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It is becoming increasingly difficult to know who is working on what and how in computational studies of Dialectal Arabic. This study comes to chart the field by conducting a systematic literature review that is intended to give insight into the most and least popular research areas, dialects, machine learning approaches, neural network input features, data types, datasets, system evaluation criteria, publication venues, and publication trends. It is a review that is guided by the norms of systematic reviews. It has taken account of all the research that adopted a computational approach to dialectal Arabic identification and detection and that was published between 2000 and 2020. It collected, analyzed, and collated this research, discovered its trends, and identified research gaps. It revealed, inter alia, that our research effort has not been directed evenly between speech and text or between the vernaculars; there is some bias favoring text over speech, regional varieties over individual vernaculars, and Egyptian over all other vernaculars. Furthermore, there is a clear preference for shallow machine learning approaches, for the use of n-grams, TF-IDF, and MFCC as neural network features, and for accuracy as a statistical measure of validation of results. This paper also pointed to some glaring gaps in the research: (1) total neglect of Mauritanian and Bahraini in the continuous Arabic language area and of such enclave varieties as Anatolian Arabic, Khuzistan Arabic, Khurasan Arabic, Uzbekistan Arabic, the Subsaharan Arabic of Nigeria and Chad, Djibouti Arabic, Cypriot Arabic and Maltese; (2) scarcity of city dialect resources; (3) rarity of linguistic investigations that would complement our research; (4) and paucity of deep machine learning experimentation.

Recently, Sentiment Analysis (SA) in Arabic has gained considerable interest in the research community. Several surveys were conducted concerning Arabic sentiment analysis at one hand and the Arabic dialects on the other hand. However, analyzing the Arabic dialect sentiment analysis in social media context is still questioned and requires further examination. This study aims to systematically review and synthesizes the Arabic sentiment analysis studies related to Arabic dialects aiming to provide a full analysis of 60 research articles from 2012 to 2020. The results pointed out that SVM and NB are the most frequent research ML algorithms used to classify Arabic dialect sentiments. Besides, tweets are required by most articles to carry out their experiments besides getting results. The results also revealed that the most studied dialects are Saudi, Egyptian, Jordanian, and Algerian. To that end, this systematic review paper's outcomes offer an insight into the current trend of Arabic sentiment analysis research involving Arabic dialect studies and form an essential reference for scholars in the Arabic Natural Language Processing context.

Summary The finding that dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses has stimulated research on harnessing DCs for developing more effective vaccines for DC therapy. The expression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents a unique opportunity to target these viral proteins for tumour immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that Vγ9γδT cells, innate immune cells activated by zoledronate (Z) and Vα24 natural killer (Vα24NK) cells, innate/adaptive immune cells activated by α-galactosylceramide (G) can link innate and adaptive immunities through cross-talk with interferon (IFN) DCs from patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and healthy donors in a manner that can amplify the activation and proliferation of CMVpp65-specific CD8+ T cells. The IFN DCs derived from patients with GBM used in this study express lower levels of programmed cell death ligand (PD)-L1 and PD-L2 and higher levels of C-C receptor 7 (CCR7) than the most commonly used mature interleukin (IL)-4 DCs. The expression level of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) on CD8+ T cells, including CMVpp65-specific CD8+ T cells, expanded by IFN DCs pulsed with the CMVpp65-peptide and Z plus G (IFN DCs/P+Z+G), was lower than that expanded by IFN DCs pulsed with the peptide alone (IFN DCs/P). Multi-functional T cells, including human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted CMVpp65-specific CD8+ T cells, Vγ9γδT cells and Vα24NKT cells, efficiently kill the HLA-A*0201-positive GBM cell line expressing CMVpp65 protein (T98G). These findings indicate that DC therapy using IFN DCs/P+Z+G and/or CTL therapy using CMVpp65-specific CD8+ T cells expanded by IFN DCs/P+Z+G may lead to a good clinical outcome for patients with GBM.

We have searched for a sign of the past dynamical disturbance events on NGC 1068, an archetypical Type-2 Seyfert galaxy, using deep and wide optical imaging data by the Subaru telescope. The data taken by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) as well as the archived data by Suprime-Cam reveal several faint outer structures of the galaxy, most of which were never reported before. We discover three large (re = 3 -5.5 kpc), extremely diffuse objects (UDOs) within 45 kpc from the center of NGC 1068. We suggest that two of these UDOs are actually a part of a large loop-like structure surrounding NGC 1068. Such an extremely faint loop or stream is the direct evidence for a past minor merger event. The third UDO has a distorted morphology, suggesting that it is under the influence of strong tidal field. Furthermore, we have identified another ultra-diffuse but compact (μ0,r > 25 mag arcsec-2, re ~ 0.8kpc) dwarf galaxy within ~140 kpc from NGC 1068. We speculate that this ultra-diffuse dwarf could be the object related to the ancient tidal disruption event (tidal dwarf) during the early mass assembly period of NGC 1068. We also detect an asymmetric outer one-arm structure emanated from the western edge of the outermost disk of NGC 1068 together with a ripple-like structure at the opposite side. These structures are also expected to arise in a late phase (up to several billion years ago) of a minor merger, according to numerical simulations. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the AGN activity in NGC 1068 is caused by a past minor merger.

Objective To demonstrate the relationship between short physical performance battery (SPPB) and sarcopenia, and to determine the cut-off point for sarcopenia using SPPB scores in older cardiac inpatients. Methods This cross-sectional study included 74 older cardiac inpatients (mean age 78.2 years; 43.2% women). We evaluated the presence of sarcopenia and the SPPB before hospital discharge. We defined sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia-suggested diagnostic algorithm. The SPPB scores were categorised into three groups (0–6, 7–9, and 10–12). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the relationships between various SPPB categories and the presence of sarcopenia using univariate and multivariate analyses. The cut-off point of SPPB score for determining sarcopenia was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The presence of sarcopenia in the 0–6, 7–9, and 10–12 of SPPB score groups were 87.5%, 78.6%, and 17.3%, respectively. After adjustments for conditions of cardiac diseases, the OR (95% CI) in reference to the patients with scores of 10–12 were 22.16 (1.53–321.45) in the patients with scores of 7–9, and 141.04 (1.90–10,481.96) in the patients with scores of 0–6. The cut-off point of SPPB score for determining sarcopenia was 9.5 (sensitivity, 0.92; specificity, 0.67; area under the curve, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.94; P Conclusions The SPPB score was significantly associated with sarcopenia. Additionally, the cut-off point of SPPB score for determining sarcopenia was 9/10 in older cardiac inpatients.

Grammaticalization is a challenging topic in the study of historical semantics. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of all publications (i.e., journal articles, chapters, books, and dissertations) which study grammaticalization within a cognitive semantic framework. It seeks to offer an exhaustive summary of the literature and to appraise it critically for the purpose of identifying how words get grammaticalized and begin to express modality, tense, and aspect.

We present a collection of morphologically annotated corpora for seven Arabic dialects: Taizi Yemeni, Sanaani Yemeni, Najdi, Jordanian, Syrian, Iraqi and Moroccan Arabic. The corpora collectively cover over 200,000 words, and are all manually annotated in a common set of standards for orthography, diacritized lemmas, tokenization, morphological units and English glosses. These corpora will be publicly available to serve as benchmarks for training and evaluating systems for Arabic dialect morphological analysis and disambiguation.

The finding that dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses has stimulated research on harnessing DCs for developing more effective vaccines for DC therapy. The expression of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents a unique opportunity to target these viral proteins for tumour immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that Vγ9γδT cells, innate immune cells activated by zoledronate (Z) and Vα24 natural killer (Vα24NK) cells, innate/adaptive immune cells activated by α-galactosylceramide (G) can link innate and adaptive immunities through cross-talk with interferon (IFN) DCs from patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and healthy donors in a manner that can amplify the activation and proliferation of CMVpp65-specific CD8

This paper presents a historical Arabic corpus named HAC. At this early embryonic stage of the project, we report about the design, the architecture and some of the experiments which we have conducted on HAC. The corpus, and accordingly the search results, will be represented using a primary XML exchange format. This will serve as an intermediate exchange tool within the project and will allow the user to process the results offline using some external tools. HAC is made up of Classical Arabic texts that cover 1600 years of language use; the Quranic text, Modern Standard Arabic texts, as well as a variety of monolingual Arabic dictionaries. The development of this historical corpus assists linguists and Arabic language learners to effectively explore, understand, and discover interesting knowledge hidden in millions of instances of language use. We used techniques from the field of natural language processing to process the data and a graph-based representation for the corpus. We provided researchers with an export facility to render further linguistic analysis possible.

Observations of solar radio bursts is a useful tool to study non-thermal electron acceleration and the plasma environment in the solar corona. The radio bursts in a frequency range from 150 to 500 MHz with fine temporal and spectral resolutions (10 ms and 61 kHz) have been observed with the AMATERAS radio spectro– polarimeter installed at the Iitate Planetary Radio Telescope since 2010. Here we review results obtained from the AMATERAS observation and introduce the database which is open to the public. The AMATERAS receiver consists of a wideband and low-noise front–end receiver and a digital spectrometer. Both right and left-hand polarized components are simultaneously observed. The combination of a large aperture area of the telescope and the digital receiver enables us to observe the radio burst with high dynamic range and fine spectral resolution. After a daily observation of the Sun, a data processing pipeline generates low and high resolution data sets. The low resolution data with reduced resolutions of 1 s, 1 MHz, and 8 bits is converted to the FITS format and distributed through the AMATERAS Data Center. Quick look (PNG format) and meta-data of the FITS–format file are registered to the Virtual European Solar and Planetary Access (VESPA) and Inter– university Upper atmosphere Global Observation NETwork (IUGONET) database. The high resolution data set has fine resolutions of 10 ms and 61 kHz, but the dynamic range is reduced to be 8 or 16 bits depending on the intensity of the radio burst observed. It is currently provided on request basis. ∗

[1] We describe the Mars ionosphere with unprecedented detail in 3-D, as simulated by a Mars general circulation model (the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique Mars GCM), and compare it with recent measurements. The model includes a number of recent extensions and improvements. Different simulations for a full Martian year have been performed. The electron density at the main ionospheric peak is shown to vary with the Sun-Mars distance and with the solar variability, both in the long-term (11 year solar cycle) and on shorter temporal scales (solar rotation). The main electronic peak is shown to be located at the same pressure level during all the Martian year. As a consequence, its altitude varies with latitude, local time, and season according to the natural expansions and fluctuations of the neutral atmosphere, in agreement with previous models. The model predicts a nighttime ionosphere due only to photochemistry. The simulated ionosphere close to the evening terminator is in agreement with observations. No effort has been made to explain the patchy ionosphere observed in the deep nightside. We have compared the modeled ionosphere with Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding data. The model reproduces the solar zenith angle variability of the electron density and the altitude of the peak, although it underestimates the electron density at the main peak by about 20%. The electron density at the secondary peak is strongly underestimated by the model, probably due to a very crude representation of the X-ray solar flux. This is one of the aspects that needs a revision in future versions of the model.

Summary Polaromonas naphthalenivorans strain CJ2 is a Gram-negative betaproteobacterium that was identified, using stable isotope probing in 2003, as a dominant in situ degrader of naphthalene in coal tar-contaminated sediments. The sequenced genome of strain CJ2 revealed several genes conferring nitrogen fixation within a 65.6 kb region of strain CJ2's chromosome that is absent in the genome of its closest sequenced relative Polaromonas sp. strain JS666. Laboratory growth and nitrogenase assays verified that these genes are functional, providing an alternative source of nitrogen in N-free media when using naphthalene or pyruvate as carbon sources. Knowing this, we investigated if nitrogen-fixation activity could be detected in microcosms containing sediments from the field site where strain CJ2 was isolated. Inducing nitrogen limitation with the addition of glucose or naphthalene stimulated nitrogenase activity in amended sediments, as detected using the acetylene reduction assay. With the use of fluorescence microscopy, we screened the microcosm sediments for the presence of active strain CJ2 cells using a dual-labelling approach. When we examined the carbon-amended microcosm sediments stained with both a strain CJ2-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization probe and a polyclonal fluorescently tagged antibody, we were able to detect dual-labelled active cells. In contrast, in sediments that received no carbon addition (showing no nitrogenase activity), no dual-labelled cells were detected. Furthermore, the naphthalene amendment enhanced the proportion of active strain CJ2 cells in the sediment relative to a glucose amendment. Field experiments performed in sediments where strain CJ2 was isolated showed nitrogenase activity in response to dosing with naphthalene. Dual-label fluorescence staining of these sediments showed a fivefold increase in active strain CJ2 in the sediments dosed with naphthalene over those dosed with deionized water. These experiments show that nitrogen fixation may play an important role in naphthalene biodegradation by strain CJ2 and contribute to its ecological success.

The palisade vessels present at the distal end of the esophagus are considered to be a landmark of the esophagogastric junction and indispensable for diagnosis of columnar-lined esophagus on the basis of the Japanese criteria. Here we clarified the features of normal palisade vessels at the esophagogastric junction using magnifying endoscopy. We prospectively studied palisade vessels in 15 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy using a GIF-H260Z instrument (Olympus Medical Systems Co., Tokyo, Japan). All views of the palisade vessels were obtained at the maximum magnification power in the narrow band imaging mode. We divided the area in which palisade vessels were present into three sections: the area from the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) to about 1 cm orad within the esophagus (Section 1); the area between sections 1 and 3 (Section 2); and the area from the upper limit of the palisade vessels to about 1 cm distal within the esophagus (Section 3). In each section, we analyzed the vessel density, caliber of the palisade vessels, and their branching pattern. The vessel density in Sections 1, 2, and 3 was 9.1 ± 2.1, 8.0 ± 2.6, and 3.3 ± 1.3 per high-power field (mean ± standard deviation [SD]), respectively, and the differences were significant between Sections 1 and 2 (P= 0.0086) and between Sections 2 and 3 (P < 0.0001). The palisade vessel caliber in Sections 1, 2, and 3 was 127.6 ± 52.4 µm, 149.6 ± 58.6 µm, and 199.5 ± 75.1 µm (mean ± SD), respectively, and the differences between Sections 1 and 2, and between Sections 2 and 3, were significant (P < 0.0001). With regard to branching form, the frequency of branching was highest in Section 1, and the 'normal Y' shape was observed more frequently than in Sections 2 and 3. Toward the oral side, the frequency of branching diminished, and the frequency of the 'upside down Y' shape increased. The differences in branching form were significant among the three sections (P < 0.0001). These results indicate that the density of palisade vessels is highest near the SCJ, and that towards their upper limit they gradually become more confluent and show an increase of thickness. Within a limited area near the SCJ, observations of branching form suggest that palisade vessels merge abruptly on the distal side. We have demonstrated that palisade vessels are a useful marker for endoscopic recognition of the lower esophagus.

Microbial processes are crucial for ecosystem maintenance, yet documentation of these processes in complex open field sites is challenging. Here we used a multidisciplinary strategy (site geochemistry, laboratory biodegradation assays, and field extraction of molecular biomarkers) to deduce an ongoing linkage between aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and nitrogen cycling in a contaminated subsurface site. Three site wells were monitored over a 10-month period, which revealed fluctuating concentrations of nitrate, ammonia, sulfate, sulfide, methane, and other constituents. Biodegradation assays performed under multiple redox conditions indicated that naphthalene metabolism was favored under aerobic conditions. To explore in situ field processes, we measured metabolites of anaerobic naphthalene metabolism and expressed mRNA transcripts selected to document aerobic and anaerobic microbial transformations of ammonia, nitrate, and methylated aromatic contaminants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection of two carboxylated naphthalene metabolites and transcribed benzylsuccinate synthase, cytochrome c nitrite reductase, and ammonia monooxygenase genes indicated that anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds and both dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) and nitrification occurred in situ . These data link formation (via DNRA) and destruction (via nitrification) of ammonia to in situ cycling of nitrogen in this subsurface habitat, where metabolism of aromatic pollutants has led to accumulation of reduced metabolic end products (e.g., ammonia and methane).

Fe81(Si0.3B0.7)17C2 amorphous powder cores with glass binder were fabricated by compact-pressing techniques, and the relation between magnetic properties and powder particle sizes was evaluated. The Fe81 (Si0.3B0.7)17C2 powder core exhibited superior magnetic properties compared with our previously developed (Fe0.97Cr0.03)76 (Si0.5 B0.5 )22C2 powder core. The magnetic flux density Bm of the core made of Fe81 system powders at 20 000 A/m was about 29% higher than that of Fe76 system core. The core loss decreased with decreasing particle sizes. For the core made of powders with mean particle size of 22 mum below 45 mum in diameter, the loss at 100 kHz for Bm = 0.1 T was 520 kW/m3. This value was comparable to that of Fe76 system powder core with a lower flux density. In addition, fairly superior characteristics of permeability under dc bias field were also attained. The values of Fe81 system core was about 10% higher than that of Fe 76 system almost over the entire range measured.

The propensity for groundwater ecosystems to recover from contamination by organic chemicals (in this case, coal-tar waste) is of vital concern for scientists and engineers who manage polluted sites. The microbially mediated cleanup processes are also of interest to ecologists because they are an important mechanism for the resilience of ecosystems. In this study we establish the long-term dynamic nature of a coal-tar waste-contaminated site and its microbial community. We present 16 years of chemical monitoring data, tracking responses of a groundwater ecosystem to organic contamination (naphthalene, xylenes, toluene, 2-methyl naphthalene and acenaphthylene) associated with coal-tar waste. In addition, we analyzed small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from two contaminated wells at multiple time points over a 2-year period. Principle component analysis of community rRNA fingerprints (terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)) showed that the composition of native microbial communities varied temporally, yet remained distinctive from well to well. After screening and analysis of 1178 cloned SSU rRNA genes from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya, we discovered that the site supports a robust variety of eukaryotes (for example, alveolates (especially anaerobic and predatory ciliates), stramenopiles, fungi, even the small metazoan flatworm, Suomina) that are absent from an uncontaminated control well. This study links the dynamic microbial composition of a contaminated site with the long-term attenuation of its subsurface contaminants.

An irradiation-experimental equipment for 12 in neutron transmutation doping silicon (NTD-Si) was designed conceptually by using MCNP5 in order to improve the neutron flux distribution of the radial direction. As a result of the calculations, the neutron absorption reaction ratio of the circumference to the center could be limited within 1.09 using a thermal neutron filter that covers the surface of the silicon ingot. The uniformity of the 30Si neutron absorption was less than 5.3%.

Tracking of a cord plug of household appliance connected to an outlet is considered one of causes of fire accident, which is observed when dust is accumulated in the space between the plug and the outlet and then wetted by dew condensation. It is strongly requested to detect the tracking in order to interrupt power supply before ignition. In the present study, a novel method was developed to detect current flowing on a cord plug surface between electrodes, whose magnitude is much smaller than that of a load current. Results of fundamental studies on surface current characteristics under artificially contaminated and wetted conditions and their relation with tracking progression are reported.

A directional coupler using a CoFeB magnetic/polyimide dielectric hybrid transmission line was fabricated and evaluated under a large-signal transmission condition from 0.5 to 2 W. The device consists of a [polyimide (1μm)/CoFeB (1μm)/polyimide (1μm)] sandwich between upper Cu coupled lines (3μm thick and 12μm wide) and a lower Cu ground plane (3μm). The electromagnetic coupling between the top main line and the sub-line is composed of the electric field coupling due to the stub capacitors and the magnetic field coupling through the inner magnetic film. The fabricated CoFeB magnetic thin film directional coupler exhibited excellent large-signal transmission characteristics even at a rating power of 2 W in a real cellular phone application. In addition, such a large-signal characteristic was acceptable for a wideband frequency of 0.8 to 2.4 GHz, which was mainly due to the non-resonance operation.

AC losses in power transmission cables composed of coated conductors could be potentially small. A strategy to approach their potentially small AC loss was studied. AC losses in mono-layer conductors for cables were calculated numerically in order to show the principle for AC loss reduction: use of narrower coated conductors and/or decrease in space between conductors reduce the magnetic field component perpendicular to the wide face of coated conductors, and they are effective for AC loss reduction. This principle was confirmed experimentally by using short mono-layer conductors. Based on the principle, 1 kArms-class three-layer conductors were fabricated, and AC loss of 0.054 W/m at 1 kArms was achieved in a three-layer conductor whose outer diameter is 19.6 mm. The influence of a magnetic substrate on the AC losses in a single coated conductor and a mono-layer conductor for a cable was studied numerically.

Co-based amorphous powder was produced by a new atomization process “Spinning Water Atomization Process(SWAP)”, having both rapid super-cooling rate and mass production potential. The composition of the alloys was((Co0.95Fe0.05)1-xCrx)75Si15B10 (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075). The powders obtained were in the amorphous state at particlesize up to 500 μm and exhibited good magnetic softness. The coercive force of powders was about 27.1-53.3 A/m.Furthermore, Co-based amorphous powder cores with glass binders were also fabricated by pressing and annealingmethods. For the core pressed at 2 GPa in room temperature and annealed at 763 K ×15 min. in air, the initialpermeability up to 100 kHz was about 110 and the core loss at 100 kHz for Bm=0.05 T was 85 kW/m3. Comparedwith Fe-based amorphous powder core, the former was 30 % higher and the latter was 40 % lower.

This paper presents results of bispectral analysis applied to floating potential fluctuations in the edge region of ohmically heated plasmas in the JAERI Fusion Torus-2 Modified (JFT-2M) tokamak. Inside the outermost surface of plasmas, coherent mode fluctuations (CMs) in floating potential were observed around the frequency of the geodesic acoustic mode. The squared bicoherence shows significant nonlinear couplings between the CMs and background fluctuations. The biphase at the frequency of the CMs is localized around π, while that at frequencies of background fluctuations distributes in a wide range. The total bicoherence at the frequency of the CMs is proportional to the squared amplitude of the CMs. These observations are consistent with the theoretical prediction on the drift wave-zonal flow systems. Interpretation of the absolute value of the total bicoherence is also discussed.

The NDIR (nondispersive infrared) monitor provided with a smart network interface is developed for distributed measurements of CO/sub 2/ gas concentration in the atmospheric air. Two thermopiles in a single package, one for measuring the spectrum absorption at 4.26 /spl mu/m band due to CO/sub 2/ molecules in the air and the other for monitoring the infrared (IR) intensity emitted by an incandescent lamp, are used for canceling the effects of temperature and aging by the ratiometric signal processing. The double sampling is also used for canceling the offsets of thermopiles and the signal conditioner. These signal processing techniques and the online calibration make it possible to achieve the measurement accuracy of /spl plusmn/40 ppm over the CO/sub 2/ concentration range from 500 to 2000 ppm with low-cost implementation. The temperature dependence is 1.5 ppm//spl deg/C, and the response time is 1.5 min. Access to the monitor through the Internet is made by a Java applet and client programs in the C language.

The 500 m high temperature superconducting cable (HTS cable) is 77 kV 1 kA single-core cable with LN2-impregnated paper insulation. Demonstration and verification test of 500 m HTS cable has been started from March 2004 and many useful results can be obtained in the test for future practical uses. Furukawa Electric has mainly taken charge of designing, manufacturing and installation of the 500 m cable. In the manufacturing process, the cable could be fabricated without Ic degradation in Ag/Bi-2223 tapes. Moreover, various factory tests were carried out for the 500 m cable. The result of tests showed that the cable has sufficiently satisfied the quality requirement. In the installation, the cable was successfully pulled into a cable duct of 170 m long like actual underground cable installations.

To explore the possibilities of producing Nd–Fe–B materials for the application of mechanically oriented composite magnets, Nd12.6Fe62.3Co17.4Al0.6Zr0.1B7.0 alloy flakes were prepared by hydrogenation–decomposition–desorption–recombination (HDDR)-treating the melt-spun ribbons, and magnetic properties of the resin-bonded compacts made from them were examined. The as-spun ribbons of 230 μm in thickness exhibit a texture with the c-axes of Nd2Fe14B grains oriented perpendicularly to the ribbon planes, and possess low coercivities (HcJ's) of 90 kA/m. HDDR treatment can induce high HcJ's of approximately 880 kA/m in these ribbons maintaining the original crystallographic orientation. The flakes obtained by crushing the HDDR-treated ribbons can be mechanically aligned by compaction molding with no applied magnetic field. The resin-bonded compact prepared from the flakes with the highest magnetic anisotropy exhibits Br of 0.78 T and (BH)max of 106 kJ/m3 in the pressing direction (easy magnetization direction), when its density is 6.0 Mg/m3. These magnetic properties are superior to those of the isotropic resin-bonded magnets produced from the commercially available rapidly quenched Nd–Fe–B powders.

The excited states in the light neutron-rich nucleus 11Be have been studied through the β-delayed neutron- and γ-decays from spin-polarized 11Lig.s.. The level scheme and decay scheme of 11Be∗ are established from the β–γ, β–n and β–n–γ coincidences, and the spins and parities for 7 levels in 11Be are firmly assigned from the β-decay asymmetries measured in coincidence with the delayed radiations. The neutron-spectroscopic factors of the levels in 11Be are also determined. Some of the levels show good accord with predictions by the anti-symmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) theory, which predicts various types of 2α-cluster states in the rotational bands and a single α-cluster state.

Suppression of the insertion loss of a CoFeB/polyimide hybrid thin-film coplanar line for impedance matching in a mobile phone power amplifier module was investigated. To suppress the insertion loss of the CoFeB/polyimide hybrid coplanar line, various techniques were investigated on the basis of device simulations and fabrication. As a result, it was found that the introduction of a thick copper signal line, a multilayer magnetic film structure and optimum width of the magnetic film were effective for lowering insertion loss. Insertion loss per quarter wavelength of the fabricated devices was below 0.5 dB in the frequency range from 1 to 1.5 GHz.

The detailed level scheme of 11 Be, including spin-parity assignments, has been established from a β -delayed decay spectroscopy of spin-polarized 11 Li ( Li g.s. 11 → β Be * 11 → n Be * 10 → γ Be g.s. 10 ). From the decay scheme of 11 Be, neutron spectroscopic factors of the levels in 11 Be have been determined. The present results have been compared with the predictions by the Anti-symmetrized Molecular Dynamics (AMD) theory, where various types of α -cluster states have been predicted for the excited states both in 11 Be and 10 Be. Some of the levels in 11 Be show good accord with the 2 α -cluster states in the rotational bands and with a single α -cluster state.

(abridged) We investigate photometric properties of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at z=3.5-5.2 based on large samples of 2,600 LBGs detected in deep (i'~27) and wide-field (1,200 arcmin^2) images taken in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF) and the Subaru/XMM Deep Field (SXDF). The selection criteria for the LBG samples are examined with 85 spectroscopically identified objects and by Monte Carlo simulations. We find in the luminosity functions of LBGs (i) that the number density of bright galaxies (M_{1700}100 Msolar yr^{-1}) decreases significantly from z=4 to 5 and (ii) that the faint-end slope of the luminosity function may become steeper towards higher redshifts. We estimate dust extinction of z=4 LBGs with M~0.13., Comment: 41 pages, 22 figures, ApJ in press. Paper with high resolution figures is available at http://hikari.astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ouchi/work/astroph/SDS_V_VI/SDS_V.pdf (PDF)

A hybrid thin-film coplanar transmission line with a CoFeB metallic magnetic film was fabricated and studied. The fabricated devices consisted of top and bottom 3-μm-thick aluminum conductor layers and an inner (0.5-μm-thick polyimide)/(0.5-μm- thick CoFeB)/(0.5-μm-thick polyimide) trilayer. The top conductor layer consisted of a signal line and ground planes on the same plane. The CoFeB metallic magnetic film, exposed to the same thermal process as for the device fabrication, had a static relative permeability of about 180 and an FMR frequency of about 3.7 GHz. The polyimide had a relative permittivity of about 3.5.As a result, the wavelength shortening ratio of the fabricated device was about 0.19 at a frequency of a few gigahertz. The line length and the insertion loss of a quarter-wavelength device were estimated to be about 7 mm and about 2.9 dB at 2 GHz.

We present measurements of the cosmic shear correlation in the shapes of galaxies in the Suprime-Cam 2.1 deg^2 R_c-band imaging data. As an estimator of the shear correlation originated from the gravitational lensing, we adopt the aperture mass variance. We detect a non-zero E mode variance on scales between 2 and 40arcmin. We also detect a small but non-zero B mode variance on scales larger than 5arcmin. We compare the measured E mode variance to the model predictions in CDM cosmologies using maximum likelihood analysis. A four-dimensional space is explored, which examines sigma_8, Omega_m, Gamma and zs (a mean redshift of galaxies). We include three possible sources of error: statistical noise, the cosmic variance estimated using numerical experiments, and a residual systematic effect estimated from the B mode variance. We derive joint constraints on two parameters by marginalizing over the two remaining parameters. We obtain an upper limit of Gamma 0.9 (68% confidence). For a prior Gamma\in[0.1,0.4] and zs\in[0.6,1.4], we find sigma_8=(0.50_{-0.16}^{+0.35})Omega_m^{-0.37} for flat cosmologies and sigma_8=(0.51_{-0.16}^{+0.29})Omega_m^{-0.34}$ for open cosmologies (95% confidence). If we take the currently popular LCDM model, we obtain a one-dimensional confidence interval on sigma_8 for the 95.4% level, 0.62

Background: Intrathoracic stomach is an uncommon condition in infants. We report our experience managing such a condition successfully by laparoscopy in four patients. Methods: Patients’ ages at the time of operation ranged from 30 days to 14 months. In all cases, the intrathoracic stomach was easily pulled down into the abdominal cavity. The phrenoesophageal ligament was completely resected, and the enlarged hiatus was narrowed by intraabdominal suturing technique. The esophagus was wrapped with the mobilized fundus in a floppy fundoplication. Anchoring sutures were placed between the wrapping cuff and crura. Result: One patient had paraesophageal hernia (type 2), whereas the other had combined hiatal hernia (type 3). No adverse complications were observed in any of the cases. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux and radiographic recurrence of hernia were not seen in any case. The cosmesis was excellent in all cases. Conclusions: We conclude that laparoscopic repair for intrathoracic stomach is a safe and feasible method when preoperative evaluation is conducted adequately.

Furukawa Electric is developing technologies for reducing the AC losses in and cooling HTS cables as part of the Super-ACE project. These technologies are important to facilitate the introduction of HTS cable into the electric power network. Furukawa executes research on these topics under the support of Chubu Electric Power Company, Tokyo Electric Power Company and Kansai Electric Power Company. We report on the progress of technology development for cooling long scale superconducting cables. The HTS cable is designed as a single core, 77 kV cable with cryogenic dielectric. A 30 m long cable was manufactured and tested to obtain design data for the 500 m long cable that will be tested in CRIEPI in 2004. The cable manufactured here used transposition tape twisted by six tapes of Bi2223. In the 30 m-cable tests, the influence of thermal contraction on critical current and heat invasion was examined. The tests confirmed that our cable can withstand thermal contraction. Moreover, useful data for cable design such as pressure drop and thermal contraction stress were obtained. We started manufacturing and preparing for substantive tests of 500 m-cable based on the success of these tests.