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1. New Insights into the Rare Earth Element Mineralization of the Storkwitz Carbonatite, Germany

Author

Loidolt, C., Zimmermann, R., Tusa, L., Lorenz, S., Ebert, D., Gloaguen, R., and Broom-Fendley, S.

Subjects
Geochemistry and Petrology
Abstract

The Storkwitz carbonatite breccia, located near Delitzsch, Germany, is one of the few European domestic rare earth elements (REE) deposits, but is relatively understudied owing to more than 100 m of Cenozoic sedimentary cover. We present the results of a petrological investigation of the recently acquired ∼700 m-deep SES 1/2012 borehole. The Storkwitz breccia is composed of clasts of country rock and carbonatite ranging from

Published
2022
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2. Acute physiological and psychophysical responses to different modes of heat stress

Author

Holly A. Campbell, Ashley P. Akerman, Lorenz S. Kissling, Jamie R. Prout, Travis D. Gibbons, Kate N. Thomas, and James D. Cotter

Subjects
Male, Cross-Over Studies, Hot Temperature, Nutrition and Dietetics, Physiology, Acclimatization, Water, General Medicine, Heat Stress Disorders, Body Temperature, Heart Rate, Physiology (medical), Humans, Female, Heat-Shock Response, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract

What is the central question of this study? What are the profiles of acute physiological and psychophysical strain during and in recovery from different modes of heating, and to what extent do these diminish after repeated exposure? What is the main finding and its importance? Mode of heating affects the strain profiles during heat stress and recovery. Exercise in the heat incurred the greatest cardiovascular strain during heating and recovery. Humid heat was poorly tolerated despite heat strain being no greater than in other heating modes, and tolerance did not improve with multiple exposures.Heat stress is common and arises endogenously and exogenously. It can be acutely hazardous while also increasingly advocated to drive health and performance-related adaptations. Yet, the nature of strain (deviation in regulated variables) imposed by different heating modes is not well established, despite the potential for important differences. We, therefore, compared three modes of heat stress for thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain profiles during exposure and recovery when experienced as a novel stimulus and an accustomed stimulus. In a crossover design, 13 physically active participants (five females) underwent 5 days of 60-min exposures to hot water immersion (40°C), sauna (55°C, 54% relative humidity) and exercise in the heat (40°C, 52% relative humidity), and a thermoneutral water immersion control (36.5°C), each separated by ≥4 weeks. Physiological (thermal, cardiovascular, haemodynamic) and psychophysical strain responses were assessed on days 1 and 5. Sauna evoked the warmest skin (40°C; P 0.001) but exercise in the heat caused the largest increase in core temperature, sweat rate, heart rate (post hoc comparisons all P 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (P ≤ 0.002), and possibly decrease in diastolic blood pressures (P ≤ 0.130), regardless of day. Thermal sensation and feeling state were more favourable on day 5 than on day 1 (P ≤ 0.021), with all modes of heat being equivalently uncomfortable (P ≥ 0.215). Plasma volume expanded the largest extent during immersions (P 0.001). The current data highlight that exercising in the heat generates a more complex strain profile, while passive heat stress in humid heat has lower tolerance and more cardiovascular strain than hot water immersion.

Published
2022
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3. Radiative emission of polaritons controlled by light-induced geometric phase

Author

Csaba Fábri, Gábor J. Halász, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, and Ágnes Vibók

Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics - Chemical Physics, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Ceramics and Composites, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, General Chemistry, Catalysis, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

Polaritons - hybrid light-matter states formed in cavity - strongly change the properties of the underlying matter. In optical or plasmonic nanocavities, polaritons decay by radiative emission of the cavity, which is accessible experimentally. Due to the interaction of a molecule with the quantized radiation field, polaritons exhibit light-induced conical intersections (LICIs) which dramatically influence the nuclear dynamics of molecular polaritons. We show that ultrafast radiative emission from the lower polariton is controlled by the geometric phase imposed by the LICI. This finding provides insight into the process of emission and, furthermore, allows one to compute these signals by augmenting the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for polaritons with a geometric phase term.

Published
2022
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8. ICON‐O: The Ocean Component of the ICON Earth System Model—Global Simulation Characteristics and Local Telescoping Capability

Author

Korn, P., Brüggemann, N., Jungclaus, J. H., Lorenz, S. J., Gutjahr, O., Haak, H., Linardakis, L., Mehlmann, C., Mikolajewicz, U., Notz, D., Putrasahan, D. A., Singh, V., von Storch, J.‐S., Zhu, X., Marotzke, J., and 1 Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, ocean dynamics, structure preservation numerics, ddc:551.46, ocean modeling, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, unstructured grid modeling, local refinement
Abstract

We describe the ocean general circulation model Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Weather and Climate Model (ICON‐O) of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, which forms the ocean‐sea ice component of the Earth system model ICON‐ESM. ICON‐O relies on innovative structure‐preserving finite volume numerics. We demonstrate the fundamental ability of ICON‐O to simulate key features of global ocean dynamics at both uniform and non‐uniform resolution. Two experiments are analyzed and compared with observations, one with a nearly uniform and eddy‐rich resolution of ∼10 km and another with a telescoping configuration whose resolution varies smoothly from globally ∼80 to ∼10 km in a focal region in the North Atlantic. Our results show first, that ICON‐O on the nearly uniform grid simulates an ocean circulation that compares well with observations and second, that ICON‐O in its telescope configuration is capable of reproducing the dynamics in the focal region over decadal time scales at a fraction of the computational cost of the uniform‐grid simulation. The telescopic technique offers an alternative to the established regionalization approaches. It can be used either to resolve local circulation more accurately or to represent local scales that cannot be simulated globally while remaining within a global modeling framework., Plain Language Summary: Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Weather and Climate Model (ICON‐O) is a global ocean general circulation model that works on unstructured grids. It rests on novel numerical techniques that belong to the class of structure‐preserving finite Volume methods. Unstructured grids allow on the one hand a uniform coverage of the sphere without resolution clustering, and on the other hand they provide the freedom to intentionally cluster grid points in some region of interest. In this work we run ICON‐O on an uniform grid of approximately 10 km resolution and on a grid with four times less degrees of freedom that is stretched such that in the resulting telescoping grid within the North Atlantic the two resolutions are similar, while outside the focal area the grid approaches smoothly ∼80 km resolution. By comparison with observations and reanalysis data we show first, that the simulation on the uniform 10 km grid provides a decent mesoscale eddy rich simulation and second, that the telescoping grid is able to reproduce the mesoscale rich circulation locally in the North Atlantic and on decadal time scales. This telescoping technique of unstructured grids opens new research directions., Key Points: We describe Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Weather and Climate Model (ICON‐O) the ocean component of ICON‐ESM 1.0, based on the ICON modeling framework. ICON‐O is analyzed in a globally mesoscale‐rich simulation and in a telescoping configuration. In telescoping configuration ICON‐O reproduces locally the eddy dynamics with less computational costs than the uniform configuration., https://swiftbrowser.dkrz.de/public/dkrz_07387162e5cd4c81b1376bd7c648bb60/kornetal2021, https://mpimet.mpg.de/en/science/modeling-with-icon/code-availability

Published
2022
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10. The Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Application in First Person Point-of-View (IVRA-FPV) on The Learning and Generalized Performance of a Lumbar Puncture Medical Procedure

Author

Nicolas Molinari, Maxime Ros, Sam Ng, Nicolas Lonjon, Franck Gatto, Lorenz S. Neuwirth, and Blaise Debien

Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Point (typography), Lumbar puncture, Medical procedure, 05 social sciences, Educational technology, 050301 education, Virtual reality, Education, First person, Generalization (learning), medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Medical physics, Psychology, 0503 education, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract

Medical procedures require skilled reliability, precision, and efficiency. One way in which techniques could be taught to address these requirements is through immersive tutorials in virtual reality (VR), that employ a 3D video (filmed from the first-person point-of-view [FPV]), which is then displayed through an immersive VR application (IVRA-FPV). The present study assessed the pedagogical value of the IVRA-FPV training that taught participants how to implement a lumbar puncture. This procedure was recorded and the corresponding IVRA-FPV tutorial was produced. Medical users/learners (N = 89) were subjected to a prospective randomized comparative study comprised of one group that was assigned to the traditional lecture (n = 44) and the other group to the IVRA-FPV tutorial (n = 45). Each participant was then evaluated as they demonstrated the technique on a mannequin to assess their applied learning skillset generalization. Participants that attended the traditional lecture exhibited better answers during oral examination (p

Published
2021
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11. Under or Absent Reporting of Light Stimuli in Testing of Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodents: The Need for Standardization

Author

Neuwirth, Lorenz S., Verrengia, Michael T., Harikinish-Murrary, Zachary I., Orens, Jessica E., and Lopez, Oscar E.

Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Behavioral neuroscience tests such as the Light/Dark Test, the Open Field Test, the Elevated Plus Maze Test, and the Three Chamber Social Interaction Test have become both essential and widely used behavioral tests for transgenic and pre-clinical models for drug screening and testing. However, as fast as the field has evolved and the contemporaneous involvement of technology, little assessment of the literature has been done to ensure that these behavioral neuroscience tests that are crucial to pre-clinical testing have well-controlled ethological motivation by the use of lighting (i.e., Lux). In the present review paper, N = 420 manuscripts were examined from 2015 to 2019 as a sample set (i.e., n = ~20–22 publications per year) and it was found that only a meager n = 50 publications (i.e., 11.9% of the publications sampled) met the criteria for proper anxiogenic and anxiolytic Lux reported. These findings illustrate a serious concern that behavioral neuroscience papers are not being vetted properly at the journal review level and are being released into the literature and public domain making it difficult to assess the quality of the science being reported. This creates a real need for standardizing the use of Lux in all publications on behavioral neuroscience techniques within the field to ensure that contributions are meaningful, avoid unnecessary duplication, and ultimately would serve to create a more efficient process within the pre-clinical screening/testing for drugs that serve as anxiolytic compounds that would prove more useful than what prior decades of work have produced. It is suggested that improving the standardization of the use and reporting of Lux in behavioral neuroscience tests and the standardization of peer-review processes overseeing the proper documentation of these methodological approaches in manuscripts could serve to advance pre-clinical testing for effective anxiolytic drugs. This report serves to highlight this concern and proposes strategies to proactively remedy them as the field moves forward for decades to come.

Published
2022
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12. Taurine-Derived Compounds Produce Anxiolytic Effects in Rats Following Developmental Lead Exposure

Author

Lorenz S, Neuwirth, Bright U, Emenike, George B, Cruz, Ericka, Cabañas, Michelle A, Vasquez, Jewel N, Joseph, Zaid, Ayaz, Mohammed, Mian, Mohamed M, Ali, Evan G, Clarke, Eddy D, Barrera, Nimra, Hameed, Samantha, Rubi, Teddy F, Dacius, Jourvonn C, Skeen, Jalen R, Bonitto, Eric B, Khairi, Asma, Iqbal, Isra, Ahmed, Tokunbo J, Jose, Kirsten P, Lynch, Amber, Alivira, Neena, Mathew, Sukhpreet, Kaur, Sidrah, Masood, Bettina, Tranquilee, and Veni, Thiruverkadu

Subjects
Male, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Lead, Pregnancy, Taurine, Animals, Female, Rats, Long-Evans, Anxiety, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Rats
Abstract

Lead (Pb

Published
2022

13. Developmental Lead Exposure in Rats Causes Sex-Dependent Changes in Neurobiological and Anxiety-Like Behaviors that Are Improved by Taurine Co-treatment

Author

George B, Cruz, Michelle A, Vasquez, Ericka, Cabañas, Jewel N, Joseph, Jourvonn C, Skeen, Kirsten P, Lynch, Isra, Ahmed, Eric B, Khairi, Jalen R, Bonitto, Evan G, Clarke, Samantha, Rubi, Nimra, Hameed, Sukhpreet, Kaur, Neena, Mathew, Teddy F, Dacius, Tokunbo J, Jose, Gabriella, Handford, Samuel, Wolfe, Alex, Feher, Kyle, Tidwell, Jon, Tobin, Enero, Ugalde, Samantha, Fee, Allison, Choe, Katherine, Gillenwater, Bilal, Hindi, Shawna, Pilout, Nick R, Natale, Nick, Domahoski, Molly H, Kent, Joanna C, Jacob, Kelly G, Lambert, and Lorenz S, Neuwirth

Subjects
Anti-Anxiety Agents, Lead, Pregnancy, Taurine, Animals, Female, Rats, Long-Evans, Anxiety, Hippocampus, Rats
Abstract

Lead (Pb

Published
2022

14. In Vivo Sex-Dependent Effects of Perinatal Pb

Author

Michelle A, Vasquez, George B, Cruz, Ericka, Cabañas, Jewel N, Joseph, Mohammad, Mian, Sai Karthik V, Madhira, Chelsea A, Akintunde, Evan G, Clarke, Jourvonn C, Skeen, Jalen R, Bonitto, Eric B, Khairi, Kirsten P, Lynch, Narmin H, Mekawy, Abdeslem, El Idrissi, Youngjoo, Kim, Bright U, Emenike, and Lorenz S, Neuwirth

Subjects
Male, Neuropharmacology, Lead, Pregnancy, Seizures, Taurine, Cholinergic Agents, Pilocarpine, Humans, Female
Abstract

Lead (Pb

Published
2022

15. Influences of Taurine Pharmacodynamics and Sex on Active Avoidance Learning and Memory

Author

Wei, Zhu, George B, Cruz, Zaid, Ayaz, Jewel N, Joseph, Akil, Boby, Patrick, Cadet, and Lorenz S, Neuwirth

Subjects
Male, Memory, Taurine, Emotions, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Humans, Female, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
Abstract

Researchers have begun to direct their research to focus on the use of taurine as a psychopharmacotherapeutic compound to treat a wide range of health- related conditions as well as neuropathological diseases. Moreover, taurine has been shown to improve emotional and cognitive declines associated with senescence in neurotypical animal models. However, despite these advances in the field of taurine therapeutics, much less is known regarding the effects of sex and taurine on neurotypical animal models that are then manipulated, modified, and/or mutated to study human diseases. The present study sought to investigate this matter in a Long Evans Hooded rat model of mature age (i.e., postnatal day 60-90) in an active avoidance test (AAT). Rats were trained for 20 trials, given a 1 h. test break, retrained for another 20 trials, and then tested at 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week for learning and memory retention. An N = 63 rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) Control (n = 22), (2) Taurine Pre-Train (n = 19), and (3) Taurine Post-Train (n = 20). The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of taurine given 15 min before training when compared to being given after training but 15 min before testing at 24 h on learning and memory consolidation of the AAT. The results showed in Control rats that females had shorter latencies to cross in the shuttle box, increased rates of correct learning by the % Avoids/Escapes, and decreased rates of learning errors by the % Shocks. In Taurine Post-Train male rats, taurine treatment decreased their latency to cross in the shuttle box and their rate of learning errors by the % Shocks at 24 h and 48 h Testing, but it had no effect on their rate of correct learning by the % Avoids/Escapes when compared to Control and Taurine Pre-Train male rats. In contrast, Taurine Post-Train female rats increased their latency to cross in the shuttle box during Training, 24 h and 48 h Testing, when compared to the Control and Taurine Pre-Train female rats. Further, Taurine Post-Train female rats decreased their rate of learning % Avoids/Escapes and increased the rate of learning errors % Shocks when compared to Control female rats during Training and 24 h Testing but decreased their rate of learning % Avoids/Escapes and increased the rate of learning errors % Shocks when compared to Taurine Pre-Train female rats across all test conditions. These findings suggest that neurotypical female rats may be more sensitive to the aversive stimuli (i.e., foot shocks) used in the AAT as a motivating factor for learning that may cause paradoxical behavioral learning and memory patterns. This phenomenon raises an important concern for researchers to consider when studying learning and behavioral tests in rodents that use aversive and non-aversive stimuli or a combination of both such as in the AAT. Taurine, albeit neuroprotective, may not have as much benefit in a neurotypical animal model and may increase the susceptibility for anxiogenic behaviors and interfere with cognitive learning and memory behaviors. Therefore, the mechanistic way(s) in which taurine can treat, recovery, ameliorate, and forestall other neuropathological diseases in animal models may have different psychopharmacodynamics and psychopharmacokinetics in a neurotypical animal model and should be studied with caution. This does not preclude the continued investigation of taurine psychopharmacotherapies for neuropathological diseases but encourages the careful investigation of taurine supplementation and treatment in neurotypical animals as paradoxical behavioral and cognitive outcomes have been observed herein.

Published
2022

16. Developmental Pb2+-exposure alters KCC₂ and VSCC-β3 subunit expression patterns in the postnatal rat brain and cerebellar granule cell cultures: Implications for disrupted GABA-shifts resulting from neurotoxicant exposures

Author

Abdeslem El Idrissi and Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, β3 subunit, General Neuroscience, medicine, Granule cell, Rat brain, Psychology, Cell biology
Published
2021
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17. Fragmentation of a trapped bosonic mixture

Author

Alon, Ofir E. and Cederbaum, Lorenz S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, History, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

Fragmentation of bosons and pairs in a trapped imbalanced bosonic mixture is investigated analytically using an exactly solvable model, the generic harmonic-interaction model for mixtures. Closed-form expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the reduced one-particle and two-particle density matrices as a function of all parameters, the masses, numbers of bosons, and the intraspecies and interspecies interactions, are obtained and analyzed. As an application, we consider a system made of $N_1=100$ non-interacting species $1$ bosons embedded in a bath made of $N_2=10^6$ non-interacting species $2$ bosons, and show how fragmentation of the system's bosons and pairs emerges from the system--bath interaction only. Interestingly, the lighter the bosons comprising the bath are the stronger is the system's fragmentation. Further applications are briefly discussed., 12 pages, 2 figures

Published
2023
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18. Caged-electron states and split-electron states in the endohedral alkali C60

Author

Yi-Fan Yang and Lorenz S. Cederbaum

Subjects
Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Radial distribution, Electron, State (functional analysis), 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Alkali metal, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic states, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Endohedral fullerene, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The low-lying electronic states of neutral X@C60 (X = Li, Na, K, Rb) have been computed and analyzed by employing state-of-the-art high level many-electron methods. Apart from the common charge-separated states, well known to be present in endohedral fullerenes, one non-charge-separated state has been found in each of the investigated systems. In Li@C60 and Na@C60, the non-charge-separated state is a caged-electron state already discussed before for Li@C60. This indicates that the application of this low-lying state of Li@C60 discussed before is also applicable for Na@C60. In K@C60 and Rb@C60, the electronic radial distribution analysis shows that this hitherto unknown non-charge-separated state possesses a different nature from that of a caged-electron state.

Published
2021
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19. Signature of the neighbor's quantum nuclear dynamics in the electron transfer mediated decay spectra

Author

Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Kirill Gokhberg, and Aryya Ghosh

Subjects
Physics, Polyatomic ion, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Electron, Electronic structure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 3. Good health, Chemistry, Electron transfer, Delocalized electron, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Singlet state, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract

We computed fully quantum nuclear dynamics, which accompanies electron transfer mediated decay (ETMD) in weakly bound polyatomic clusters. We considered two HeLi2 clusters – with Li2 being either in the singlet electronic ground state or in the triplet first excited state – in which ETMD takes place after ionization of He. The electron transfer from Li2 to He+ leads to the emission of another electron from Li2 into the continuum. Due to the weak binding of He to Li2 in the initial states of both clusters, the involved nuclear wavepackets are very extended. This makes both the calculation of their evolution and the interpretation of the results difficult. We showed that despite the highly delocalized nature of the wavepackets the nuclear dynamics in the decaying state is imprinted on the ETMD electron spectra. The analysis of the latter helps understanding the effect which electronic structure and binding strength in the cluster produce on the quantum motion of the nuclei in the decaying state. The results produce a detailed picture of this important charge transfer process in polyatomic systems., We computed fully quantum nuclear dynamics, which accompanies electron transfer mediated decay (ETMD) in weakly bound polyatomic clusters.

Published
2021
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21. Cereal and Juice, Lead and Arsenic, Our Children at Risk: A Call for the FDA to Re-Evaluate the Allowable Limits of Lead and Arsenic That Children May Ingest

Author

Lorenz S. Neuwirth, Ericka Cabañas, Patrick Cadet, Wei Zhu, and Morri E. Markowitz

Subjects
Lead, United States Food and Drug Administration, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metals, Heavy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Infant, Edible Grain, United States, Arsenic
Abstract

Eliminating heavy metal contamination of foods is a goal yet to be achieved in the U.S. In recent months, efforts have been underway to have the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) re-evaluate the permissible limits of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) allowable in cereals and juices aimed for consumption by children. This report discusses the recent scientific literature that support proposed revisions in these limits. It presents proactive suggestions for the FDA to consider in its response to concerns of ongoing Pb and As exposures in food and drinks. While more scientific studies are needed to better define ‘safe’ levels of Pb and As exposures and ingestion of these elements in general are neurotoxic, the higher sensitivity of children to these toxic elements makes it imperative that the FDA adjust standards to be most protective of infants, toddlers, and children.

Published
2022

22. The acute effect of resistance exercise on limb blood flow

Author

Travis D. Gibbons, James D. Cotter, Andre M. van Rij, Lorenz S Kissling, Ashley P. Akerman, and Kate N. Thomas

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Brachial Artery, Physiology, Hemodynamics, Blood Pressure, Acute effect, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Health benefits, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Resistance training, Extremities, Resistance Training, General Medicine, Blood flow, Muscle oxygenation, Adaptation, Physiological, Peripheral, Vasodilation, Blood pressure, Regional Blood Flow, Cardiology, Female, Endothelium, Vascular, Stress, Mechanical, business, Blood Flow Velocity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

New findings What is the central question of this study? How does resistance exercise affect peripheral haemodynamics in the active and inactive limb? What is the main finding and its importance? Preliminary data indicate that resistance exercise increases flow and shear rate in the active limb transiently. The same exercise has minimal, short-lasting influence on peripheral haemodynamics in the inactive limb, but further research is required to elaborate on resistance exercise-mediated changes in vascular function in active and inactive limbs. Abstract Current evidence indicates that to achieve maximum health benefits, regular resistance exercise should be a key component of structured physical activity. Several studies have revealed that regular resistance exercise may be associated with impaired vascular function, although this finding is inconsistent. Proposed explanations for impairment include substantial increases in blood pressure and increased retrograde blood flow in active limbs promoted by resistance exercise. However, few studies have examined the acute haemodynamics of resistance exercise in active - and even fewer in inactive - limbs. The purpose of this study was to characterise the haemodynamic responses in peripheral arteries in active and inactive limbs in response to resistance exercise using upper and lower limbs. Ten participants (five male, five female) familiar with resistance training performed three sets of 10 isotonic repetitions of right-sided bicep curls or knee extensions on separate days. Blood flow, shear rate and muscle oxygenation in the active and inactive limb, and blood pressure were measured before and for 3 min after each set. Blood flow increased in response to resistance exercise in the active limb (∼8-fold and ∼6-fold for the upper and lower limb respectively), with concurrent significant increases in mean and antegrade shear rate. In the inactive limb, blood flow more than doubled for both upper and lower limb exercise, transiently, with no significant change in retrograde shear rate. These acute blood flow profiles following resistance exercise are not indicative of long-term vessel impairment based on current understanding of blood flow and shear stress patterns.

Published
2020
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23. Considerations for advancing a well integrated comparative psychology research approach directed toward improving our understanding of fronto-executive functions

Author

Lorenz S. Neuwirth and Bryan Kolb

Subjects
Chemical exposure, Comparative psychology, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Childhood development, Frontal lobe, Memory training, General Neuroscience, Cognition, Prefrontal cortex, Psychology, Executive functions, Cognitive psychology
Published
2020
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24. Fronto-executive functions

Author

Bryan Kolb and Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, General Neuroscience, Executive functions, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Published
2020
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25. Flipd App Reduces Cellular Phone Distractions in the Traditional College Classroom: Implications for Enriched Discussions and Student Retention

Author

Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Subjects
Medical education, Fear of missing out, education, 05 social sciences, Active engagement, 050301 education, 050109 social psychology, Education, Phone, Student attendance, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Student learning, Psychology, 0503 education, Curriculum, College classroom
Abstract

Cellular phone distractions inhibit faculty delivering and students learning the curriculum by reducing student attendance and active engagement. Arguably, cellular phone usage during precious class times can be a risk factor for student attrition, but scarce solutions have been offered to address this problem in colleges. The Flipd App, a cellular phone distraction reduction technology was tested on 266 college students. The results showed a positive linear relationship between usage and attendance rates and a negative linear relationship between usage and ≥ 3 absence rates, and ∼10% of students resisted its use. The Flipd App may serve as a predictive educational intervention tool that increases active learning, reduces attrition, and increases retention. It may be useful in classes with less hands-on activities to reduce distractions and increase active student engagement. The Flipd App may prove useful in helping college students curb their screen time habits from the Fear of Missing Out to the Joy of Missing Out.

Published
2020
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26. Taurine-Derived Compounds Produce Anxiolytic Effects in Rats Following Developmental Lead Exposure

Author

Lorenz S. Neuwirth, Bright U. Emenike, George B. Cruz, Ericka Cabañas, Michelle A. Vasquez, Jewel N. Joseph, Zaid Ayaz, Mohammed Mian, Mohamed M. Ali, Evan G. Clarke, Eddy D. Barrera, Nimra Hameed, Samantha Rubi, Teddy F. Dacius, Jourvonn C. Skeen, Jalen R. Bonitto, Eric B. Khairi, Asma Iqbal, Isra Ahmed, Tokunbo J. Jose, Kirsten P. Lynch, Amber Alivira, Neena Mathew, Sukhpreet Kaur, Sidrah Masood, Bettina Tranquilee, and Veni Thiruverkadu

Published
2022
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28. Building an Extended Reality Pedagogical Continuum Through 180° First-Person Point-of-View Video

Author

Maxime Ros and Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Abstract

The advancement of virtual reality (VR) technology for educational instruction and curricular (re)design have become highly attractive and newly demanding areas of both the technology and healthcare industries. However, the quickly evolving field is still learning about each of the associated VR technologies, whether they are evidence-based, and how they are validated to decrease cognitive load and in turn increase student/learner comprehension. Likewise, the instructional (re)design of the content that the student/learner is exposed to in VR, and whether it is immersive, and promotes memorable content and experiences can influence their learning outcomes. Here the Revinax® Handbook content library that is displayed in an immersive virtual reality application in first-person point-of-view (IVRA-FPV) is contrasted with third-person point-of-view (IVRA-TPV) through VR headsets to an individual, and computer displays to many individuals along with augmented reality (AR) are evaluated as emerging advancements in the field of VR and AR.

Published
2022
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30. Developmental Lead Exposure in Rats Causes Sex-Dependent Changes in Neurobiological and Anxiety-Like Behaviors that Are Improved by Taurine Co-treatment

Author

George B. Cruz, Michelle A. Vasquez, Ericka Cabañas, Jewel N. Joseph, Jourvonn C. Skeen, Kirsten P. Lynch, Isra Ahmed, Eric B. Khairi, Jalen R. Bonitto, Evan G. Clarke, Samantha Rubi, Nimra Hameed, Sukhpreet Kaur, Neena Mathew, Teddy F. Dacius, Tokunbo J. Jose, Gabriella Handford, Samuel Wolfe, Alex Feher, Kyle Tidwell, Jon Tobin, Enero Ugalde, Samantha Fee, Allison Choe, Katherine Gillenwater, Bilal Hindi, Shawna Pilout, Nick R. Natale, Nick Domahoski, Molly H. Kent, Joanna C. Jacob, Kelly G. Lambert, and Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Published
2022
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31. In Vivo Sex-Dependent Effects of Perinatal Pb2+ Exposure on Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure Susceptibility and Taurine Neuropharmacology

Author

Michelle A. Vasquez, George B. Cruz, Ericka Cabañas, Jewel N. Joseph, Mohammad Mian, Sai Karthik V. Madhira, Chelsea A. Akintunde, Evan G. Clarke, Jourvonn C. Skeen, Jalen R. Bonitto, Eric B. Khairi, Kirsten P. Lynch, Narmin H. Mekawy, Abdeslem El Idrissi, Youngjoo Kim, Bright U. Emenike, and Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Published
2022
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33. On the Endocircular Li@C

Author

Yi-Fan, Yang and Lorenz S, Cederbaum

Abstract

The endocircular Li@C

Published
2021

34. Comparisons Between First Person Point-of-View 180° Video Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display and 3D Video Computer Display in Teaching Undergraduate Neuroscience Students Stereotaxic Surgeries

Author

Lorenz S. Neuwirth and Maxime Ros

Subjects
3D video computer display, Point (typography), 05 social sciences, Distance education, Psychological intervention, Optical head-mounted display, QA75.5-76.95, Virtual reality, Revinax, 050105 experimental psychology, Comprehension, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, video virtual reality head-mounted display, First person, Electronic computers. Computer science, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, stereotaxic surgery, virtual reality, Virtual training, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Introduction:Students interested in neuroscience surgical applications learn about stereotaxic surgery mostly through textbooks that introduce the concepts but lack sufficient details to provide students with applied learning skills related to biomedical research. The present study employed a novel pedagogical approach which used an immersive virtual reality (VR) alternative to teach students stereotaxic surgery procedures through the point of view (POV) of the neuroscientist conducting the research procedures.Methods:The study compared the 180° video virtual reality head-mounted display (180° video VR HMD) and the 3D video computer display groups to address the learning gaps created by textbooks that insufficiently teach stereotaxic surgery, by bringing students into the Revinax®Virtual Training Solutions educational instruction platform/technology. Following the VR experience, students were surveyed to determine their ratings of the learning content and comprehension of the material and how it compared to a traditional lecture, an online/hybrid lecture, and YouTube/other video content, as well as whether they would have interest in such a pedagogical tool.Results:The 180° video VR HMD and the 3D video computer display groups helped students attend to and learn the material equally, it improved their self-study, and they would recommend that their college/university invest in this type of pedagogy. Students reported that both interventions increased their rate of learning, their retention of the material, and its translatability. Students equally preferred both interventions over traditional lectures, online/hybrid courses, textbooks, and YouTube/other video content to learn stereotaxic surgery.Conclusion:Students preferred to learn in and achieve greater learning outcomes from both the 180° video VR HMD and the 3D video computer display over other pedagogical instructional formats and thought that it would be a more humane alternative to show how to conduct the stereotaxic surgical procedure without having to unnecessarily use/practice and/or demonstrate on an animal. Thus, this pedagogical approach facilitated their learning in a manner that was consistent with the 3-Rs in animal research and ethics. The 180° video VR HMD and the 3D video computer display can be a low-cost and effective pedagogical option for distance/remote learning content for students as we get through the COVID-19 pandemic or for future alternative online/hybrid classroom instruction to develop skills/reskill/upskill in relation to neuroscience techniques.

Published
2021
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35. Born-Oppenheimer approximation in optical cavities: from success to breakdown

Author

Ágnes Vibók, Csaba Fábri, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, and Gábor J. Halász

Subjects
Physics, Coupling, 01.03. Fizikai tudományok, symbols.namesake, Chemistry, Quantum mechanics, Polyatomic ion, Born–Oppenheimer approximation, symbols, Molecule, General Chemistry, Conical surface, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract

The coupling of a molecule and a cavity induces nonadiabaticity in the molecule which makes the description of its dynamics complicated. For polyatomic molecules, reduced-dimensional models and the use of the Born–Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) may remedy the situation. It is demonstrated that contrary to expectation, BOA may even fail in a one-dimensional model and is generally expected to fail in two- or more-dimensional models due to the appearance of conical intersections induced by the cavity., The coupling of a molecule and a cavity induces nonadiabaticity in the molecule which makes the description of its dynamics complicated.

Published
2021

36. Heat-induced hypervolemia: Does the mode of acclimation matter and what are the implications for performance at Tokyo 2020?

Author

Ashley P. Akerman, James D. Cotter, and Lorenz S Kissling

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Heat induced, biology, Physiology, Athletes, Cardiorespiratory fitness, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Plasma volume, Acclimatization, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Heat acclimation, Physiology (medical), Exercise performance, medicine, Environmental science, Hypervolemia, Call for Papers: Anticipating the Tokyo Olympic Games
Abstract

Tokyo 2020 will likely be the most heat stressful Olympics to date, so preparation to mitigate the effects of humid heat will be essential for performance in several of the 33 sports. One key consideration is heat acclimation (HA); the repeated exposure to heat to elicit physiological and psychophysical adaptations that improve tolerance and exercise performance in the heat. Heat can be imposed in various ways, including exercise in the heat, hot water immersion, or passive exposure to hot air (e.g., sauna). The physical requirements of each sport will determine the impact that the heat has on performance, and the adaptations required from HA to mitigate these effects. This review focuses on one key adaptation, plasma volume expansion (PVE), and how the mode of HA may affect the kinetics of adaptation. PVE constitutes a primary HA-mediated adaptation and contributes to functional adaptations (e.g., lower heart rate and increased heat loss capacity), which may be particularly important in athletes of “sub-elite” cardiorespiratory fitness (e.g., team sports), alongside athletes of prolonged endurance events. This review: i) highlights the ability of exercise in the heat, hot-water immersion, and passive hot air to expand PV, providing the first quantitative assessment of the efficacy of different heating modes; ii) discusses how this may apply to athletes at Tokyo 2020; and iii) provides recommendations regarding the protocol of HA and the prospect for achieving PVE (and the related outcomes).

Published
2019
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37. The attention set-shifting test is sensitive for revealing sex-based impairments in executive functions following developmental lead exposure in rats

Author

David W. Anderson, Jay S. Schneider, Sidrah Masood, and Lorenz S. Neuwirth

Subjects
Male, Peri, Control female, Physiology, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Article, Lead poisoning, Executive Function, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Male rats, Animals, Medicine, Attention, Rats, Long-Evans, 030304 developmental biology, Memory Disorders, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Cognitive flexibility, Executive functions, medicine.disease, Rats, Lead Poisoning, Disease Models, Animal, Lead, Lead exposure, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The literature on lead (Pb) exposure has focused in large part on hippocampal-based learning and memory deficits, although frontoexecutive dysfunctions are known to exist in Pb-exposed humans. This study examined the effects of perinatal (PERI) and early postnatal (EPN) developmental low-level Pb-exposures in rats on frontoexecutive functions, using the Attention Set-Shift Test (ASST). Control males and females performed the ASST similarly. Male EPN rats had difficulty with simple discrimination (SD) of odors and failed to complete the compound discrimination (CD) stage of the ASST. All other Pb-exposed rats completed the training and testing. Male PERI rats performed worse on the SD, intradimensional (ID), and intradimensional-reversal (ID-Rev) ASST stages when compared to male Control rats. Female EPN rats performed similar to Controls on the ID-Rev rats, whereas PERI rats performed better the trials-to-criterion on the ID-Rev than EPN and Control rats. Pb-exposed female rats had significant difficulty performing the ED/ED-Rev stages, with the number of trials-to-criterion double that required by Pb-exposed and Control male rats and Control female rats. Together, the ASST results showed that developmental Pb-exposure induces frontoexecutive dysfunction that persists into adulthood, with different sex-based vulnerabilities dependent upon the time-period of neurotoxicant exposure.

Published
2019
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39. Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

Author

Bay, Daya, collaborations, JUNO, Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F. P., An, G. P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de André, J. P. A. M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H. R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y. K., Cai, Z. Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C. Y., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chakaberia, I., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, P. A., Chen, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cheng, Z. K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M. C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, ., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Corti, D., Costa, S., Corso, F. D., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F. S., Deng, J. W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z. Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J. M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S. X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D. H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L. C., Feng, Q. C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J. P., Gan, H. N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Göttel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M. H., Gu, W. Q., Gu, X. F., Gu, Y., Guan, M. Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, W. L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R. W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K. M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y. K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D. J., Hor, Y. K., Hou, S. J., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, H., Hu, J. R., Hu, J., Hu, S. Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, C. H., Huang, G. H., Huang, H. X., Huang, Q. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Hui, J. Q., Huo, L., Huo, W. J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. Z., Jia, H. H., Jia, J. J., Jian, S. Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X. S., Jin, R. Y., Jing, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S. H., Khan, A., Khan, W., Khosonthongkee, K., Kinz, P., Kohn, S., Korablev, D., Kouzakov, K., Kramer, M., Krasnoperov, A., Krokhaleva, S., Krumshteyn, Z., Kruth, A., Kutovskiy, N., Kuusiniemi, P., Lachacinski, B., Lachenmaier, T., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lefevre, F., Lei, L., Lei, R., Leitner, R., Leung, J., Li, C., Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, H. T., Li, H. L., Li, J., Li, J. J., Li, J. Q., Li, K. J., Li, M. Z., Li, N., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S. C., Li, S. F., Li, S. J., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. M., Li, X. N., Li, X. L., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Li, Z. Y., Liang, H., Liang, J. J., Liebau, D., Limphirat, A., Limpijumnong, S., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. X., Lin, T., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Lippi, I., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H. B., Liu, H. D., Liu, H. J., Liu, H. T., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, M., Liu, Q., Liu, R. X., Liu, S. Y., Liu, S. B., Liu, S. L., Liu, X. W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. B., Lu, J. G., Lu, S. X., Lu, X. X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K. B., Luo, F. J., Luo, G., Luo, P. W., Luo, S., Luo, W. M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q. M., Ma, S., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y. J., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Müller, A., Meng, G., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhöfer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D. V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F. P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H. R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y. T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A. G., Peng, H. P., Peng, J. C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P. A., Rico, L. F. Pineres, Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X. H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, S. K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C. M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X. C., Ruan, X. D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J. Y., Shi, Y. J., Shutov, V., Sidorenkov, A., Simkovic, F., Sirignano, C., Siripak, J., Sisti, M., Slupecki, M., Smirnov, M., Smirnov, O., Sogo-Bezerra, T., Songwadhana, J., Soonthornthum, B., Sotnikov, A., Sramek, O., Sreethawong, W., Stahl, A., Stanco, L., Stankevich, K., Stefanik, D., Steiger, H., Steiner, H., Steinmann, J., Stender, M., Strati, V., Studenikin, A., Sun, G. X., Sun, L. T., Sun, J. L., Sun, S. F., Sun, X. L., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Y. Z., Suwonjandee, N., Szelezniak, M., Tang, J., Tang, Q., Tang, X., Tietzsch, A., Tkachev, I., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Troni, G., Trzaska, W., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tuve, C., van Waasen, S., Boom, J. Vanden, Vassilopoulos, N., Vedin, V., Verde, G., Vialkov, M., Viaud, B., Viren, B., Volpe, C., Vorobel, V., Votano, L., Walker, P., Wang, C., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, G. L., Wang, J., Wang, K. Y., Wang, L., Wang, M. F., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, S. G., Wang, W., Wang, W. S., Wang, X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wang, Z. Y., Watcharangkool, A., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wiebusch, C., Wong, S. C. F., Wong, H. L. H., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wu, C. H., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Wu, Z., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Wysotzki, C., Xi, Y. F., Xia, D. M., Xie, Y. G., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, F. R., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, J., Xu, M. H., Xu, T., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, B. J., Yan, X. B., Yan, Y. P., Yang, A. B., Yang, C. G., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X. Y., Yang, Y. F., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Yasin, Z., Ye, J. X., Ye, M., Yegin, U., Yeh, M., Yermia, F., Yi, P. H., You, Z. Y., Young, B. L., Yu, B. X., Yu, C. X., Yu, C. Y., Yu, H. Z., Yu, M., Yu, X. H., Yu, Z. Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yuan, Z. X., Yuan, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zafar, N., Zambanini, A., Zeng, P., Zeng, S., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, Y. D., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, H. Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, P., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, T., Zhang, X. M., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, F. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R., Zhao, S. J., Zhao, T. C., Zheng, D. Q., Zheng, H., Zheng, M. S., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, W. R., Zhou, J., Zhou, L., Zhou, N., Zhou, S., Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, K. J., Zhuang, H. L., Zong, L., Zou, J. H., Abusleme A., Adam T., Ahmad S., Aiello S., Akram M., Ali N., An F.P., An G.P., An Q., Andronico G., Anfimov N., Antonelli V., Antoshkina T., Asavapibhop B., de Andre J.P.A.M., Babic A., Balantekin A.B., Baldini W., Baldoncini M., Band H.R., Barresi A., Baussan E., Bellato M., Bernieri E., Biare D., Birkenfeld T., Bishai M., Blin S., Blum D., Blyth S., Bordereau C., Brigatti A., Brugnera R., Budano A., Burgbacher P., Buscemi M., Bussino S., Busto J., Butorov I., Cabrera A., Cai H., Cai X., Cai Y.K., Cai Z.Y., Cammi A., Campeny A., Cao C.Y., Cao G.F., Cao J., Caruso R., Cerna C., Chang J.F., Chang Y., Chen H.S., Chen P.A., Chen P.P., Chen S.M., Chen S.J., Chen X.R., Chen Y.W., Chen Y.X., Chen Y., Chen Z., Cheng J., Cheng Y.P., Cheng Z.K., Chepurnov A., Cherwinka J.J., Chiarello F., Chiesa D., Chimenti P., Chu M.C., Chukanov A., Chuvashova A., Clementi C., Clerbaux B., Di Lorenzo S.C., Corti D., Costa S., Dal Corso F., Cummings J.P., Dalager O., De La Taille C., Deng F.S., Deng J.W., Deng Z., Deng Z.Y., Depnering W., Diaz M., Ding X.F., Ding Y.Y., Dirgantara B., Dmitrievsky S., Diwan M.V., Dohnal T., Donchenko G., Dong J.M., Dornic D., Doroshkevich E., Dove J., Dracos M., Druillole F., Du S.X., Dusini S., Dvorak M., Dwyer D.A., Enqvist T., Enzmann H., Fabbri A., Fajt L., Fan D.H., Fan L., Fang C., Fang J., Fatkina A., Fedoseev D., Fekete V., Feng L.C., Feng Q.C., Fiorentini G., Ford R., Formozov A., Fournier A., Franke S., Gallo J.P., Gan H.N., Gao F., Garfagnini A., Gottel A., Genster C., Giammarchi M., Giaz A., Giudice N., Giuliani F., Gonchar M., Gong G.H., Gong H., Gorchakov O., Gornushkin Y., Grassi M., Grewing C., Gromov M., Gromov V., Gu M.H., Gu W.Q., Gu X.F., Gu Y., Guan M.Y., Guardone N., Gul M., Guo C., Guo J.Y., Guo L., Guo W.L., Guo X.H., Guo Y.H., Guo Z., Haacke M., Hackenburg R.W., Hackspacher P., Hagner C., Han R., Han Y., Hans S., He M., He W., Heeger K.M., Heinz T., Heng Y.K., Herrera R., Higuera A., Hong D.J., Hor Y.K., Hou S.J., Hsiung Y.B., Hu B.Z., Hu H., Hu J.R., Hu J., Hu S.Y., Hu T., Hu Z.J., Huang C.H., Huang G.H., Huang H.X., Huang Q.H., Huang W.H., Huang X.T., Huang Y.B., Huber P., Hui J.Q., Huo L., Huo W.J., Huss C., Hussain S., Insolia A., Ioannisian A., Ioannisyan D., Isocrate R., Jaffe D.E., Jen K.L., Ji X.L., Ji X.P., Ji X.Z., Jia H.H., Jia J.J., Jian S.Y., Jiang D., Jiang X.S., Jin R.Y., Jing X.P., Johnson R.A., Jollet C., Jones D., Joutsenvaara J., Jungthawan S., Kalousis L., Kampmann P., Kang L., Karagounis M., Kazarian N., Kettell S.H., Khan A., Khan W., Khosonthongkee K., Kinz P., Kohn S., Korablev D., Kouzakov K., Kramer M., Krasnoperov A., Krokhaleva S., Krumshteyn Z., Kruth A., Kutovskiy N., Kuusiniemi P., Lachacinski B., Lachenmaier T., Landini C., Langford T.J., Lee J., Lee J.H.C., Lefevre F., Lei L., Lei R., Leitner R., Leung J., Li D.M., Li F., Li H.T., Li H.L., Li J., Li J.J., Li J.Q., Li K.J., Li M.Z., Li N., Li Q.J., Li R.H., Li S.C., Li S.F., Li S.J., Li T., Li W.D., Li W.G., Li X.M., Li X.N., Li X.L., Li X.Q., Li Y., Li Y.F., Li Z.B., Li Z.Y., Liang H., Liang J.J., Liebau D., Limphirat A., Limpijumnong S., Lin C.J., Lin G.L., Lin S.X., Lin T., Lin Y.H., Ling J.J., Link J.M., Lippi I., Littenberg L., Littlejohn B.R., Liu F., Liu H., Liu H.B., Liu H.D., Liu H.J., Liu H.T., Liu J.C., Liu J.L., Liu M., Liu Q., Liu R.X., Liu S.Y., Liu S.B., Liu S.L., Liu X.W., Liu Y., Lokhov A., Lombardi P., Loo K., Lorenz S., Lu C., Lu H.Q., Lu J.B., Lu J.G., Lu S.X., Lu X.X., Lubsandorzhiev B., Lubsandorzhiev S., Ludhova L., Luk K.B., Luo F.J., Luo G., Luo P.W., Luo S., Luo W.M., Lyashuk V., Ma Q.M., Ma S., Ma X.B., Ma X.Y., Ma Y.Q., Malyshkin Y., Mantovani F., Mao Y.J., Mari S.M., Marini F., Marium S., Marshall C., Martellini C., Martin-Chassard G., Caicedo D.A.M., Martini A., Martino J., Mayilyan D., McDonald K.T., McKeown R.D., Muller A., Meng G., Mednieks I., Meng Y., Meregaglia A., Meroni E., Meyhofer D., Mezzetto M., Miller J., Miramonti L., Monforte S., Montini P., Montuschi M., Morozov N., Muralidharan P., Napolitano J., Nastasi M., Naumov D.V., Naumova E., Nemchenok I., Nikolaev A., Ning F.P., Ning Z., Nunokawa H., Oberauer L., Ochoa-Ricoux J.P., Olshevskiy A., Ortica F., Pan H.R., Paoloni A., Park J., Parkalian N., Parmeggiano S., Patton S., Payupol T., Pec V., Pedretti D., Pei Y.T., Pelliccia N., Peng A.G., Peng H.P., Peng J.C., Perrot F., Petitjean P.A., Rico L.F.P., Popov A., Poussot P., Pratumwan W., Previtali E., Pun C.S.J., Qi F.Z., Qi M., Qian S., Qian X., Qian X.H., Qiao H., Qin Z.H., Qiu S.K., Rajput M., Ranucci G., Raper N., Re A., Rebber H., Rebii A., Ren B., Ren J., Reveco C.M., Rezinko T., Ricci B., Robens M., Roche M., Rodphai N., Rohwer L., Romani A., Rosero R., Roskovec B., Roth C., Ruan X.C., Ruan X.D., Rujirawat S., Rybnikov A., Sadovsky A., Saggese P., Salamanna G., Sangka A., Sanguansak N., Sawangwit U., Sawatzki J., Sawy F., Schever M., Schuler J., Schwab C., Schweizer K., Selivanov D., Selyunin A., Serafini A., Settanta G., Settimo M., Shahzad M., Shi G., Shi J.Y., Shi Y.J., Shutov V., Sidorenkov A., Simkovic F., Sirignano C., Siripak J., Sisti M., Slupecki M., Smirnov M., Smirnov O., Sogo-Bezerra T., Songwadhana J., Soonthornthum B., Sotnikov A., Sramek O., Sreethawong W., Stahl A., Stanco L., Stankevich K., Stefanik D., Steiger H., Steiner H., Steinmann J., Stender M., Strati V., Studenikin A., Sun G.X., Sun L.T., Sun J.L., Sun S.F., Sun X.L., Sun Y.J., Sun Y.Z., Suwonjandee N., Szelezniak M., Tang J., Tang Q., Tang X., Tietzsch A., Tkachev I., Tmej T., Treskov K., Troni G., Trzaska W., Tse W.-H., Tull C.E., Tuve C., van Waasen S., Boom J.V.D., Vassilopoulos N., Vedin V., Verde G., Vialkov M., Viaud B., Viren B., Volpe C., Vorobel V., Votano L., Walker P., Wang C., Wang C.H., Wang E., Wang G.L., Wang J., Wang K.Y., Wang L., Wang M.F., Wang M., Wang N.Y., Wang R.G., Wang S.G., Wang W., Wang W.S., Wang X., Wang X.Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.F., Wang Y.G., Wang Y.M., Wang Y.Q., Wang Z., Wang Z.M., Wang Z.Y., Watcharangkool A., Wei H.Y., Wei L.H., Wei W., Wei Y.D., Wen L.J., Whisnant K., White C.G., Wiebusch C., Wong S.C.F., Wong H.L.H., Wonsak B., Worcester E., Wu C.H., Wu D.R., Wu F.L., Wu Q., Wu W.J., Wu Z., Wurm M., Wurtz J., Wysotzki C., Xi Y.F., Xia D.M., Xie Y.G., Xie Z.Q., Xing Z.Z., Xu D.L., Xu F.R., Xu H.K., Xu J.L., Xu J., Xu M.H., Xu T., Xu Y., Xue T., Yan B.J., Yan X.B., Yan Y.P., Yang A.B., Yang C.G., Yang H., Yang J., Yang L., Yang X.Y., Yang Y.F., Yang Y.Z., Yao H.F., Yasin Z., Ye J.X., Ye M., Yegin U., Yeh M., Yermia F., Yi P.H., You Z.Y., Young B.L., Yu B.X., Yu C.X., Yu C.Y., Yu H.Z., Yu M., Yu X.H., Yu Z.Y., Yuan C.Z., Yuan Y., Yuan Z.X., Yuan Z.Y., Yue B.B., Zafar N., Zambanini A., Zeng P., Zeng S., Zeng T.X., Zeng Y.D., Zhan L., Zhang C., Zhang F.Y., Zhang G.Q., Zhang H.H., Zhang H.Q., Zhang J., Zhang J.B., Zhang J.W., Zhang P., Zhang Q.M., Zhang T., Zhang X.M., Zhang X.T., Zhang Y., Zhang Y.H., Zhang Y.M., Zhang Y.P., Zhang Y.X., Zhang Y.Y., Zhang Z.J., Zhang Z.P., Zhang Z.Y., Zhao F.Y., Zhao J., Zhao R., Zhao S.J., Zhao T.C., Zheng D.Q., Zheng H., Zheng M.S., Zheng Y.H., Zhong W.R., Zhou J., Zhou L., Zhou N., Zhou S., Zhou X., Zhu J., Zhu K.J., Zhuang H.L., Zong L., Zou J.H., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), JUNO, Daya Bay, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Abusleme, A, Adam, T, Ahmad, S, Aiello, S, Akram, M, Ali, N, An, F, An, G, An, Q, Andronico, G, Anfimov, N, Antonelli, V, Antoshkina, T, Asavapibhop, B, de Andre, J, Babic, A, Balantekin, A, Baldini, W, Baldoncini, M, Band, H, Barresi, A, Baussan, E, Bellato, M, Bernieri, E, Biare, D, Birkenfeld, T, Bishai, M, Blin, S, Blum, D, Blyth, S, Bordereau, C, Brigatti, A, Brugnera, R, Budano, A, Burgbacher, P, Buscemi, M, Bussino, S, Busto, J, Butorov, I, Cabrera, A, Cai, H, Cai, X, Cai, Y, Cai, Z, Cammi, A, Campeny, A, Cao, C, Cao, G, Cao, J, Caruso, R, Cerna, C, Chang, J, Chang, Y, Chen, H, Chen, P, Chen, S, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Chen, Z, Cheng, J, Cheng, Y, Cheng, Z, Chepurnov, A, Cherwinka, J, Chiarello, F, Chiesa, D, Chimenti, P, Chu, M, Chukanov, A, Chuvashova, A, Clementi, C, Clerbaux, B, Di Lorenzo, S, Corti, D, Costa, S, Dal Corso, F, Cummings, J, Dalager, O, De La Taille, C, Deng, F, Deng, J, Deng, Z, Depnering, W, Diaz, M, Ding, X, Ding, Y, Dirgantara, B, Dmitrievsky, S, Diwan, M, Dohnal, T, Donchenko, G, Dong, J, Dornic, D, Doroshkevich, E, Dove, J, Dracos, M, Druillole, F, Du, S, Dusini, S, Dvorak, M, Dwyer, D, Enqvist, T, Enzmann, H, Fabbri, A, Fajt, L, Fan, D, Fan, L, Fang, C, Fang, J, Fatkina, A, Fedoseev, D, Fekete, V, Feng, L, Feng, Q, Fiorentini, G, Ford, R, Formozov, A, Fournier, A, Franke, S, Gallo, J, Gan, H, Gao, F, Garfagnini, A, Gottel, A, Genster, C, Giammarchi, M, Giaz, A, Giudice, N, Giuliani, F, Gonchar, M, Gong, G, Gong, H, Gorchakov, O, Gornushkin, Y, Grassi, M, Grewing, C, Gromov, M, Gromov, V, Gu, M, Gu, W, Gu, X, Gu, Y, Guan, M, Guardone, N, Gul, M, Guo, C, Guo, J, Guo, L, Guo, W, Guo, X, Guo, Y, Guo, Z, Haacke, M, Hackenburg, R, Hackspacher, P, Hagner, C, Han, R, Han, Y, Hans, S, He, M, He, W, Heeger, K, Heinz, T, Heng, Y, Herrera, R, Higuera, A, Hong, D, Hor, Y, Hou, S, Hsiung, Y, Hu, B, Hu, H, Hu, J, Hu, S, Hu, T, Hu, Z, Huang, C, Huang, G, Huang, H, Huang, Q, Huang, W, Huang, X, Huang, Y, Huber, P, Hui, J, Huo, L, Huo, W, Huss, C, Hussain, S, Insolia, A, Ioannisian, A, Ioannisyan, D, Isocrate, R, Jaffe, D, Jen, K, Ji, X, Jia, H, Jia, J, Jian, S, Jiang, D, Jiang, X, Jin, R, Jing, X, Johnson, R, Jollet, C, Jones, D, Joutsenvaara, J, Jungthawan, S, Kalousis, L, Kampmann, P, Kang, L, Karagounis, M, Kazarian, N, Kettell, S, Khan, A, Khan, W, Khosonthongkee, K, Kinz, P, Kohn, S, Korablev, D, Kouzakov, K, Kramer, M, Krasnoperov, A, Krokhaleva, S, Krumshteyn, Z, Kruth, A, Kutovskiy, N, Kuusiniemi, P, Lachacinski, B, Lachenmaier, T, Landini, C, Langford, T, Lee, J, Lefevre, F, Lei, L, Lei, R, Leitner, R, Leung, J, Li, D, Li, F, Li, H, Li, J, Li, K, Li, M, Li, N, Li, Q, Li, R, Li, S, Li, T, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Liang, H, Liang, J, Liebau, D, Limphirat, A, Limpijumnong, S, Lin, C, Lin, G, Lin, S, Lin, T, Lin, Y, Ling, J, Link, J, Lippi, I, Littenberg, L, Littlejohn, B, Liu, F, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liu, M, Liu, Q, Liu, R, Liu, S, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Lokhov, A, Lombardi, P, Loo, K, Lorenz, S, Lu, C, Lu, H, Lu, J, Lu, S, Lu, X, Lubsandorzhiev, B, Lubsandorzhiev, S, Ludhova, L, Luk, K, Luo, F, Luo, G, Luo, P, Luo, S, Luo, W, Lyashuk, V, Ma, Q, Ma, S, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malyshkin, Y, Mantovani, F, Mao, Y, Mari, S, Marini, F, Marium, S, Marshall, C, Martellini, C, Martin-Chassard, G, Caicedo, D, Martini, A, Martino, J, Mayilyan, D, Mcdonald, K, Mckeown, R, Muller, A, Meng, G, Mednieks, I, Meng, Y, Meregaglia, A, Meroni, E, Meyhofer, D, Mezzetto, M, Miller, J, Miramonti, L, Monforte, S, Montini, P, Montuschi, M, Morozov, N, Muralidharan, P, Napolitano, J, Nastasi, M, Naumov, D, Naumova, E, Nemchenok, I, Nikolaev, A, Ning, F, Ning, Z, Nunokawa, H, Oberauer, L, Ochoa-Ricoux, J, Olshevskiy, A, Ortica, F, Pan, H, Paoloni, A, Park, J, Parkalian, N, Parmeggiano, S, Patton, S, Payupol, T, Pec, V, Pedretti, D, Pei, Y, Pelliccia, N, Peng, A, Peng, H, Peng, J, Perrot, F, Petitjean, P, Rico, L, Popov, A, Poussot, P, Pratumwan, W, Previtali, E, Pun, C, Qi, F, Qi, M, Qian, S, Qian, X, Qiao, H, Qin, Z, Qiu, S, Rajput, M, Ranucci, G, Raper, N, Re, A, Rebber, H, Rebii, A, Ren, B, Ren, J, Reveco, C, Rezinko, T, Ricci, B, Robens, M, Roche, M, Rodphai, N, Rohwer, L, Romani, A, Rosero, R, Roskovec, B, Roth, C, Ruan, X, Rujirawat, S, Rybnikov, A, Sadovsky, A, Saggese, P, Salamanna, G, Sangka, A, Sanguansak, N, Sawangwit, U, Sawatzki, J, Sawy, F, Schever, M, Schuler, J, Schwab, C, Schweizer, K, Selivanov, D, Selyunin, A, Serafini, A, Settanta, G, Settimo, M, Shahzad, M, Shi, G, Shi, J, Shi, Y, Shutov, V, Sidorenkov, A, Simkovic, F, Sirignano, C, Siripak, J, Sisti, M, Slupecki, M, Smirnov, M, Smirnov, O, Sogo-Bezerra, T, Songwadhana, J, Soonthornthum, B, Sotnikov, A, Sramek, O, Sreethawong, W, Stahl, A, Stanco, L, Stankevich, K, Stefanik, D, Steiger, H, Steiner, H, Steinmann, J, Stender, M, Strati, V, Studenikin, A, Sun, G, Sun, L, Sun, J, Sun, S, Sun, X, Sun, Y, Suwonjandee, N, Szelezniak, M, Tang, J, Tang, Q, Tang, X, Tietzsch, A, Tkachev, I, Tmej, T, Treskov, K, Troni, G, Trzaska, W, Tse, W, Tull, C, Tuve, C, van Waasen, S, Boom, J, Vassilopoulos, N, Vedin, V, Verde, G, Vialkov, M, Viaud, B, Viren, B, Volpe, C, Vorobel, V, Votano, L, Walker, P, Wang, C, Wang, E, Wang, G, Wang, J, Wang, K, Wang, L, Wang, M, Wang, N, Wang, R, Wang, S, Wang, W, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Watcharangkool, A, Wei, H, Wei, L, Wei, W, Wei, Y, Wen, L, Whisnant, K, White, C, Wiebusch, C, Wong, S, Wong, H, Wonsak, B, Worcester, E, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, F, Wu, Q, Wu, W, Wu, Z, Wurm, M, Wurtz, J, Wysotzki, C, Xi, Y, Xia, D, Xie, Y, Xie, Z, Xing, Z, Xu, D, Xu, F, Xu, H, Xu, J, Xu, M, Xu, T, Xu, Y, Xue, T, Yan, B, Yan, X, Yan, Y, Yang, A, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, L, Yang, X, Yang, Y, Yao, H, Yasin, Z, Ye, J, Ye, M, Yegin, U, Yeh, M, Yermia, F, Yi, P, You, Z, Young, B, Yu, B, Yu, C, Yu, H, Yu, M, Yu, X, Yu, Z, Yuan, C, Yuan, Y, Yuan, Z, Yue, B, Zafar, N, Zambanini, A, Zeng, P, Zeng, S, Zeng, T, Zeng, Y, Zhan, L, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, G, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, P, Zhang, Q, Zhang, T, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, F, Zhao, J, Zhao, R, Zhao, S, Zhao, T, Zheng, D, Zheng, H, Zheng, M, Zheng, Y, Zhong, W, Zhou, J, Zhou, L, Zhou, N, Zhou, S, Zhou, X, Zhu, J, Zhu, K, Zhuang, H, Zong, L, Zou, J, Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F. P., An, G. P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de Andre, J. P. A. M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H. R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y. K., Cai, Z. Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C. Y., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, P. A., Chen, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cheng, Z. K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M. C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, C., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. C., Corti, D., Costa, S., Dal Corso, F., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F. S., Deng, J. W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z. Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J. M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S. X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D. H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L. C., Feng, Q. C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J. P., Gan, H. N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Gottel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M. H., Gu, W. Q., Gu, X. F., Gu, Y., Guan, M. Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, W. L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R. W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K. M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y. K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D. J., Hor, Y. K., Hou, S. J., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, H., Hu, J. R., Hu, J., Hu, S. Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, C. H., Huang, G. H., Huang, H. X., Huang, Q. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Hui, J. Q., Huo, L., Huo, W. J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. Z., Jia, H. H., Jia, J. J., Jian, S. Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X. S., Jin, R. Y., Jing, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S. H., Khan, A., Khan, W., Khosonthongkee, K., Kinz, P., Kohn, S., Korablev, D., Kouzakov, K., Kramer, M., Krasnoperov, A., Krokhaleva, S., Krumshteyn, Z., Kruth, A., Kutovskiy, N., Kuusiniemi, P., Lachacinski, B., Lachenmaier, T., Landini, C., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lefevre, F., Lei, L., Lei, R., Leitner, R., Leung, J., Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, H. T., Li, H. L., Li, J., Li, J. J., Li, J. Q., Li, K. J., Li, M. Z., Li, N., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S. C., Li, S. F., Li, S. J., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. M., Li, X. N., Li, X. L., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Li, Z. Y., Liang, H., Liang, J. J., Liebau, D., Limphirat, A., Limpijumnong, S., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. X., Lin, T., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Lippi, I., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H. B., Liu, H. D., Liu, H. J., Liu, H. T., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, M., Liu, Q., Liu, R. X., Liu, S. Y., Liu, S. B., Liu, S. L., Liu, X. W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. B., Lu, J. G., Lu, S. X., Lu, X. X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K. B., Luo, F. J., Luo, G., Luo, P. W., Luo, S., Luo, W. M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q. M., Ma, S., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y. J., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D. A. M., Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., Mcdonald, K. T., Mckeown, R. D., Muller, A., Meng, G., Mednieks, I., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhofer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D. V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F. P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H. R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y. T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A. G., Peng, H. P., Peng, J. C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P. A., Rico, L. F. P., Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X. H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, S. K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C. M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X. C., Ruan, X. D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J. Y., Shi, Y. 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Subjects
organic compounds: admixture, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Liquid scintillator, scintillation counter: liquid, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, model: optical, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, antineutrino: detector, 01 natural sciences, NO, High Energy Physics - Experiment, wavelength shifter, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), PE2_2, Daya Bay, Neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, fluorine: admixture, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, neutrino oscillation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory, Physics, JUNO, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Light yield, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Yield (chemistry), Scintillation counter, Composition (visual arts), photon: yield
Abstract

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and, 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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41. Electronic Decay Cascades in Chemical Environment

Author

Kirill Gokhberg, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, and Alexander I. Kuleff

Subjects
Physics, Interatomic Coulombic decay, Photon, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Electronvolt, Electron, Dissipation, Photon energy, Atomic physics, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Ion
Abstract

Core-excited and core-ionized states created by absorption of X-ray photons carry an enormous energy of hundreds to thousands electronvolts. In the gas phase this energy is dissipated primarily in the Auger decay process or Auger decay cascades, whereby one or several electrons are emitted into the continuum producing multiply charged ions. Two interatomic electronic decay processes, interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) and electron-transfer mediated decay (ETMD), ensure the efficient dissipation of energy beyond the Auger decay should X-ray absorption take place in a chemical medium characterized by weak van der Waals or hydrogen bonds. Numerous experiments and theoretical results have demonstrated that the Auger–interatomic decay cascades represent a common de-excitation mechanism of core vacancies in medium, whose length and complexity increase with increasing photon energy. Such cascades offer a means for very fast dissipation of the energy which is deposited by the photon into the system. They are also responsible for massive radiation damage to the molecules around the photoabsorption site. Surprisingly, ICD cascades remain a potent mechanism of energy dissipation also when the energy is invested in a cluster by a laser not as a single high energy photon but as multiple low energy ones. The recent research of the electronic decay in chemical media presented in this chapter strives to clarify the physical and chemical consequences of weakly subjecting bound clusters to the highly energetic light provided by modern light sources.

Published
2021
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42. Impact of cavity on interatomic Coulombic decay

Author

Cederbaum, Lorenz S. and Kuleff, Alexander I.

Subjects
Science, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Chemical physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, Nanocavities, Superposition principle, Interatomic Coulombic decay, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Polariton, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Excited state, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) is an efficient electronic decay process of systems embedded in environment. In ICD, the excess energy of an excited atom A is efficiently utilized to ionize a neighboring atom B. In quantum light, an ensemble of atoms A form polaritonic states which can undergo ICD with B. Here we investigate the impact of quantum light on ICD and show that this process is strongly altered compared to classical ICD. The ICD rate depends sensitively on the atomic distribution and orientation of the ensemble. It is stressed that in contrast to superposition states formed by a laser, forming polaritons by a cavity enables to control the emergence and suppression, as well as the efficiency of ICD., Interatomic Coulombic decay, ICD, is commonly observed in systems weakly bound to different environments. Here the authors discuss the ICD in an electromagnetic cavity and show that the entanglement of atoms can change ICD rates substantially and be used to control the ICD process.

Published
2021
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43. Fragmentation of Molecules by Virtual Photons from Remote Neighbors

Author

Lorenz S. Cederbaum

Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Ionic bonding, Virtual particle, Molecular physics, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Physics - Chemical Physics, Excited state, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Molecule, General Materials Science, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus), Computer Science::Databases
Abstract

It is shown that a molecule can dissociate by the energy transferred from a remote neighbor. This neighbor can be an excited neutral or ionic atom or molecule. If it is an atom, then the transferred energy is, of course, electronic, and in the case of molecules, it can also be vibrational. Explicit examples are given which demonstrate that the transfer can be highly efficient at distances where there is no bonding between the transmitter and the dissociating molecule.

Published
2020

44. Bound states and symmetry breaking of the ring C

Author

Yi-Fan, Yang and Lorenz S, Cederbaum

Abstract

Determining the geometry of carbon rings is an ongoing challenge. Based on our calculations at a state-of-the-art level, we found that the C

Published
2020

45. Striking Generic Impact of Light-Induced Non-Adiabaticity in Polyatomic Molecules

Author

Gábor J. Halász, Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Benjamin Lasorne, Ágnes Vibók, Csaba Fábri, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut [Heidelberg] (PCI), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], and Department of Theoretical Physics

Subjects
Vibrational spectrum, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, law.invention, Electronic states, Pump-probe scheme, law, Light-induced conical intersection, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, General Materials Science, Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Mixing (physics), Physics, 01.03. Fizikai tudományok, 010304 chemical physics, Polyatomic ion, Laser, Molecular science, 0104 chemical sciences, Intensityborrowing effect, Conic section, Light induced
Abstract

International audience; Nonadiabaticity, i.e., the effect of mixing electronic states by nuclear motion, is a central phenomenon in molecular science. The strongest nonadiabatic effects arise due to the presence of conical intersections of electronic energy surfaces. These intersections are abundant in polyatomic molecules. Laser light can induce in a controlled manner new conical intersections, called light-induced conical intersections, which lead to strong nonadiabatic effects similar to those of the natural conical intersections. These effects are, however, controllable and may even compete with those of the natural intersections. In this work we show that the standard low-energy vibrational spectrum of the electronic ground state can change dramatically by inducing nonadiabaticity via a light-induced conical intersection. This generic effect is demonstrated for an explicit example by full-dimensional high-level quantum calculations using a pump-probe scheme with a moderate-intensity pump laser and a weak probe laser.

Published
2020
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46. Ab initio complex potential energy curves of the He

Author

Arie, Landau, Anael, Ben-Asher, Kirill, Gokhberg, Lorenz S, Cederbaum, and Nimrod, Moiseyev

Abstract

LiHe is an intriguing open-shell dimer. It is an extremely weakly bound system, and its vibrational bound-state radius extends far into the classically forbidden regions. Exciting helium into 1s2p leads to a

Published
2020

47. Core-level interatomic Coulombic decay in van der Waals clusters

Author

C. Küstner-Wetekam, H. Otto, Xaver Holzapfel, Christina Zindel, Philipp Schmidt, Clemens Richter, Christian Ozga, Uwe Hergenhahn, Andreas Hans, Arno Ehresmann, Nikolai V. Kryzhevoi, André Knie, and Lorenz S. Cederbaum

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Auger, Interatomic Coulombic decay, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Cluster (physics), symbols, Core level, Physics::Atomic Physics, van der Waals force, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report on the experimental observation of the direct decay of a core vacancy in van der Waals clusters by emission of a fast electron from a neighboring atom. The process can be regarded as an interatomic Coulombic decay of core holes (core-level ICD). We identify it unambiguously by electron-electron and electron-electron-photon coincidence spectroscopy of the decay of 2p vacancies in Ar clusters. While several earlier works reported the absence of this channel, we find core-level ICD to be of considerable significance and quantify the branching ratio of this nonlocal electron emission to conventional local Auger decay as (0.8±0.2)%. Our results are supported by calculations on smaller clusters and show a reasonable agreement. This report on a successfully performed electron-electron-photon coincidence experiment provides a perspective for explorations of matter exposed to ionizing radiation. The observed core-level ICD is proposed to be of general importance for studies on charge redistribution after core-level photoionization where van der Waals clusters are often used as prototype systems.

Published
2020
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48. Quantum Effects Dominating the Interatomic Coulombic Decay of an Extreme System

Author

Lorenz S. Cederbaum, Anael Ben-Asher, Nimrod Moiseyev, and Arie Landau

Subjects
Physics, Interatomic Coulombic decay, chemistry.chemical_compound, 010304 chemical physics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, LiHe, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

LiHe is an extreme open-shell system. It is among the weakest bound systems known, and its mean interatomic distance extends dramatically into the classical forbidden region. Upon 1s → 2p excitation of He, interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) takes place in which the electronically excited helium atom relaxes and transfers its excess energy to ionize the neighboring lithium atom. A substantial part of the decay is found to be to the dissociation continuum producing Li

Published
2020
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49. Born-Oppenheimer approximation in optical cavities: from success to breakdown

Author

Fábri, Csaba, Halász, Gábor J., Cederbaum, Lorenz S., and Vibók, Ágnes

Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics - Chemical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract

The coupling of a molecule and a cavity induces non-adiabaticity in the molecule which makes the description of its dynamics complicated. For polyatomic molecules, reduced-dimensional models and the use of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) may remedy the situation. It is demonstrated that contrary to expectation, BOA may even fail in a one-dimensional model and generally expected to fail in two- or more-dimensional models due to the appearance of conical intersections induced by the cavity.

Published
2020
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50. Striking light-induced nonadiabatic fingerprint in the low-energy vibronic spectra of polyatomic molecules

Author

Fábri, Csaba, Lasorne, Benjamin, Halász, Gábor J., Cederbaum, Lorenz S., and Vibók, Ágnes

Subjects
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics - Chemical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Chemical Physics
Abstract

Nonadiabaticity, i.e., the effect of mixing electronic states by nuclear motion, is a central phenomenon in molecular science. The strongest nonadiabatic effects arise due to the presence of conical intersections of electronic energy surfaces. These intersections are abundant in polyatomic molecules. Laser light can induce in a controlled manner new conical intersections, called light-induced conical intersections, which lead to strong nonadiabatic effects similar to those of the natural conical intersections. These effects are, however, controllable and may even compete with those of the natural intersections. In this work we show that the standard low-energy vibrational spectrum of the electronic ground state can change dramatically by inducing nonadiabaticity via a light-induced conical intersection. This generic effect is demonstrated for an explicit example by full-dimensional high-level quantum calculations using a pump-probe scheme with a moderate-intensity pump laser and a weak probe laser.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

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