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BackgroundCathepsin K (CTSK) is a protease that degrades type I collagen and extracellular matrix, thereby contributing to bone resorption and tumor invasion. Some pituitary adenomas (PAs) could invade the sphenoid sinus (SS) and cavernous sinus (CS).PurposeThis retrospective cohort study aimed to study the expression of tumoral biomarkers (CTSK, MMP9, MMP2, TIMP2, and PTTG1) and evaluate their clinical significance in non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) with different invasion patterns.MethodsWe assessed the expression levels of candidate invasion-specific protein biomarkers CTSK, MMP9, MMP2, TIMP2, and PTTG1 by immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded NFPA tumor tissues. Variations in staining intensity were analyzed in cases with SS and CS invasion and non-invasive NFPAs.ResultsWe found that the levels of CTSK were higher in PA cases with SS invasion than that in PA cases with CS invasion (95.57 ± 31.57 vs. 65.29 ± 29.64, P < 0.001), and the expression of MMP9 and MMP2 was higher in CS-invasive cases than that in SS-invasive cases (145.02 ± 49.25 vs. 111.80 ± 51.37, P = 0.002, and 138.67 ± 52.06 vs. 108.30 ± 41.70, P = 0.002). Multiple Cox regression demonstrated that higher CTSK expression (P=0.011), subtotal resection (PConclusionOur data indicated that CTSK has the potential as a marker for SS invasion of PAs, whereas MMP9 and MMP2 may be markers for CS invasion. And CTSK may play an important role in tumor relapse.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Primer sequences of target genes (mice). Fig. S1. The induction of obese mice. Fig. S2. UC-MSC homing in obese mice. Fig. S3. The effect of UC-MSC infusions on macrophages in the spleen. Fig. S4. The effect of UC-MSC infusions on B10 cells in the spleen. Fig. S5. The effect of UC-MSC infusions on CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the spleen. Fig. S6. The effect of UC-MSC infusions on monocytes, neutrophils and NK cells in the spleen.

This article focuses on three industries—primary, secondary, tertiary, their internal industrial restructuring, studies the relationship between total energy consumption, intensity and economic development. Statistical analysis showed that energy production, consumption and economy had rapid, synchronous growth trends; Henan unit energy intensity was higher than the national average; from 1990 to 2008, comprehensive energy consumption intensity continued to decline, comprehensive energy efficiency continued going up; Henan general trend of unit energy intensity was very consistent with that in the secondary industry; both in all the three industries and just in the secondary, efficiency was dominant factor leading to unit energy intensity decline, especially in the secondary, structural factor was not prominent; Henan further decline in unit energy intensity depends on the contribution of structural factor, the industrial structure adjustment for energy-saving has a long way to go.

This article focuses on three-industry Structure and their internal industrial structure restructuring in Henan Province, studying difficulties, measures and solutions of energy saving, mainly concentrated on decreasing unit energy consumption intensity. Analysis results show that although the structure of Henan Province has experienced a 20-year adjustment, in the currently established framework of the industrial structure, economic growth and energy consumption has an inverted U-curve relationship; and the adjustment has not yet reached a turning point in the short term, energy consumption has been growing with economic growth rapidly. In the long term, once Henan Province comes into the later stages of industrialization or post-industrial period, the industrial structure adjustment and optimization can certainly reduce energy use intensity. This paper has also put forward some industrial restructuring proposals of energy-saving. First, adapt the industrial structure to changes in the demand structure. Second, set priority to supporting new industries consistent with the characteristics of new industrialization, and transform and upgrade traditional pillar industries. Third, vigorously promote the industries clustering, three- system (industrialization, urbanization, innovation) building. Fourth, stimulate consumption, encourage private capital, expand exports and increase the strength and competitive force of the tertiary industry.

Zhengzhou, located in central China, is the provincial capital of Henan Province where there is few main roads, more vehicles, big population density which lead to heavy city traffic. Private car sharing can ease the increasing traffic pressure over time, and can improve the utilization rate and economical benefit of private cars, lift the burden on the environment. The pioneering work is to create a website for planning private car sharing. This article argues that the website setting-up necessity and feasibility and puts forth the site's profitability model, stresses the importance of the external environment that should be given to support and discusses how to build it from the culture orientation, the early promotion, the initial operating and capital budgets.