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2. Author response for 'Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients'

Author

null Journe, Valentin, null Andrus, Robert, null Aravena, Marie-Claire, null Ascoli, Davide, null Berretti, Roberta, null Berveiller, Daniel, null Bogdziewicz, Michal, null Boivin, Thomas, null Bonal, Raul, null Caignard, Thomas, null Calama, Rafael, null Julio Camarero, Jesus, null Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, null Courbaud, Benoit, null Courbet, Francois, null Curt, Thomas, null Das, Adrian J., null Daskalakou, Evangelia, null Davi, Hendrik, null Delpierre, Nicolas, null Delzon, Sylvain, null Dietze, Michael, null Donoso Calderon, Sergio, null Dormont, Laurent, null Maria Espelta, Josep, null Fahey, Timothy J., null Farfan-Rios, William, null Gehring, Catherine A., null Gilbert, Gregory S., null Gratzer, Georg, null Greenberg, Cathryn H., null Guo, Qinfeng, null Hacket-Pain, Andrew, null Hampe, Arndt, null Han, Qingmin, null Lambers, Janneke Hille Ris, null Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, null Ibanez, Ines, null Johnstone, Jill F., null Kabeya, Daisuke, null Kays, Roland, null Kitzberger, Thomas, null Knops, Johannes M. H., null Kobe, Richard K., null Kunstler, Georges, null Lageard, Jonathan G. A., null LaMontagne, Jalene M., null Leininger, Theodor, null Limousin, Jean-Marc, null Lutz, James A., null Macias, Diana, null McIntire, Eliot J. B., null Moore, Christopher M., null Moran, Emily, null Motta, Renzo, null Myers, Jonathan A., null Nagel, Thomas A., null Noguchi, Kyotaro, null Ourcival, Jean-Marc, null Parmenter, Robert, null Pearse, Ian S., null Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M., null Piechnik, Lukasz, null Poulsen, John, null Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, null Qiu, Tong, null Redmond, Miranda D., null Reid, Chantal D., null Rodman, Kyle C., null Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, null Sanguinetti, Javier D., null Scher, C. Lane, null Schmidt Van Marle, Harald, null Seget, Barbara, null Sharma, Shubhi, null Silman, Miles, null Steele, Michael A., null Stephenson, Nathan L., null Straub, Jacob N., null Swenson, Jennifer J., null Swift, Margaret, null Thomas, Peter A., null Uriarte, Maria, null Vacchiano, Giorgio, null Veblen, Thomas T., null Whipple, Amy, V, null Whitham, Thomas G., null Wright, Boyd, null Wright, S. Joseph, null Zhu, Kai, null Zimmerman, Jess K., null Zlotin, Roman, null Zywiec, Magdalena, and null Clark, James S.

Published
2022
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4. Additional file 1 of Large-diameter trees, snags, and deadwood in southern Utah, USA

Author

Lutz, James A., Soren Struckman, Furniss, Tucker J., Birch, Joseph D., Yocom, Larissa L., and McAvoy, Darren J.

Subjects
InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Data_FILES, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
Abstract

Additional file 1. Supplementary information.

Published
2021
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6. Additional file 1 of Large-diameter trees dominate snag and surface biomass following reintroduced fire

Author

Lutz, James A., Soren Struckman, Furniss, Tucker J., C. Alina Cansler, Germain, Sara J., Yocom, Larissa L., McAvoy, Darren J., Kolden, Crystal A., Smith, Alistair M. S., Swanson, Mark E., and Larson, Andrew J.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Yearly totals of trees, snags, and deadwood for the Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot including recruitment, two different categories of mortality (transitions of trees to the snag pool and transitions of trees directly to the surface deadwood pool) and snagfall (transition of a snag to the surface deadwood pool). Dead trees ≥1.37 m tall are classified as snags. Dead trees with a remaining stump height

Published
2020
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7. Solar Water Heating Assessment Project: Understanding and Improving Effectiveness for California Households

Author

Moezzi, Mithra, Ingle, Aaron, Outcault, Sarah, Sanguinetti, Angela, Lutzenhiser, Loren, Wilhite, Hal, Lutz, James D., Meier, Alan, and Kutzleb, Jennifer

Abstract

Solar thermal water heaters are an old technology used a century ago in California. They are now used extensively, in updated form, in many countries. According to government and industry estimates, well-functioning solar water heaters can theoretically displace 50 to 80 percent of the output of a natural gas-fueled household water heater, depending how hot water usage aligns with production and storage capacities. In so doing, they offer tremendous potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fuel consumption, and energy bills. Such performance holds promise for California given its climate change and energy efficiency policy goals, since 40 percent of the natural gas used in California households is used to produce hot water. However, absent programs, only a specialty market for solar water heaters has developed. To encourage wider deployment, the California Solar Initiative—Thermal program offers financial incentives for systems qualifying under a carefully crafted set of specifications. The program has had some limited success since its inception in 2010. Within that context, this research assessed the performance and potential future use of natural gas-displacing solar water heaters in single-family homes in California, attending to a wide range of sociotechnical considerations. This project documented high diversity in user satisfaction and perceived system performance, and a qualified decrease in project costs to below $5,000 per installation. Solar water heating is a technology in progress, not universally suitable but instead appealing to varied niches shaped by household sensibilities, abilities, and hot water use levels. Thus, recent evolution provides a counterpoint to the pessimism, even as serious difficulties remain. The suitability of solar water heating for California households is not purely a matter of costeffectiveness within a typical energy efficiency framework, but also of evolving performance, perceptions, and values in light of ongoing and aspirational energy and social transitions ahead.

Published
2019

8. Determining the Sensitivity of Grassland Area Burned to Climate Variation in Xilingol, China, With an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach

Author

Shabbir, Ali Hassan, Zhang, Jiquan, Liu, Xingpeng, Lutz, James A., Valencia, Carlos, Johnston, James D., and C S I R O Publishing

Subjects
climate change, climate sensitivity, grassland fire, Life Sciences, ARDL model
Abstract

We examined the relationship between climate variables and grassland area burned in Xilingol, China, from 2001 to 2014 using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, and describe the application of this econometric method to studies of climate influences on wildland fire. We show that there is a stationary linear combination of non-stationary climate time series (cointegration) that can be used to reliably estimate the influence of different climate signals on area burned. Our model shows a strong relationship between maximum temperature and grassland area burned. Mean monthly wind speed and monthly hours of sunlight were also strongly associated with area burned, whereas minimum temperature and precipitation were not. Some climate variables like wind speed had significant immediate effects on area burned, the strength of which varied over the 2001–14 observation period (in econometrics terms, a ‘short-run’ effect). The relationship between temperature and area burned exhibited a steady-state or ‘long-run’ relationship. We analysed three different periods (2001–05, 2006–10 and 2011–14) to illustrate how the effects of climate on area burned vary over time. These results should be helpful in estimating the potential impact of changing climate on the eastern Eurasian Steppe.

Published
2019

9. Genetic and spatial structuring of Populus tremuloides in a mixed-species forest of southwest Utah, USA

Author

Bishop, Matthew, Furniss, Tucker J, Mock, Karen E, and Lutz, James A

Subjects
fungi, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Plant Sciences, Agriculture, Genetics and Genomics, Forest Sciences
Abstract

Populus tremuloides Michx. (aspen) is an iconic species of the southwestern United States, where it is known for its extensive clonality. The size of clones and pattern of clonal distribution within and among stands can provide important clues to the species’ evolution and ecology, but there are very few studies that have conducted the type of sampling necessary to define these features. We examined the genetic composition and habitat associations of aspen in a mixed-species forest in Cedar Breaks National Monument on the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah. Genetic analysis of 94 stems ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) selected from a population census of 2742 stems within a contiguous 13.64-ha plot revealed 2 spatially cohesive triploid genets and 2 diploid genets (all differing in 8 to 15 alleles). Aspen abundance within the 13.64 ha varied between 0 and 634 stems/ha across 8 distinct habitat types. Regenerating aspen stems (1 cm ≤ dbh < 5 cm) varied between 0 and 112 stems/ha, with higher levels of regeneration in habitats with greater aspen dominance relative to other tree species. Recent regeneration may have been stimulated by a Dendroctonous rufipennis outbreak in the 1990s, which killed a high proportion of Picea engelmannii. Even though the visual impression is of a single aspen clone, the 4 identified genets suggest a higher-than-expected level of genetic diversity in this mixed-species stand which may confer resilience to increasing climate variability and drought. Furthermore, aspen regeneration in areas of both low and high adult aspen densities show that these mixed stands can support vigorous aspen populations.

Published
2019

10. Tree Circumference Dynamics in Four Forests Characterized Using Automated Dendrometer Bands

Author

Herrmann, Valentine, McMahon, Sean M., Detto, Matteo, Lutz, James A., Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, and Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J.

Subjects
Forest Sciences
Abstract

Stem diameter is one of the most commonly measured attributes of trees, forming the foundation of forest censuses and monitoring. Changes in tree stem circumference include both irreversible woody stem growth and reversible circumference changes related to water status, yet these fine-scale dynamics are rarely leveraged to understand forest ecophysiology and typically ignored in plot- or stand-scale estimates of tree growth and forest productivity. Here, we deployed automated dendrometer bands on 12–40 trees at four different forested sites—two temperate broadleaf deciduous, one temperate conifer, and one tropical broad-leaf semi-deciduous—to understand how tree circumference varies on time scales of hours to months, how these dynamics relate to environmental conditions, and whether the structure of these variations might introduce substantive error into estimates of woody growth. Diurnal stem circumference dynamics measured over the bark commonly—but not consistently—exhibited daytime shrinkage attributable to transpiration-driven changes in stem water storage. The amplitude of this shrinkage was significantly correlated with climatic variables (daily temperature range, vapor pressure deficit, and radiation), sap flow and evapotranspiration. Diurnal variations were typically

Published
2016

11. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide

Author

Zhong, Yonglin, Chu, Chengjin, Myers, Jonathan A., Gilbert, Gregory S., Lutz, James A., Stillhard, Jonas, Zhu, Kai, Thompson, Jill, Baltzer, Jennifer L., He, Fangliang, LaManna, Joseph A., Davies, Stuart J., Aderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Burslem, David F.R.P., Alonso, Alfonso, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Wang, Xugao, Gao, Lianming, Orwig, David A., Yin, Xue, Sui, Xinghua, Su, Zhiyao, Abiem, Iveren, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bourg, Norm, Butt, Nathalie, Cao, Min, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chapman, Hazel, Chen, Yu-Yun, Coomes, David A., Cordell, Susan, De Oliveira, Alexandre A., Du, Hu, Fang, Suqin, Giardina, Christian P., Hao, Zhanqing, Hector, Andrew, Hubbell, Stephen P., Janík, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jiang, Mingxi, Jin, Guangze, Kenfack, David, Král, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Li, Buhang, Li, Xiankun, Li, Yide, Lian, Juyu, Lin, Luxiang, Liu, Feng, Liu, Yankun, Liu, Yu, Luan, Fuchen, Luo, Yahuang, Ma, Keping, Malhi, Yadvinder, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Mi, Xiangcheng, Morecroft, Mike, Novotny, Vojtech, O’Brien, Michael J., Ouden, Jan Den, Parker, Geoffrey G., Qiao, Xiujuan, Ren, Haibao, Reynolds, Glen, Samonil, Pavel, Sang, Weiguo, Shen, Guochun, Shen, Zhiqiang, Song, Guo-Zhang Michael, Sun, I-Fang, Tang, Hui, Tian, Songyan, Uowolo, Amanda L., Uriarte, María, Wang, Bin, Wang, Xihua, Wang, Youshi, Weiblen, George D., Wu, Zhihong, Xi, Nianxun, Xiang, Wusheng, Xu, Han, Xu, Kun, Ye, Wanhui, Yu, Mingjian, Zeng, Fuping, Zhang, Minhua, Zhang, Yingming, Zhu, Li, and Zimmerman, Jess K.

Subjects
631/158/852, article, 15. Life on land, human activities, 631/158/670
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity.

12. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide

Author

Zhong, Yonglin, Chu, Chengjin, Myers, Jonathan A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Lutz, James A, Stillhard, Jonas, Zhu, Kai, Thompson, Jill, Baltzer, Jennifer L, He, Fangliang, LaManna, Joseph A, Davies, Stuart J, Aderson-Teixeira, Kristina J, Burslem, David FRP, Alonso, Alfonso, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Wang, Xugao, Gao, Lianming, Orwig, David A, Yin, Xue, Sui, Xinghua, Su, Zhiyao, Abiem, Iveren, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bourg, Norm, Butt, Nathalie, Cao, Min, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chapman, Hazel, Chen, Yu-Yun, Coomes, David A, Cordell, Susan, De Oliveira, Alexandre A, Du, Hu, Fang, Suqin, Giardina, Christian P, Hao, Zhanqing, Hector, Andrew, Hubbell, Stephen P, Janík, David, Jansen, Patrick A, Jiang, Mingxi, Jin, Guangze, Kenfack, David, Král, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J, Li, Buhang, Li, Xiankun, Li, Yide, Lian, Juyu, Lin, Luxiang, Liu, Feng, Liu, Yankun, Liu, Yu, Luan, Fuchen, Luo, Yahuang, Ma, Keping, Malhi, Yadvinder, McMahon, Sean M, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Mi, Xiangcheng, Morecroft, Mike, Novotny, Vojtech, O'Brien, Michael J, Ouden, Jan Den, Parker, Geoffrey G, Qiao, Xiujuan, Ren, Haibao, Reynolds, Glen, Samonil, Pavel, Sang, Weiguo, Shen, Guochun, Shen, Zhiqiang, Song, Guo-Zhang Michael, Sun, I-Fang, Tang, Hui, Tian, Songyan, Uowolo, Amanda L, Uriarte, María, Wang, Bin, Wang, Xihua, Wang, Youshi, Weiblen, George D, Wu, Zhihong, Xi, Nianxun, Xiang, Wusheng, Xu, Han, Xu, Kun, Ye, Wanhui, Yu, Mingjian, Zeng, Fuping, Zhang, Minhua, Zhang, Yingming, Zhu, Li, and Zimmerman, Jess K

Subjects
Host Microbial Interactions, Plant Dispersal, Mycorrhizae, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Forests, human activities, Soil Microbiology, Trees
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity.

13. Limits to reproduction and seed size-number tradeoffs that shape forest dominance and future recovery

Author

Tong Qiu, Robert Andrus, Marie-Claire Aravena, Davide Ascoli, Yves Bergeron, Roberta Berretti, Daniel Berveiller, Michal Bogdziewicz, Thomas Boivin, Raul Bonal, Don C. Bragg, Thomas Caignard, Rafael Calama, J. Julio Camarero, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Natalie L. Cleavitt, Benoit Courbaud, Francois Courbet, Thomas Curt, Adrian J. Das, Evangelia Daskalakou, Hendrik Davi, Nicolas Delpierre, Sylvain Delzon, Michael Dietze, Sergio Donoso Calderon, Laurent Dormont, Josep Espelta, Timothy J. Fahey, William Farfan-Rios, Catherine A. Gehring, Gregory S. Gilbert, Georg Gratzer, Cathryn H. Greenberg, Qinfeng Guo, Andrew Hacket-Pain, Arndt Hampe, Qingmin Han, Janneke Hille Ris Lambers, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ines Ibanez, Jill F. Johnstone, Valentin Journé, Daisuke Kabeya, Christopher L. Kilner, Thomas Kitzberger, Johannes M. H. Knops, Richard K. Kobe, Georges Kunstler, Jonathan G. A. Lageard, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Mateusz Ledwon, Francois Lefevre, Theodor Leininger, Jean-Marc Limousin, James A. Lutz, Diana Macias, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Christopher M. Moore, Emily Moran, Renzo Motta, Jonathan A. Myers, Thomas A. Nagel, Kyotaro Noguchi, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Robert Parmenter, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Perez-Ramos, Lukasz Piechnik, John Poulsen, Renata Poulton-Kamakura, Miranda D. Redmond, Chantal D. Reid, Kyle C. Rodman, Francisco Rodriguez-Sanchez, Javier D. Sanguinetti, C. Lane Scher, William H. Schlesinger, Harald Schmidt Van Marle, Barbara Seget, Shubhi Sharma, Miles Silman, Michael A. Steele, Nathan L. Stephenson, Jacob N. Straub, I-Fang Sun, Samantha Sutton, Jennifer J. Swenson, Margaret Swift, Peter A. Thomas, Maria Uriarte, Giorgio Vacchiano, Thomas T. Veblen, Amy V. Whipple, Thomas G. Whitham, Andreas P. Wion, Boyd Wright, S. Joseph Wright, Kai Zhu, Jess K. Zimmerman, Roman Zlotin, Magdalena Zywiec, James S. Clark, National Science Foundation (US), Belmont Forum, NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, National Science Centre (Poland), US Forest Service, Qiu, Tong, Andrus, Robert, Aravena, Marie-Claire, Ascoli, Davide, Bergeron, Yves, Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855], Berveiller, Daniel, Bogdziewicz, Michal, Bonal, Raul, Bragg, Don C, Caignard, Thomas, Calama, Rafael, Camarero, J Julio, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Cleavitt, Natalie L, Courbaud, Benoit, Courbet, Francois, Curt, Thomas, Adrian, Das, Daskalakou, Evangelia, Davi, Hendrik, Delpierre, Nicolas, Delzon, Sylvain, Dietze, Michael, Calderon, Sergio Donoso, Dormont, Laurent, Espelta, Josep, Fahey, Timothy J, Farfan-Rios, William, Gehring, Catherine A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Gratzer, Georg, Greenberg, Cathryn H, Guo,Qinfeng, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Hampe, Arndt, Han, Qingmin, Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko, Ibáñez, Inés, Johnstone, Jill F, Journé, Valentin, Kabeya, Daisuke, Kilner, Christopher L, Kitzberger, Thomas, Knops, Johannes M H, Kobe, Richard K, Kunstler, Georges, Lageard, Jonathan G A, LaMontagne, Jalene M, Ledwon, Mateusz, Lefèvre, François, Leininger, Theodor, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lutz, James A, McIntire, Eliot J B, Moran, Emily, Motta, Renzo, Myers, Jonathan A, Nagel, Thomas A, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Parmenter, Robert, Pearse, Ian S, Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M, Piechnik, Lukasz, Poulsen, John, Poulton-Kamakura, Renata, Redmond, Miranda D, Reid, Chantal D, Rodman, Kyle C, Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco, Schlesinger, William H, Seget, Barbara, Silman, Miles, Stephenson, Nathan L, Sun, I-Fang, Sutton, Samantha, Swenson, Jennifer J, Thomas, Peter A, Uriarte, Maria, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Veblen, Thomas T, Wion, Andreas P, Wright, Boyd, Wright, S Joseph, Zimmerman, Jess K, Zhu, Kai, Zywiec, Magdalena, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], University of Colorado [Boulder], Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Cornell University [New York], Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Liverpool, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Akita University, University of Michigan [Dearborn], University of Michigan System, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xjtu), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Manchester [Manchester], DePaul University [Chicago], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Colby College, The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by NationalScience Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the BelmontForum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Inves-tissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet GreatAgain). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Groupwere funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 toM.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the PolishAcademy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134).M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’sdata remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGSresearch was funded by those agencies, Qiu, Tong [0000-0003-4499-437X], Andrus, Robert [0000-0003-0968-8377], Aravena, Marie-Claire [0000-0002-4493-4396], Ascoli, Davide [0000-0002-0546-4467], Bergeron, Yves [0000-0003-3707-3687], Berretti, Roberta 0000-0002-1944-8855][, Berveiller, Daniel [0000-0001-7461-6420], Bogdziewicz, Michal [0000-0002-6777-9034], Bonal, Raul [0000-0002-6084-1771], Bragg, Don C [0000-0002-5207-8606], Caignard, Thomas [0000-0001-5009-4613], Calama, Rafael [0000-0002-2598-9594], Camarero, J Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Cleavitt, Natalie L [0000-0003-0425-2486], Courbaud, Benoit [0000-0002-3050-9559], Courbet, Francois [0000-0002-9438-6746], Curt, Thomas [0000-0002-2654-3009], Adrian, Das [0000-0002-3937-2616], Daskalakou, Evangelia [0000-0002-5190-1023], Davi, Hendrik [0000-0001-8828-3145], Delpierre, Nicolas [0000-0003-0906-9402], Delzon, Sylvain [0000-0003-3442-1711], Dietze, Michael [0000-0002-2324-2518], Calderon, Sergio Donoso [0000-0002-4599-4702], Dormont, Laurent [0000-0002-2021-0625], Espelta, Josep [0000-0002-0242-4988], Fahey, Timothy J [0000-0003-1283-1162], Farfan-Rios, William [0000-0002-3196-0317], Gehring, Catherine A [0000-0002-9393-9556], Gilbert, Gregory S [0000-0002-5195-9903], Gratzer, Georg [0000-0002-6355-6562], Greenberg, Cathryn H [0000-0002-2831-0989], Guo,Qinfeng [0000-0002-4375-4916], Hacket-Pain, Andrew [0000-0003-3676-1568], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Han, Qingmin [0000-0001-6063-6068], Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko [0000-0001-7654-9129], Ibáñez, Inés[0000-0002-1054-0727], Johnstone, Jill F [0000-0001-6131-9339], Journé, Valentin [0000-0001-7324-7002], Kabeya, Daisuke [0000-0002-3420-199X], Kilner, Christopher L [0000-0001-8808-8868], Kitzberger, Thomas [0000-0002-9754-4121], Knops, Johannes M H [0000-0002-9647-9209], Kobe, Richard K [0000-0002-0943-9613], Kunstler, Georges [0000-0002-2544-1940], Lageard, Jonathan G A [0000-0001-8971-0444], LaMontagne, Jalene M [0000-0001-7713-8591], Ledwon, Mateusz [0000-0003-3017-6376], Lefèvre, François [0000-0003-2242-7251], Leininger, Theodor [0000-0002-4939-3656], Limousin, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-2734-2495], Lutz, James A [0000-0002-2560-0710], McIntire, Eliot J B [0000-0002-6914-8316], Moran, Emily [0000-0003-4624-1910], Motta, Renzo [0000-0002-1631-3840], Myers, Jonathan A [0000-0002-2058-8468], Nagel, Thomas A [0000-0002-4207-9218], Ourcival, Jean-Marc [0000-0002-3557-3496], Parmenter, Robert [0000-0002-2099-6824], Pearse, Ian S [0000-0001-7098-0495], Perez-Ramos, Ignacio M [0000-0003-2332-7818], Piechnik, Lukasz [0000-0002-3958-7393], Poulsen, John [0000-0002-1532-9808], Poulton-Kamakura, Renata [0000-0002-2516-8702], Redmond, Miranda D [0000-0002-4657-7943], Reid, Chantal D [0000-0002-3811-4076], Rodman, Kyle C [0000-0001-9538-8412], Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco [0000-0002-7981-1599], Schlesinger, William H [0000-0002-1391-0885], Seget, Barbara [0000-0002-7872-926X], Silman, Miles [0000-0003-4152-2844], Stephenson, Nathan L [0000-0003-0208-7229], Sun, I-Fang [0000-0001-9749-8324], Sutton, Samantha [0000-0002-1491-7763], Swenson, Jennifer J [0000-0002-2069-667X], Thomas, Peter A [0000-0003-3115-3301], Uriarte, Maria [0000-0002-0484-0758], Vacchiano, Giorgio [0000-0001-8100-0659], Veblen, Thomas T [0000-0002-3037-640X], Wion, Andreas P [0000-0002-0701-2843], Wright, Boyd [0000-0002-6322-4904], Wright, S Joseph [0000-0003-4260-5676], Zimmerman, Jess K [0000-0002-8179-0731], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], and Zywiec, Magdalena [0000-0002-5992-4051]

Subjects
Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, Q1, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Trees, reproductive potential, Plant seed, Forest, pridelava semen, Plant ecology, SB, SD, Multidisciplinary, Reproduction, Contraception/Reproduction, Botánica, production control, food and beverages, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Ecología, Fertility, natural disasters, nadzor pridelave, seed production, Seeds, reprodukcijski potencial, Forest ecology, udc:630*23, ujme, Tree
Abstract

12 Pág., The relationships that control seed production in trees are fundamental to understanding the evolution of forest species and their capacity to recover from increasing losses to drought, fire, and harvest. A synthesis of fecundity data from 714 species worldwide allowed us to examine hypotheses that are central to quantifying reproduction, a foundation for assessing fitness in forest trees. Four major findings emerged. First, seed production is not constrained by a strict trade-off between seed size and numbers. Instead, seed numbers vary over ten orders of magnitude, with species that invest in large seeds producing more seeds than expected from the 1:1 trade-off. Second, gymnosperms have lower seed production than angiosperms, potentially due to their extra investments in protective woody cones. Third, nutrient-demanding species, indicated by high foliar phosphorus concentrations, have low seed production. Finally, sensitivity of individual species to soil fertility varies widely, limiting the response of community seed production to fertility gradients. In combination, these findings can inform models of forest response that need to incorporate reproductive potential., The project has been funded continuously since 1992 by National Science Foundation grants to J.S.C, most recently DEB-1754443, and by the Belmont Forum (1854976), NASA (AIST16-0052, AIST18-0063), and the Programme d’Investissement d’Avenir under project FORBIC (18-MPGA-0004)(Make Our Planet Great Again). Puerto Rico data were funded by NSF grants to M.U., most recently, DEB 0963447 and LTREB 11222325. Data from the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group were funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF LTREB 1754647 to M.S. Additional funding to M.Z. came from the W.Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish National Science Foundation (2019/33/B/NZ8/0134). M.B. was supported by the Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2019/35/D/NZ8/00050, and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker programme PPN/BEK/2020/1/00009/U/00001. J.M.L. was supported by NSF grant DEB 1745496. Jerry Franklin’s data remain accessible through NSF LTER DEB-1440409. USDA Forest Service and USGS research was funded by those agencies.

Published
2022
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14. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide

Author

Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira, George D. Weiblen, Feng Liu, Xugao Wang, Juyu Lian, Han Xu, Amanda Uowolo, Michael O'Brien, Keping Ma, Xue Yin, Nianxun Xi, Hu Du, Xiangcheng Mi, Min Cao, Vojtech Novotny, Guangze Jin, Pavel Šamonil, Youshi Wang, Xiankun Li, Kristina J. Aderson-Teixeira, Fangliang He, Pulchérie Bissiengou, Kun Xu, Jill Thompson, Weiguo Sang, Norm Bourg, Luxiang Lin, Fuping Zeng, Gregory S. Gilbert, Mingjian Yu, Mingxi Jiang, Hervé Memiaghe, Haibao Ren, Glen Reynolds, Buhang Li, Kuo-Jung Chao, Wei-Chun Chao, Yadvinder Malhi, Yu Liu, Yonglin Zhong, William J. McShea, David A. Orwig, Stephen P. Hubbell, Li Zhu, Hui Tang, Zhihong Wu, Jan den Ouden, Songyan Tian, Guochun Shen, Xihua Wang, Lian-Ming Gao, María Uriarte, Geoffrey G. Parker, Iveren Abiem, Michael D. Morecroft, Zhanqing Hao, Yu-Yun Chen, Xiujuan Qiao, Sean M. McMahon, Jess K. Zimmerman, Joseph A. LaManna, James A. Lutz, Wanhui Ye, David Janík, Chengjin Chu, Fuchen Luan, Xinghua Sui, Jonas Stillhard, David Kenfack, Bin Wang, Guo-Zhang Michael Song, Christian P. Giardina, Nathalie Butt, Yingming Zhang, Ya-Huang Luo, Zhiqiang Shen, Yankun Liu, Susan Cordell, I-Fang Sun, David A. Coomes, Chia-Hao Chang-Yang, Alfonso Alonso, Zhiyao Su, Andy Hector, David F. R. P. Burslem, Minhua Zhang, Patrick A. Jansen, Jonathan Myers, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Wusheng Xiang, Yide Li, Stuart J. Davies, Hazel M. Chapman, Kai Zhu, Andrew J. Larson, Suqin Fang, Kamil Král, Zhong, Yonglin [0000-0002-0521-4601], Chu, Chengjin [0000-0002-0606-449X], Myers, Jonathan A. [0000-0002-2058-8468], Gilbert, Gregory S. [0000-0002-5195-9903], Lutz, James A. [0000-0002-2560-0710], Stillhard, Jonas [0000-0001-8850-4817], Zhu, Kai [0000-0003-1587-3317], Thompson, Jill [0000-0002-4370-2593], Baltzer, Jennifer L. [0000-0001-7476-5928], He, Fangliang [0000-0003-0774-4849], LaManna, Joseph A. [0000-0002-8229-7973], Aderson-Teixeira, Kristina J. [0000-0001-8461-9713], Burslem, David F.R.P. [0000-0001-6033-0990], Alonso, Alfonso [0000-0001-6860-8432], Wang, Xugao [0000-0003-1207-8852], Gao, Lianming [0000-0001-9047-2658], Orwig, David A. [0000-0001-7822-3560], Abiem, Iveren [0000-0002-0925-0618], Butt, Nathalie [0000-0003-1517-6191], Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao [0000-0003-3635-4946], Chapman, Hazel [0000-0001-8509-703X], Fang, Suqin [0000-0002-1324-4640], Hector, Andrew [0000-0002-1309-7716], Jansen, Patrick A. [0000-0002-4660-0314], Kenfack, David [0000-0001-8208-3388], Liu, Yu [0000-0001-9869-2735], Luo, Yahuang [0000-0002-0073-419X], Ma, Keping [0000-0001-9112-5340], Malhi, Yadvinder [0000-0002-3503-4783], McMahon, Sean M. [0000-0001-8302-6908], Mi, Xiangcheng [0000-0002-2971-5881], Morecroft, Mike [0000-0002-7978-5554], Novotny, Vojtech [0000-0001-7918-8023], O’Brien, Michael J. [0000-0003-0943-8423], Ouden, Jan den [0000-0003-1518-2460], Ren, Haibao [0000-0002-8955-301X], Sang, Weiguo [0000-0002-7131-896X], Uriarte, María [0000-0002-0484-0758], Xi, Nianxun [0000-0002-1711-3875], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Myers, Jonathan A [0000-0002-2058-8468], Gilbert, Gregory S [0000-0002-5195-9903], Lutz, James A [0000-0002-2560-0710], Baltzer, Jennifer L [0000-0001-7476-5928], LaManna, Joseph A [0000-0002-8229-7973], Aderson-Teixeira, Kristina J [0000-0001-8461-9713], Burslem, David FRP [0000-0001-6033-0990], Orwig, David A [0000-0001-7822-3560], Jansen, Patrick A [0000-0002-4660-0314], McMahon, Sean M [0000-0001-8302-6908], and O'Brien, Michael J [0000-0003-0943-8423]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Science, Biogeography, Beta diversity, Biodiversity, General Physics and Astronomy, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecology and Environment, Latitude, Trees, Mycorrhizae, FLORESTAS, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Plant Dispersal, Soil Microbiology, Multidisciplinary, Host Microbial Interactions, Ecology, General Chemistry, respiratory system, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, 631/158/852, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Nestedness, Tree (set theory), Arbuscular mycorrhizal, human activities, 631/158/670, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity., The relationship of mycorrhizal associations with latitudinal gradients in tree beta-diversity is unexplored. Using a global dataset approach, this study examines how trees with arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal associations contribute to latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and the environmental controls of these patterns.

Published
2021

15. Internal Damping Rates of Construction Cranes

Author

Ely, Paul T., Civil Engineering, Beliveau, Yvan J., Brandon, Thomas L., and Lutz, James D.

Subjects
none
Abstract

The conveyance of payloads by construction cranes generates pendulations of the payload. This research provides a critical design parameter for the development of a device that aids in reduction of these pendulations. Previous research developed a tuned mass damping system, that effectively attenuated the energy of a pendulating payload. In order to be effective the internal damping rate of the tuned mass damper must be at least twice that of the system to be damped. Prototypes of a tuned mass damping system have achieved damping rates between 6 and 12 %, making cranes with damping rates below 3% attractive. This research indicates that the internal damping rate of construction cranes is on the order of one percent, suggesting that a tuned mass damping system could be retrofitted to today's construction cranes. This thesis is an investigation of the internal damping rates of construction cranes. Three hydraulic and two lattice boom cranes were tested. The motion of pendulating payloads was modeled after a simple pendulum. The internal damping rate was calculated using logarithmic decrement technique. Light to medium duty cranes were tested with loads similar to those used in duty cycle operations. Damping tests were performed both perpendicular and parallel to the mast of the crane. Values were calculated from data extracted from videos of a payload oscillating over a measurement scale. A FMC Link Belt 25-ton hydraulic crane was tested at 6.4 % of capacity and displayed damping rates between 0.25 and 0.6 %. A 50-ton FMC Link Belt was tested at 10 % of capacity and had damping rates of 0.18 % for both tests. The third hydraulic crane was a 60-ton P&H T-600XL. The test parallel to the mast was performed at 6 % of capacity having a damping rate of 0.22 %. The test-performed perpendicular to the mast was at 3.5 % of capacity with a damping rate of 0.65 %. Two lattice boom cranes with capacities of 70 and 100 tons were tested. The 70-ton LIMA 778c's damping rates were 0.06 and 1.3 percent. This test was performed at 15 % of capacity. The 100-ton Link Belt LS318 was tested at 6.8 % of capacity and had damping rates between 0.07 and 0.08 percent. Master of Science

Published
1997

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