1. Effects of Gluten Intake on Risk of Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study on a Swedish Birth Cohort
- Author
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Carin Andrén Aronsson, Hye-Seung Lee, Sibylle Koletzko, Ulla Uusitalo, Jimin Yang, Suvi M. Virtanen, Edwin Liu, Åke Lernmark, Jill M. Norris, Daniel Agardh, Marian Rewers, Kimberly Bautista, Judith Baxter, Ruth Bedoy, Daniel Felipe-Morales, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Patricia Gesualdo, Michelle Hoffman, Rachel Karban, Jill Norris, Adela Samper-Imaz, Andrea Steck, Kathleen Waugh, Hali Wright, Jin-Xiong She, Desmond Schatz, Diane Hopkins, Leigh Steed, Jamie Thomas, Janey Adams, Katherine Silvis, Michael Haller, Melissa Gardiner, Richard McIndoe, Ashok Sharma, Joshua Williams, Gabriela Foghis, Stephen W. Anderson, Richard Robinson, Anette G. Ziegler, Andreas Beyerlein, Ezio Bonifacio, Michael Hummel, Sandra Hummel, Kristina Foterek, Mathilde Kersting, Annette Knopff, Claudia Peplow, Roswith Roth, Joanna Stock, Elisabeth Strauss, Katharina Warncke, Christiane Winkler, Jorma Toppari, Olli G. Simell, Annika Adamsson, Heikki Hyöty, Jorma Ilonen, Sanna Jokipuu, Tiina Kallio, Miia Kähönen, Mikael Knip, Annika Koivu, Mirva Koreasalo, Kalle Kurppa, Maria Lönnrot, Elina Mäntymäki, Katja Multasuo, Juha Mykkänen, Tiina Niininen, Mia Nyblom, Petra Rajala, Jenna Rautanen, Anne Riikonen, Minna Romo, Satu Simell, Tuula Simell, Ville Simell, Maija Sjöberg, Aino Stenius, Maria Särmä, Sini Vainionpää, Eeva Varjonen, Riitta Veijola, Mari Vähä-Mäkilä, Mari Åkerlund, Maria Ask, Jenny Bremer, Ulla-Marie Carlsson, Corrado Cilio, Emelie Ericson-Hallström, Lina Fransson, Thomas Gard, Joanna Gerardsson, Rasmus Bennet, Monica Hansen, Gertie Hansson, Cecilia Harmby, Susanne Hyberg, Fredrik Johansen, Berglind Jonasdottir, Helena Elding Larsson, Sigrid Lenrick Forss, Markus Lundgren, Maria Månsson-Martinez, Maria Markan, Jessica Melin, Zeliha Mestan, Kobra Rahmati, Anita Ramelius, Anna Rosenquist, Falastin Salami, Sara Sibthorpe, Birgitta Sjöberg, Ulrica Swartling, Evelyn Tekum Amboh, Erika Trulsson, Carina Törn, Anne Wallin, Åsa Wimar, Sofie Åberg, William A. Hagopian, Michael Killian, Claire Cowen Crouch, Jennifer Skidmore, Stephen Ayres, Kayleen Dunson, Rachel Hervey, Corbin Johnson, Rachel Lyons, Arlene Meyer, Denise Mulenga, Elizabeth Scott, Joshua Stabbert, Alexander Tarr, Morgan Uland, John Willis, Dorothy Becker, Margaret Franciscus, MaryEllen Dalmagro-Elias Smith, Ashi Daftary, Mary Beth Klein, Chrystal Yates, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Michael Abbondondolo, Sarah Austin-Gonzalez, Sandra Baethke, Rasheedah Brown, Brant Burkhardt, Martha Butterworth, Joanna Clasen, David Cuthbertson, Christopher Eberhard, Steven Fiske, Dena Garcia, Jennifer Garmeson, Veena Gowda, Kathleen Heyman, Francisco Perez Laras, Shu Liu, Xiang Liu, Kristian Lynch, Jamie Malloy, Cristina McCarthy, Wendy McLeod, Steven Meulemans, Chris Shaffer, Laura Smith, Susan Smith, Noah Sulman, Roy Tamura, Kendra Vehik, Ponni Vijayakandipan, Keith Wood, Lori Ballard, David Hadley, Beena Akolkar, Kasia Bourcier, Thomas Briese, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, and Eric Triplett
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Glutens ,Biopsy ,Teddy Study ,Diet ,Pediatric ,Wheat ,The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young ,Breastfeeding ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,digestive system ,Gastroenterology ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,GTP-Binding Proteins ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Seroconversion ,Child ,Autoantibodies ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sweden ,Transglutaminases ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Infant ,Odds ratio ,ta3123 ,Gluten ,digestive system diseases ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,Intestines ,Celiac Disease ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Immunology ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is not clear how intake of gluten during infancy affects subsequent risk of celiac disease. We investigated whether gluten intake before 2 years of age increases risk for celiac disease in genetically susceptible children. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of 436 pairs of children, generated from a database of 2525 children with genetic susceptibility to celiac disease in Sweden, matched for sex, birth year, and HLA genotype from September 2004 and February 2010. Children were screened annually for celiac disease using an assay for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). Intestinal biopsies were collected from children who tested positive for tTGA to confirm the presence of celiac disease. Gluten intake was calculated from 3-day food records collected when the children were 9, 12, 18 and 24 months old. RESULTS: Breastfeeding duration (median 32 weeks) and age at first introduction to gluten (median 22 weeks) did not differ between cases and tTGA-negative children (controls). At the visit prior to tTGA seroconversion, cases reported a larger intake of gluten (median 4.9 g/day) than controls (median 3.9 g/day) (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.46; P=.0002). More cases consumed amounts of gluten in the upper 3rd tertile (i.e. >5.0 g/day) before they tested positive for tTGA seroconversion than controls (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.70-4.13; P
- Published
- 2015