferase reporter assay were employed to verify the targets that might be controlled by miR-219-5p. Rescue experiment was conducted to clarify whether the inhibitory effects of miR-219-5p on the growth and metastasis of PC-3 cells depend on the inhibition of HMGA2.It was shown in qRT-PCR results that the expression level of miR-219-5p was downregulated remarkably in PCa tissues and cell lines, but overexpressed miR-219-5p could repress the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of PC-3 cells notably. The results of wound-healing and transwell assays indicated that overexpressed miR-219-5p was able to suppress the invasion and metastasis of PC-3 cells. According to Western blotting results, overexpressed miR-219-5p could up-regulate the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins [Bax, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP)] and reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells. It was predicted via the bioinformatics software that HMGA2 gene might be a target gene of miR-219-5p. The Dual-Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that there was a direct regulatory relationship between miR-219-5p and HMGA2. The rescue experiment manifested that overexpressed HMGA2 could reverse the inhibition of miR-219-5p on the growth and metastasis of PC-3 cells.MiR-219-5p suppresses the growth and metastasis abilities of prostate cancer cells by directly repressing the expression of HMGA2.

The aim of this study was to explore the potential effect of miRNA-1297 on myocardial fibrosis (MF) and its underlying mechanism.MF model was established by cardiac perfusion of Angiotensin II (Ang-II) in mice. The primary myocardial fibroblasts were extracted from MF mice (Ang-II infusion group) and controls (sham group), respectively. The relative levels of miRNA-1297 and ULK1 in the in vivo and in vitro MF models were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Meanwhile, the protein expressions of fibrosis-related genes in MF mice and primary myocardial fibroblasts were determined by Western Blot. Subsequently, the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay was applied to verify the downstream gene of miRNA-1297. In addition, a series of rescue experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of miRNA-1297/ULK1 in regulating MF.Masson staining showed plenty of micro-vessels around myocardial tissues and significantly increased contents of intercellular collagen in Ang-II infusion group when compared with those in the sham group. Western blot results revealed that the protein expressions of Col1a1 and α-SMA were significantly upregulated in myocardial tissues of MF mice. QRT-PCR data illustrated that miRNA-1297 was remarkably downregulated in MF model. ULK1 was verified as the target gene of miRNA-1297, which was upregulated in the MF model. The overexpression of miRNA-1297 or the knockdown of ULK1 could downregulate the protein levels of Col1a1 and α-SMA in primary myocardial fibroblasts extracted from MF mice. Notably, ULK1 overexpression could reverse the regulatory effect of miRNA-1297 on MF.MiRNA-1297 suppresses myocardial fibrosis via down-regulating ULK1.

In recent years, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method has been introduced for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. However, the results largely depend on its parameters. When an optimization algorithm is employed to optimize these parameters, the fitness function is critical. In this paper, a new fitness function, envelope sample entropy, is constructed. Based on this, a whale optimized VMD method is proposed for rotating machinery fault diagnosis. First, the vibration signals were decomposed by the optimized VMD method to obtain a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), from which the IMFs containing the main information were selected. Then, features were extracted from the selected IMFs and their dimensions were reduced using the local tangent space alignment method. Finally, support vector machine was adopted for fault identification. Compared with related methods, the experiment results show that the proposed method obtains a higher fault recognition accuracy.

Cu-based composites are widely used in mechanical, electrical, communication, transportation and microelectronics industries due to their excellent properties. However, the difficult match between strength and conductivity is the main problem for Cu-based composites. And thermal-mechanical treatment technologies reached the limit to improve and control their comprehensive performance. Graphene is a two-dimensional layered material with carbon atoms hybridized by SP2 orbital, and has high strength, good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. It is expected to solve the contradiction between the strength and conductivity of the composites by introducing graphene into Cu-based composites. In this paper, the commonly used methods for effective dispersion of graphene and interface bonding were introduced, the researches on the strength, toughness, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity were outlined, lastly the future development of graphene Cu-based composites was prospected.

Wind is an important regulator of coastal erosion and accretion processes that have significant ecological and engineering implications. Nevertheless, previous studies have mainly focused on storm−generated changes in the bed level. This paper aims to improve the understanding of wind−induced erosion–accretion cycles on intertidal flats under normal (non−stormy) weather conditions using data that relates to the wave climate, near−bed 3D flow velocity, suspended sediment concentration, and bed−level changes on a mudflat at the Yangtze Delta front. The following parameters were calculated at 10−minute intervals over 10 days: the wind wave orbital velocity (Uδ), bed shear stress from combined current–wave action, erosion flux, deposition flux, and predicted bed−level change. The time series of measured and predicted bed−level changes both show tidal cycles and a 10−day cycle. We attribute the tidal cycles of bed−level changes to tidal dynamics, but we attribute the 10−day cycle of bed−level changes to the interaction between wind speed/direction and neap−spring cyclicity. We conclude that winds can significantly affect bed−level changes in mudflats even during non−stormy weather and under macro−mesotidal conditions and that the bed−level changes can be predicted well using current–wave–sediment combined models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally. LncRNA HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the role and regulatory mechanism of HCG11 in HCC are not fully addressed.The abundance of HCG11 and miR-26a-5p was measured by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in HCC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and autophagy were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, transwell migration, invasion assays, and Western blot assay, respectively. The binding sites between miR-26a-5p and HCG11 or autophagy-related 12 (ATG12) were predicted by starBase bioinformatic software, and the combination was confirmed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. The abundance of ATG12 was examined by Western blot assay. Murine xenograft model was established to validate the function of HCG11 in vivo.The enrichment of HCG11 was enhanced in HCC tissues and cells and was negatively related to the prognosis of HCC patients. The abundance of miR-26a-5p was inversely correlated with the level of HCG11 in HCC tissues. HCG11 interference suppressed the proliferation, metastasis, and autophagy while promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. MiR-26a-5p bound to lncRNA HCG11 and ATG12. The depletion of miR-26a-5p or the accumulation of ATG12 could alleviate the suppressive effects induced by HCG11 intervention on the proliferation, metastasis, autophagy, and the promoting impact on the apoptosis of HCC cells. HCG11 promoted the growth of murine xenograft tumor and autophagy through miR-26a-5p/ATG12 axis in vivo.LncRNA HCG11 accelerated the proliferation, metastasis, and autophagy while impeded the apoptosis of HCC cells via HCG11/miR-26a-5p/ATG12 axis. HCG11 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

This study was to investigate expression levels and functional activities of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with potential therapeutic targets selected in animal model of allergic asthma. Mice were sensitized and then challenged with saline (control) or ovalbumin (OVA) for 8 weeks. Airway resistance was determined by increasing concentrations of acetyl-β-methacholine chloride (0 - 50 mg/ml). The number of cells and cytokine production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by ELISA. Pathological changes of lung specimens were examined by histochemical staining methods under the light microscope. Expression and quantification of HDACs in lungs were measured using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. HDAC activity was identified using colorimetric and fluorometric methods. The OVA-treated mice had a significant enhancement in airway resistance with a large number of cells and increased interleukin (IL)-4 and -5 levels in BALF. Morphologically, an infiltration of inflammatory cells into epithelial layer with mucus accumulation and subepithelial fibrosis were seen in the OVA-exposed lungs. The expression levels for HDAC1, HDAC5, HDAC6, and HDAC8 were significantly elevated with weak induction of HDAC 2-4, which was identical with their catalytic activities detected in the lungs. In contrast, HDAC1 and HDAC5 activities were higher than others in the lungs. Individual HDACs are differently regulated in expression levels and functional activities in animal model of allergic asthma. Selective targeting of HDAC1/5 offers an opportunity to improve therapeutic effects of the disease.

Comprehensive whole-genome structural variation detection is challenging with current approaches. With diploid cells as DNA source and the presence of numerous repetitive elements, short-read DNA sequencing cannot be used to detect structural variation efficiently. In this report, we show that genome mapping with long, fluorescently labeled DNA molecules imaged on nanochannel arrays can be used for whole-genome structural variation detection without sequencing. While whole-genome haplotyping is not achieved, local phasing (across >150-kb regions) is routine, as molecules from the parental chromosomes are examined separately. In one experiment, we generated genome maps from a trio from the 1000 Genomes Project, compared the maps against that derived from the reference human genome, and identified structural variations that are >5 kb in size. We find that these individuals have many more structural variants than those published, including some with the potential of disrupting gene function or regulation.

This paper presents and evaluates a new built-in current sensor used to detect n-well single-event transients (SETs) induced by radiation strikes in integrated circuits (IC). A 28 nm bulk CMOS test chip containing the proposed sensor design was irradiated by two-photon absorption lasers. Both simulation and experimental data confirm the validity of the proposed design and demonstrate that it can be used for SET detection in advanced technology nodes. Simulation results also demonstrate that this structure has increased SET detection capability and the capability is more sensitive to voltage and temperature variations when compared to the reference design.

Dendrolimus kikuchii nucleopolyhedrovirus (DekiNPV) is a biological control agent used to control the populations of D. kikuchii, which is a pest of variety of conifers, including Pinus kesiya, Pinus fenzeliana, Cedrus deodara, and Keteleeria evelyniana. However, D. kikuchii cannot be artificially reared which restricts the production and utilization of DekiNPV. In this study, the infectivity and replication of DekiNPV was demonstrated in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines (sf9), Clostera anachoreta cell line (CAF-clan II), and Lymantria dispar (L.) to identify suitable alternative hosts for the production of DekiNPV. We also investigated the ability of DekiNPV to trigger the conversion of covert infections to overt infections. Results showed the absence of DekiNPV in the two cell lines and in L. dispar. However, polymerase chain reaction results indicated that L. dispar larvae harbored covert infection that could not be triggered by DekiNPV.

Objective To perform the separation and confirmation of mixed semen stains with immunological test method, and find a more effective method for the detection of mixed semen stains. Methods The semens of three volunteers were mixed. The mixed semen stains were processed and tested with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） colloidal gold immunoassay strip method, immunomagnetic beads method and laser capture microdissection, respectively. Statistics of the results of STR were gathered and compared with those of a single semen stain. Results After PSA colloidal gold immunoassay strip method testing, the samples showed a purplish red line in the test area and the control area. The results obtained with the immunomagnetic beads method showed a more complete and effective short tandem repeat （STR） sequence. The mixed semen stains were processed with laser capture microdissection and low volume amplified. The results were summarized and superimposed to obtain a complete single typing, which matched the single semen stain typing, with a typing success rate of 84.00%. Single suspect Y-STR typing was obtained with the application of the method above in actual cases, which provided evidence basis for rapid solving of the case. Conclusion The combination of PSA colloidal gold immunoassay strip method, immunomagnetic beads method and laser capture microdissection can be used to separate and confirm the mixed semen stains.不同免疫学检验方法对混合精斑的检测及应用.目的 利用免疫学检验方法对混合精斑进行分离确证，寻找更有效的混合精斑检测方法。 方法 将3名志愿者的精液混合后，分别用前列腺特异性抗原（prostate-specific antigen，PSA）胶体金免疫试纸条法、免疫磁珠法以及激光捕获显微切割技术对混合精斑进行处理和检测，对分型结果进行统计，并与单一精斑结果进行比较。 结果 经PSA胶体金免疫试纸条法测试，各样品在测试区和控制区内均出现一条紫红色条带；经免疫磁珠法处理后，检出更完整有效的短串联重复（short tandem repeat，STR）分型；应用激光捕获显微切割技术对混合精斑进行处理并经低体积扩增后，将结果汇总、叠加获得完整的单一分型，与单一精斑分型相匹配，分型成功率为84.00%。把上述方法应用于实际案件中，获得了单一的嫌疑人Y-STR分型，为案件的快速破获提供了证据基础。 结论 联合应用PSA胶体金免疫试纸条法、免疫磁珠法以及激光捕获显微切割技术可快速对混合精斑进行分离检验。.法医遗传学；短串联重复；Y染色体；混合精斑；免疫胶体金；免疫磁珠；激光捕获显微切割.