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To examine the effects of the nonlocal thermoelastic parameters in a nanoscale semiconductor material, a novel nonlocal model with variable thermal conductivity is provided in this study. The photothermal diffusion (PTD) processes in a chemical action are utilized in the framework of the governing equations. When elastic, thermal, and plasma waves interact, the nonlocal continuum theory is used to create this model. For the main formulations to get the analytical solutions of the thermal stress, displacement, carrier density, and temperature during the nanoscale thermo-photo-electric medium, the Laplace transformation approach in one dimension (1D) of a thin circular plate is utilized. To create the physical fields, mechanical forces and thermal loads are applied to the semiconductor’s free surface. To acquire the full solutions of the research areas in the time-space domains, the inverse of the Laplace transform is applied with several numerical approximation techniques. Under the impact of nonlocal factors, the principal physical fields are visually depicted and theoretically explained.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes play essential roles in promoting or combating various neoplasms. This study aimed to investigate the association between tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and lymphocytes and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the progression of urothelial carcinoma. Methods: A total of 106 patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma were was. Pathological examination for tumor grade and stage and for tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, both CD4 and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as the neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio were evaluated. Results: The presence of neutrophils and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated with high-grade urothelial neoplasms. In both low- and high-grade tumors, the lymphocytes increased during progression from a non-invasive neoplasm to an early-invasive neoplasm. CD8+ T lymphocytes increased in low-grade non–muscle-invasive tumors compared to non-invasive tumors. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CD8+ T lymphocytes during progression to muscle-invasive tumors. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and CD8+ T lymphocytes have a significant effect on tumor grade and progression.

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are increasing due to the spread of multi-drug-resistant organisms. Gut dysbiosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients at admission showed an altered abundance of some bacterial genera associated with the occurrence of HAIs and mortality. In the present study, we investigated the pattern of the gut microbiome in ICU patients at admission to correlate it with the development of HAIs during ICU stay. Methods: Twenty patients admitted to the ICU were included in and a cross-matching control group of 30 healthy subjects of similar age and sex. Stool specimens were collected. Quantitative SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction was done for the identification and quantitation of selected bacteria.Results: Out of those twenty patients, 35% developed ventilator associated pneumonia during their ICU stay. Gut microbiome analysis showed a significant decrease in Firmicutes and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in ICU patients in comparison to the control and in patients who developed HAIs in comparison to the control group and patients who did not develop HAIs. There was a statistically significant increase in Bacteroides in comparison to the control group. There was a statistically significant decrease in Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and an increase in Lactobacilli in comparison to the control group with a negative correlation between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) score and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and Prevotella to Bacteroides ratios.Conclusions: Gut dysbiosis of patients at the time of admission highlights the importance of identification of the microbiome of patients admitted at the ICU as a target for preventing of HAIs.

Objectives: To compare satisfaction levels of patients wearing maxillary completes denture fabricated by closed mouth and an open mouth impression techniques. Methods: This Comparative clinical study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID), Rawalpindi. Eighty-four edentulous patients were included in this study; the patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group A patients were provided with dentures fabricated by closed mouth impression technique and Group B patients were provided with dentures fabricated by open mouth impression technique. The patient’s satisfaction level was assessed after six weeks of denture insertion with a questionnaire attached as Annex-A. Results: Out of 42 patients in group A, 12 were highly satisfied, 28 moderately satisfied and 2 poorly satisfied. In group B patients, 9 were highly satisfied, 25 moderately satisfied and 8 poorly satisfied. Retention was highest (81.0%) in patients of group A compared to group B (19%). Moderately satisfied patients were more significantly (p=0.04) more (69.0% in group A and 71.4% in group B) comfortable compared to highly satisfied (26.2% in group A and 19.0% in group B) and poorly satisfied (4.8% in group A and 19.5% in group B) in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference among patients in both groups when their satisfaction with their ability to chew with dentures was compared. Regarding satisfaction with speech ability more patients were moderately satisfied (28.6% in group A) compared to the number of patients (21.4%) in group B. Overall, 70.2% of moderately satisfied category showed significantly higher frequency of patients followed by 17.9% patients each lying in highly satisfied and poorly satisfied patients, categories. Clinical implication: Final impression in complete denture (CD) fabrication is very crucial step that can affect overall prognosis of CD treatment and therefore, patient satisfaction with CDs. A simplified closed mouth impression approach to complete denture treatment, omitting the border molding and definitive impression appointment, has been suggested as an alternative to the conventional open mouth approach. Conclusion: Dentures fabricated by closed mouth impression technique are more stable and functionally better compared to those constructed by open mouth impression technique. Keywords: Final impression technique, complete dentures, Retention, Comfort, Speech ability, Patient Satisfaction

In this study, a novel eco-friendly sorbent, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) functionalized calcium alginate (AG) immobilized graphene oxide (GO) composite (AG-GO-HMTA) and hexamethylenetetramine functionalized calcium alginate composite (AG-HMTA) were prepared. Adsorption factors including pH impact, contact time, initial dye concentration, dosage, selectivity and reusability on methylene blue (MB) removal from water were investigated. The prepared sorbents were characterized using structural (e.g. XRD, FT-IR, EDAX), thermal (e.g. TGA, DTG), and morphological (e.g. SEM, BET) analysis techniques. The equilibrium adsorption data was described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The field studies and regeneration of the beads were investigated. AG-GO HMTA displays a well-defined porous structure and this desired morphology arising from high quality dispersion of HMTA within the AG-GO matrix. The highest adsorption capacities were observed at pH ∼ 5, meanwhile the adsorption of MB dye molecules, positively charged, onto the beads became faster due to strong electrostatic interactions. When the value of dosage is 0.01 g, the equilibrium concentration (mg/g) are maximum at 103, 110, 164, 168 mg/g for AG, AG-GO, AG-HMTA and AG-GO-HMTA, respectively. The present work shows that pseudo first order could describe the MB adsorption onto AG while it couldn't describe the MB adsorption onto the functionalized sorbents due to the hybrid materials complicity.

The purpose of this research is to identify the level of subjective well-being of university students in blended learning, investigate the relationship between subjective well-being and psychological engagement, determine the differences in their subjective well-being level in terms of gender and academic discipline variables, and explore the predictability of psychological engagement level through subjective well-being. For this purpose, the descriptive comparative correlative approach was utilised. Three hundred and sixteen male and female students participated in this research. For data collection, the College Subjective Well-being Questionnaire and the psychological engagement scale were applied to the participants. Results demonstrated that students had a high level of subjective well-being in all its dimensions, there was a statistically significant correlation at (0.01) level between psychological engagement and subjective well-being, the level of psychological engagement can be predicted through the level of subjective well-being, there were statistical differences in the subjective well-being level and all its dimensions due to gender in favour of female students, there were no statistical differences in the level of subjective well-being as a whole due to the academic discipline variable, while there were statistical differences in all its dimensions due to the academic discipline in favour of the literary disciplines. Keywords: Blended learning, psychological engagement, subjective well-being

Customer Value is the accessed value that a customer has to an organization. In Business, the customer is always right. This statement gives us the impression that all customers are viewed as equal in terms of potential value. Each customer is treated differently according to how much profit they can bring to a company. We use various Data Mining techniques to determine who are these customers and how we can acquire more customers like them who can bring more profit. A loyal customer will be treated differently than a customer that rarely do business with the organization. These customers are usually given bonus gifts and special offers as a form of thanks for their loyalty thus further strengthening that bond. Companies need a way to determine which of their hundreds of thousands of customers are deserving of this attention. Customer Value Segments are used in this specific situation.

Background: The best imaging technique for post-operative knee assessment is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The challenge of using MRI to diagnose problems in the knee is made more challenging by surgical alterations. Therefore, reliable MRI assessment depends on the ability to distinguish between the normal post-operative MRI image of the knee elements and their anomalies. The purpose of this research was to compare the clinical result with the use of MRI to identify predicted morphological changes in the knee menisci during the first two years after arthroscopic operation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 patients with previously undergone meniscal repaired or meniscectomy and reported having ongoing or frequent knee discomfort. All patients had extensive clinical examinations and detailed history collection, radiographical imaging and MRI. Results: MRI examination of the knee post operatively showed that the time needed for beginning of meniscus healing after surgery ranged from 3-6months. 27 patients (90%) had a meniscus tear in the posterior 1/3. Degenerative tears 11 (36.4%) was the most prevalent meniscal tears pattern diagnosed by MRI. No effusion occurred in 25 (83.3%) patients. Thirty cases were treated; seventeen received arthroscopic repair, and thirteen underwent resection. 11 patients (36.6%) had symptoms ranging from joint swelling or pain, restricted motion, instability/giving away, and catching/locking, whereas 19 (63.4%) were asymptomatic. Conclusions: Within the first two years after arthroscopic operations, MRI plays a useful role in detecting anticipated morphological alterations of the knee menisci.

This paper investigates the validity of Okun’s Law to the Egyptian economy through the period 1991 until 2021 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model technique. The paper applies Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips – Perron (PP) to perform the unit root test. It is found that the three variables in the model, natural logarithm of real GDP difference LNRGDPdif, natural logarithm of real GDP gap LNRGDPgap, and natural logarithm of unemployment rate difference LNUNdif, are integrated of order zero I(0). While the other variable, natural logarithm of unemployment rate gap LNUNgap, is integrated of order one I(1). Therefore, the paper finds justification to conduct the ARDL bounds test for co-integration for the two Okun’s Law versions. However, the paper finds that the results are incompatible with economic theory and contradict most of research papers conducted for other countries. The coefficient of LNUNdif is (= 0.0004) and found to be insignificant while the coefficient of (LNRGDPdif (-1)) is the only significant coefficient at 5% significance level (= -2). Of course, these results in addition to the ARDL Bounds Tests’ results give evidence that there is no relationship between real GDP and unemployment rate in Egypt neither in the long run nor in the short run. Therefore, Okun’s Law, with difference model and gap model, is not valid in case of Egypt. These findings can be attributed to the low level of data accuracy and reliability. As a result, it is recommended for the Egyptian government to direct more effort towards collecting and publishing more accurate and reliable data on socio-economic variables.

Heart failure (HF) represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It is mostly caused by congenital heart disease (CHD) and cardiomyopathy. The Ross HF classification was developed to assess severity in infants and has subsequently been modified to apply to all pediatric ages. The modified Ross classification for children provides a numeric score comparable with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) HF classification for adults. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of modified Ross score in the evaluation of children with severe lower respiratory tract infection admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). One hundred and sixty-four children with severe LRTI admitted to the PICU were enrolled in this prospective cohort study, which was carried out at Assiut University Children Hospital, from the start of July 2021 up to the end of December 2021. Sixty patients (36.6%) of studied cases with severe LRTI admitted to PICU had HF. Out of these, 37 (61.7%) had mild HF; 17 (28.3%) had moderate HF, while six cases (10%) had severe HF according to the modified Ross score. The value of modified Ross score was significantly higher in children with heart failure with sensitivity and specificity 100% with cutoff value of 2. Admission to NICU, history of previous ventilation, and prematurity were higher in patients who developed HF. Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and those with raised neutrophil lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in the group of patients with moderate and severe degree of HF. Conclusion: Modified Ross score is a simple clinical score which may help in assessing and predicting children with severe LRTI. What is Known:• Hear failure is common complication to lower respiratory tract infection.• Modified Ross score was used to predict and classify heart failure in adult with lower respiratory infection. What is New:• Modified Ross score found to be of value in prediction of heart failure in children with lower respiratory tract infection.

Background: Shifting to online learning during the coronavirus pandemic has increased the number of individuals symptomatic of digital eye strain (DES). This study aimed to determine the frequency and potential risk factors of DES among university staff members and students in this pandemic era. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the pandemic, in May and June 2020. The online questionnaire was designed to collect data on DES-related ocular and extraocular manifestations. The survey was sent via social media to the previous year’s students and staff within the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The responses were downloaded and analyzed. Results: Of the 412 participants completing the questionnaire, 34 (8.3%) were university staff members with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 36.7 (6.6) years, and 378 (91.7%) were university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.8 (1.8) years. Participants with DES symptoms numbered 294 (71.4%) before the lockdown, increasing to 366 (88.8%) during the last month, with 84 developing new-onset DES. Most participants reported ocular symptoms associated with DES. After the lockdown, both students and staff had a significant prolongation of nighttime digital screen use and TV watching, an increase in the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) severity scale scores, and anxiety and depression, with a reduced duration of daytime reading (all P < 0.05). Students had a significant prolongation of daytime digital screen use and TV watching and an increase in the frequency of eye lubricant use and mean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-4 scores (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that studenthood and increased nighttime screen use were independent risk factors for DES by odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 10.60 (2.12 – 53.00) and 3.99 (1.71 – 9.34), respectively (both P < 0.05). Conclusions: Lockdown and closure of the university, with a shift to online learning, increased the exposure of staff and students to digital screens and the number of individuals with DES. Studenthood and prolonged nighttime digital screen use were independent risk factors for DES. Further studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of DES, comparing similar data during and after the pandemic, may reveal other aspects of DES caused by virtual reality-based training.

The application of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies faces many challenges, especially in developing countries. This problem was investigated in the existing literature and via a designed questionnaire among local practitioners. The reasons were mainly attributed to the seclusion of the EIA process across the project’s phases, as well as the complexity of the EIA procedures. Hence, the research argues that Building Information Modelling (BIM) applications can be the key to resolve several associated problems to EIA either directly, or indirectly by streamlining Environmental Management System (EMS). Thus, a keyword-based scientometric analysis was used to define parameters and interrelations and establish network analysis for a proposed BIM-based EIA framework. The proposed framework presents scoring schemes to support three types of assessments: the efficiency of applying BIM techniques for an EIA process (Score A), proper integration of BIM techniques for different EIA steps (Score I) and proper integration of BIM techniques across project phases (Score B). It also shows the interplay of points between the three schemes via a Sankey diagram. The proposed framework was applied to compare three major construction projects in a developing country, the case of Egypt to pinpoint areas of drawbacks. The results pinpointed poor application of advanced BIM models to support sustainability analysis for EIA studies. This is in addition to imbalance of applying BIM applications across different project phases, it was notably less pronounced for the operation and maintenance stage as well as end of life scenarios. Also, poor integration of BIM tools could not support decisions related to the mitigation step. Hence, applying 6-dimensional BIM model shall enable developing mitigation measures and shall support design optimization during building operation and end of life phase. This novel approach presents the required level of verification and quality control procedure needed by decision-makers and environmental engineers to perform EIA studies and pave the way for further related research. Graphical Abstract

This work deals with emphasizing the relation between particle dimension distribution of nanocellulose (PDD) particles with its efficiency as stabilizing/adsorbent agent of Indigo dye. In this respect, different pulping reagents were used in preparation of Rice straw pulps as precursors for nanocelluloses using acid hydrolysis and oxidizing agents [(KMnO4 and NH4)2S2O8] methods. The PDD was estimated by indirect method through processing the TEM images using the software ImageJ. The resulting nanocelluloses were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR) together with sulfate ester and carboxyl contents. The data showed the effective role of pulping reagent on PDD. The cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from NaOH-AQ pulp, with the longest crystal length (204.4 ± 107.8 nm) and the lowest diameter (6.7 ± 2.3 nm), exhibited most stabilized suspension of dye; however, the highest adsorption capacity was accompanied the oxidized nanocellulose (Ox-NC) from neutral RS pulp with lowest PDD (4.98 ± 1.6 and 90.5 ± 3.14), together with highest COO content (476.46 μmol/g).

In this study, a novel model is introduced when the Hall effect associated with a strong magnetic field is taken into account when the electrons and holes interact in the processes of semiconductor material. The plasma-elastic-thermal waves are investigated in the context of diffusive processes during optical-generated transport processes. The variable of thermal conductivity is obtained during graduated temperature due to the thermal impact of fallen light. The governing equations of the novel model are investigated in a unidimensional (1D) way when the electronics and elastic deformations have occurred. The Laplace transforms are used to convert the main dimensionless physical fields according to the initial conditions into the Laplace domain. When certain thermal, mechanical, holes, and electronic conditions are used, the analytical solutions of the fundamental fields can be produced to the outer surface of the semiconductor medium. Mathematically, the Laplacian computational inversion algorithm with a numerical approximation is used to achieve the fundamental physical quantities numerically in the time domain. The influences of several parameters (thermal relaxation times, Hall impact, and thermal conductivity parameters) on thermal conditions, mechanical stress, holes charge carrier field, and carrier density are prescribed with the help of graphical diagrams that are discussed theoretically.