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The deformation mechanisms of an extruded Mg-5Y-0.08Ca (wt. %) alloy were analyzed by means of micropillar compression tests on single crystals along different orientations -- selected to activate specific deformation modes -- as well as slip trace analysis, transmission electron microscopy and transmission Kikuchi diffraction. The polycrystalline alloy presented a remarkable ductility in tension (~32%) and negligible differences in the yield strength between tension and compression. It was found that the presence of Y and Ca in solid solution led to a huge increase in the CRSS for basal slip (29 $\pm$ 5 MPa), pyramidal slip (203 $\pm$ 7 MPa) and tensile twin nucleation (above 148 MPa), while the CRSS for prismatic slip only increases up to 105 $\pm$ 4 MPa. The changes in the CRSS for slip and tensile twinning in Mg-Y-Ca alloys expectedly modify the dominant deformation mechanisms in polycrystals. In particular, tensile twinning is replaced by prismatic slip during compressive deformation along the a-axis. The reduction of twinning (which generally induces strong anisotropy in the plastic deformation in textured alloys), and the activation of prismatic slip (which provides an additional plastic deformation mechanism with limited hardening) were responsible for the large tensile ductility of the alloy.

The effect of Ca and Zn in solid solution on the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) of basal slip, tensile twinning and pyramidal slip in Mg alloys has been measured through compression tests on single crystal micropillars with different orientations. The solute atoms increased the CRSS for basal slip to ~ 13.5 MPa, while the CRSS for pyramidal slip was lower than 85 MPa, reducing significantly the plastic anisotropy in comparison with pure Mg. Moreover, the CRSSs for twin nucleation and growth were very similar (~ 37 MPa) and the large value of the CRSS for twin growth hindered the growth of twins during thermo-mechanical processing. Finally, evidence of prismatic slip and cross-slip between basal and prismatic dislocations was found. It is concluded that the reduction of plastic anisotropy, the activation of different slip systems and cross-slip and the weak basal texture promoted by the large CRSS for twin growth are responsible for the improved ductility and formability of Mg-Ca-Zn alloys.

Additional file 2. “Burnout questionnaire subscales and questions” and contain the second part of the survey, specific Burnout questionnaire.

Additional file 4. “Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the burnout scales.” and contain a table whit Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the burnout scales.

Additional file 3. “Sample description” and contain a table whit the sample description.

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of countries in the OECD and region assigned for the purpose of this paper.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and cardiovascular disease-related characteristics in patients with axial spondyloarthritis carrying or not the A allele of vaspin rs7159023.

Additional file 1. “Personal questions of the survey” and contain the first part of the survey.

Purpose The objective of this study is to analyse the relative survival with breast cancer in women diagnosed after new treatments were generalised and to ascertain the current efect that tumour characteristics such as grade, stage or subtype have on survival as well as the new AJCC-pathological prognostic score. Methods The breast cancer MCC-Spain follow-up study is a prospective cohort study of 1685 incident breast cancer cases. Women between 20 and 85 years old were recruited between the years 2008 and 2013 in 18 hospitals located in 10 Spanish provinces and they have been followed until 2017/2018. Relative survival was estimated after 3, 5 and 8 years of follow-up using Ederer II method. In addition, Weibull regression adjusted by age, hospital, grade and stage was used to investigate prognosis factors. Results Among components of TNM staging system, tumour size greater than 50 mm (i.e. T3 or T4) more than doubled the risk of dying, while N3 nodal involvement and presence of metastasis had a huge efect on mortality. The AJCC pathological prognostic score strongly correlated with survival; thus, hazard ratios increased as the score rose, being 2.31, 4.00, 4.94, 7.92, 2.26, 14.9 and 58.9 for scores IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC and IV, respectively. Conclusion Both TNM staging and histological/molecular biomarkers are associated with overall survival in Spanish women with breast cancer; when both are combined in the AJCC pathological prognosis score, the prognostic value improved with risk indices that increased rapidly as the pathological prognosis score increased, Biological samples were stored at the biobanks supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III- FEDER: Parc de Salut MAR Biobank (MARBiobanc) (RD09/0076/00036), ‘Biobanco La Fe’ (RD 09 0076/00021) and FISABIO Biobank (RD09 0076/00058), as well as at the Public Health Laboratory of Gipuzkoa, the Basque Biobank, the ICOBIOBANC (sponsored by the Catalan Institute of Oncology), the IUOPA Biobank of the University of Oviedo and the ISCIII Biobank. SNP genotyping services were provided by the Spanish ‘Centro Nacional de Genotipado’ (CEGEN-ISCIII). We thank all the subjects who participated in the study and all MCC-Spain collaborators. This work was supported by the ‘Acción Transversal del Cancer’, approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-founded by FEDER funds – ‘a way to build Europe’ (grants PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773, PI09/01286, PI09/01903, PI09/02078, PI09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219, PI14/00613 and PI15/00069). Support was also provided by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (grant API 10/09); the Junta de Castilla y León (grant LE22A10-2); the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (2009-S0143); the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (grant AP 061/10); the Recercaixa (grant 2010ACUP 00310); the Regional Government of the Basque Country; the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia; European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006–036224-HIWATE; the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientifc Foundation; the Catalan Government DURSI (grant 2014SGR647); the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias; the University of Oviedo; Societat Catalana de Digestologia; and COST action BM1206 Eucolongene.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Core questions for the main systematic literature review.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Association of ocular telangiectasias with personal history. Supplementary Table 2. Association of ocular involvement with bleeding in other locations. Supplementary Table 3. Association of ocular involvement with epistaxis characteristics. Supplementary Table 4. Association of ocular telangiectasias with lung involvement.

Additional file 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Age at first birth without stratifying by education level. Supplementary Figure 2. Age at first newborn by birth cohort obtained via regression spline. Supplementary Figure 3. Percentage of women with each education level, according to birth cohorts. Supplementary Table 1. Association between socioeconomic scores and quantitative variables. Marginal averages with 95% confidence intervals. Supplementary Table 2. Association between individual and contextual socioeconomic scores with dichotomic variables associated with reproduction. Marginal probabilities of the event occurrence with 95% confidence intervals.

© 2018 The Author(s). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and fine-mapping efforts to date have identified more than 100 prostate cancer (PrCa)-susceptibility loci. We meta-analyzed genotype data from a custom high-density array of 46,939 PrCa cases and 27,910 controls of European ancestry with previously genotyped data of 32,255 PrCa cases and 33,202 controls of European ancestry. Our analysis identified 62 novel loci associated (P < 5.0 × 10-8) with PrCa and one locus significantly associated with early-onset PrCa (≤55 years). Our findings include missense variants rs1800057 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; P = 8.2 × 10-9; G>C, p.Pro1054Arg) in ATM and rs2066827 (OR = 1.06; P = 2.3 × 10-9; T>G, p.Val109Gly) in CDKN1B. The combination of all loci captured 28.4% of the PrCa familial relative risk, and a polygenic risk score conferred an elevated PrCa risk for men in the ninetieth to ninety-ninth percentiles (relative risk = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.55-2.82) and first percentile (relative risk = 5.71; 95% CI: 5.04-6.48) risk stratum compared with the population average. These findings improve risk prediction, enhance fine-mapping, and provide insight into the underlying biology of PrCa 1 .

© 2018 The Author(s). Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling.

NSAID-group current use by age and sex [%, (95% CI)]. (PDF 43 kb)

Modern life involves mistimed sleeping and eating patterns that in experimental studies are associated with adverse health effects. We assessed whether timing of meals is associated with breast and prostate cancer risk taking into account lifestyle and chronotype, a characteristic correlating with preference for morning or evening activity. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Spain, 2008-2013. In this analysis we included 621 cases of prostate and 1,205 of breast cancer and 872 male and 1,321 female population controls who had never worked night shift. Subjects were interviewed on timing of meals, sleep and chronotype and completed a Food Frequency Questionaire. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research recommendations for cancer prevention was examined. Compared with subjects sleeping immediately after supper, those sleeping two or more hours after supper had a 20% reduction in cancer risk for breast and prostate cancer combined (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95%CI 0.67-0.96) and in each cancer individually (prostate cancer OR = 0.74, 0.55-0.99; breast cancer OR = 0.84, 0.67-1.06). A similar protection was observed in subjects having supper before 9 pm compared with supper after 10 pm. The effect of longer supper-sleep interval was more pronounced among subjects adhering to cancer prevention recommendations (OR both cancers = 0.65, 0.44-0.97) and in morning types (OR both cancers = 0.66, 0.49-0.90). Adherence to diurnal eating patterns and specifically a long interval between last meal and sleep are associated with a lower cancer risk, stressing the importance of evaluating timing in studies on diet and cancer. What's new? Evidence shows that long-term disruption of endogenous circadian rhythms may be associated with cancer. The effects of mistimed sleeping and eating patterns that come with modern life are however less clear. This large Spanish population-based study examined whether meal timing and sleep patterns are associated with the two most common nightshift-related cancers. Adherence to a more diurnal eating pattern, and specifically an early supper and a long interval between last meal and sleep were associated with a lower breast and prostate cancer risk, stressing the importance of evaluating circadian rhythms in diet and cancer studies and revisiting recommendations for prevention., Grant sponsor: Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER; Grant number: PI11/01889; Grant sponsor: Accion Transversal del Cancer, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007; Grant sponsor: Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER; Grant numbers: PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773-Cantabria, PI09/01286-Leon, PI09/01903-Valencia, PI09/02078-Huelva, PI09/01662-Granada, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI14/0613, PI15/00069, PI15/00914, PI15/01032; Grant sponsor: Regional Government of the Basque Country; Grant sponsor: Consejeria de Sanidad de la Region de Murcia; Grant sponsor: European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE; Grant sponsor: Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation; Grant sponsor: Catalan Government DURSI grant; Grant number: 2014SGR647; Grant sponsor: Fundacion Caja de Ahorros de Asturias and by the University of Oviedo

NSAID ever group use by province of recruitment [%, (95% CI)]. (PDF 21 kb)

Consumption of specific non-aspirin NSAIDs. Only active principles with reported anytime-consumption over 1% are included. Data indicate percentage and 95% confidence interval. (PDF 36 kb)

NSAID-group ever use by age and sex [%, (95% CI)]. (PDF 47 kb)

Table S1. List of selected SNPs, Table S2. Relationship among reproductive factors and breast cancer stratifying by rs2229712 genotype; odds ratios adjusted for propensity score, menopausal status and the remaining variables in the table, Table S3. Relationship among reproductive factors and breast cancer stratifying by rs1269851 genotype; odds ratios adjusted for propensity score, menopausal status and the remaining variables in the table, Table S4. Relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer stratified by rs2026001 genotype; odds ratios adjusted for propensity score, menopausal status and the remaining variables in the table, Table S5. Relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer stratified by rs35652107 genotype; odds ratios adjusted for propensity score, menopausal status and the remaining variables in the table, Table S6. Relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer stratified by rs6018027 genotype; odds ratios adjusted for propensity score, menopausal status and the remaining variables in the table, Table S7. Distribution of the genetic score, Table S8. List of pathways which the analyzed genes are involved in. (DOCX 43 kb)

Associations between polymorphisms and the Mediterranean Diet Pattern of Sofi considering different genetic models. Genetic models: codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, log-additive. (DOCX 16 kb)

Associations between polymorphisms and the Mediterranean Diet Pattern of Sofi considering different genetic models. Genetic models: codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, log-additive. (DOCX 16 kb)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Its etiology remains largely unknown compared to other common cancers. We have developed a risk stratification model combining environmental factors with family history and genetic susceptibility. 818 PCa cases and 1,006 healthy controls were compared. Subjects were interviewed on major lifestyle factors and family history. Fifty-six PCa susceptibility SNPs were genotyped. Risk models based on logistic regression were developed to combine environmental factors, family history and a genetic risk score. In the whole model, compared with subjects with low risk (reference category, decile 1), those carrying an intermediate risk (decile 5) had a 265% increase in PCa risk (OR = 3.65, 95% CI 2.26 to 5.91). The genetic risk score had an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.66 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.68). When adding the environmental score and family history to the genetic risk score, the AUROC increased by 0.05, reaching 0.71 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.74). Genetic susceptibility has a stronger risk value of the prediction that modifiable risk factors. While the added value of each SNP is small, the combination of 56 SNPs adds to the predictive ability of the risk model. Biological samples were stored at the biobanks supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III- FEDER: Parc de Salut MAR Biobank (MARBiobanc) (), ‘Biobanco La Fe’ () and FISABIO Biobank (), as well as at the Public Health Laboratory of Gipuzkoa, the Basque Biobank, the ICOBIOBANC (sponsored by the Catalan Institute of Oncology), the IUOPA Biobank of the University of Oviedo, and the ISCIII Biobank. SNP genotyping services were provided by the Spanish ‘Centro Nacional de Genotipado’ (CEGEN-ISCIII). We thank all the subjects who participated in the study and all MCC-Spain collaborators. This work was supported by the ‘Acción Transversal del Cancer’, approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-founded by FEDER funds –‘a way to build Europe’ (grants , , , , , , , , , , ,, , , , , , , , , and ). Support was also provided by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (grant ); the Junta de Castilla y León (grant ); the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (); the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (grant ); the Recercaixa (grant ); the Regional Government of the Basque Country; the Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia; European Commission grants ; the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation; the Catalan Government DURSI (grant ); the Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias; the University of Oviedo; Societat Catalana de Digestologia; and COST action Eucolongene. The authors thank the “Bioinformatics and Research Group in Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology” (BRG-GEE) of the Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit in III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Spain, for their technical scientific support (Group consisting of Pablo Fernández-Navarro (group leader), Mario González-Sánchez (bioinformatic), Javier González-Palacios (bioinformatic)). Sí

Analysis of SNPs related to CRC. The minimally adjusted odds ratio (OR) was computed adjusting by sex, age, educational level. Area, places where cases and controls were recruited, was used as random variable. Association is evaluated for carrying 1 or 2 SNP minor frequency alleles relative to a reference of zero SNP minor frequency allele. (DOCX 22 kb)

Analysis of SNPs related to CRC. The minimally adjusted odds ratio (OR) was computed adjusting by sex, age, educational level. Area, places where cases and controls were recruited, was used as random variable. Association is evaluated for carrying 1 or 2 SNP minor frequency alleles relative to a reference of zero SNP minor frequency allele. (DOCX 22 kb)

Relationship between NSAID consumption and breast cancer according to COX2/COX1 selectivity and tumor characteristics (DOC 39 kb)

Relationship between NSAID consumption and breast cancer according to COX2/COX1 selectivity and women’s characteristics (DOC 34 kb)

Relationship between NSAID consumption and breast cancer according to COX2/COX1 selectivity and women’s characteristics (DOC 34 kb)

Relationship between NSAID consumption and breast cancer according to COX2/COX1 selectivity and tumor characteristics (DOC 39 kb)

Night shift work has been classified as a probable human carcinogen based on experimental studies and limited human evidence on breast cancer. Evidence on other common cancers, such as prostate cancer, is scarce. Chronotype is an individual characteristic that may relate to night work adaptation. We evaluated night shift work with relation to prostate cancer, taking into account chronotype and disease severity in a population based case‐control study in Spain. We included 1,095 prostate cancer cases and 1,388 randomly selected population controls. We collected detailed information on shift schedules (permanent vs. rotating, time schedules, duration, frequency), using lifetime occupational history. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were assessed by face‐to‐face interviews and chronotype through a validated questionnaire. We used unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. Subjects who had worked at least for one year in night shift work had a slightly higher prostate cancer risk [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.14; 95%CI 0.94, 1.37] compared with never night workers; this risk increased with longer duration of exposure (≥28 years: OR 1.37; 95%CI 1.05, 1.81; p‐trend = 0.047). Risks were more pronounced for high risk tumors [D'Amico classification, Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) 1.40; 95%CI 1.05, 1.86], particularly among subjects with longer duration of exposure (≥28 years: RRR 1.63; 95%CI 1.08, 2.45; p‐trend = 0.027). Overall risk was higher among subjects with an evening chronotype, but also increased in morning chronotypes after long‐term night work. In this large population based study, we found an association between night shift work and prostate cancer particularly for tumors with worse prognosis., Grant sponsor:“Accion Transversal del Cancer,” Spanish Ministry Council; Grant sponsor: Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER; Grantnumbers: PI08/1770, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, AP_061/10, PI11/01889 and PI12/01270; Grantsponsor: predoctoral grant PFIS; Grant number:FI09/00385

English version of IAT. (DOC 39 kb)

Different genetic models of inheritance for CSK polymorphisms. (DOC 28 kb)

CSK and PTPN22 haplotype analysis. (DOC 33 kb)

Spanish version of IAT. (PDF 7 kb)

Genotype and allele frequencies of CSK and PTPN22 gene polymorphisms in HSP patients according to sex and the presence of joint manifestations (arthralgia or arthritis). (DOC 67 kb)

En la elaboración de este libro también participaron los siguientes estudiantes: Carlota Ramírez Pérez / Jose Gil García / Jose Manuel Aznar Cerdán / Teresa Pérez Huertas / Jorge Alarcón Fernández / Rodrigo Climent Pedrosa / Clara Beltrán Segarra / José Luis Mayordomo Lledó / Carlos Mingote Hernández / Miguel Castillo Ortega / Juan Martínez Leal / Daniel Martínez Rojano / Rocío Grondona Vives / Rubén Pons Solanes / Álvar Garay Pingarrón / Ioana Alexandra Neacsu / Carlos Lerma Poveda / Begoña Barreda Santacruz / Paolo Zuco Mónaco / Guillermo López Rodrigo / Roberto Gimeno Callejas / Sergio Muñoz / Sahida Calatayud / Miguel Vaquero / Fran López / Norica Ratiu / Borja Cañego / Marina Miralles García / Marian Poveda Cabrelles / Mar Pastor Amorós / Cristina Serrano Martínez / / Patricia Olivo Palazón / Elena Val Calero / Mª Amparo Tamarit / ,Raquel Cervera Martín / Raquel Coronado Casado / Priscila Gil Gregori / Zaira López Martín / Yves Díaz Bayo / Pau del Olmo Andreu / Víctor Gimeno Primo / Sergi Orea Reyes / Josep Segarra Pérez / Anush Avetisyan / Mauricio Ramírez Henao / Raisa Vicuña Velásquez / Katharine da Silva Oliveira / Onofre Rodrigo Perez / David Rubio Díaz / José Juan Cáceres Andrés / María del Mar Estellés Denia / Alejandra Ferre García / Rubén Marjalizo Minguet / Kristian Zlatkov Slaveykov / Elena Navío Seller / Ariel Nevzglyad Hueso / Triana Gabaldón Navarro / Alejandro Vaqué Alcázar / Catina Cano Verdia / Patricia Navarro Pla / Victoria Daruich / Elisabeth Ruiz Pérez / Eduardo Piñeiro González / Abilio Muñoz Pastor / Fátima Barrachina Rubio / Francisco Cárdenas Chiva / Carmen Mas Benlloch / Ana Isabel Moreno Pose / Juan Bautista Pastor Sirvent / Antonio Pocovi Carrillo / Mercedes Castelló Acevedo / Mónica Martínez López-Sáez / Alicia Navarro Ramos / Paula Vilaplana Vilanova / Maria Dolores Pérez Tonda / Alba Maria Castaño Navarro / Elisa Vidal Soler / Mª Ángeles Albella Chápuli / Juan José Carrasco Moreno / Irene Pons Fuentes / Ana Suances Carpintero / Cristina Marz / Josep Ballester / Lluís Lladró / Carolina Rodríguez / Inés de la Fuente / Vicent Esteve Trull / María Amparo Monasor Pérez / Alicia Renau Medina / Juan Soler Terrádez / Ana Tarrasó Marcarell; / Joan Vicent Torres Moreno / María Antonia García Juncos / Khan Hizbullah / Bernabé Lapuerta Morales / Melina Mata Bernabe / María Teresa Mateo Casali / Rubén Si Modjeca / Alejandra Amat Hernández / Víctor Manuel Carratalá Valera / Ana Egusquiza Rubiano / Mª Melissa Más Valero / Marta Sanchis Pardo / María Amparo Gómez Bosch / Severiano María Moiso / Jorge Andújar Escudero / Pedro López Amo / Omar Muñiz Albácar / Borja Marín El Libro que se presenta bajo el título Mapas Conceptuales y Aprendizaje Cooperativo. Experiencias en la Enseñanza del Derecho, constituye uno de los resultados del trabajo de un grupo de profesores, abogados, especialistas y estudiantes suscrito en el Proyecto de Innovación “ Los Mapas Conceptuales como metodología docente activa dentro del Nuevo Espacio de Educación Superior Europeo”, concedido en el curso 2013- 2014, Finestra Oberta.UV-SFPIE_FO13-144545, que dirige la autora de esta presentación, Dra María Elena Cobas Cobiella. Este libro cuenta aquella parte del trabajo del profesor que es el trabajo docente; anónimo y cotidiano, y que es el más importante que tiene un maestro. Este Libro cuenta con dos Partes. La primera, Parte General recoge las experiencias del profesorado y personal colaborador en la innovación en sede de mapas conceptuales, aprendizaje cooperativo y enseñanza del Derecho, y su aplicación a Grado en Derecho, Grado en Derecho y ADE, Criminología, entre otras disciplinas, los maestros nos cuentan sus impresiones y nos recrean con ejemplos de su forma de trabajar y ver la docencia. La Parte Especial recoge los más importantes trabajos de los estudiantes en relación a los mapas conceptuales, los ganadores en el Concurso de la III Jornada de Mapas Conceptuales efectuada en fecha 23 de mayo 2014, así como los trabajos de los participantes en ésta y los que intervinieron en sus clases respectivas bajo la dirección de un grupo de profesores destacados, que han dedicado largas horas de su tiempo a ello.

La mediación es una disciplina emergente que se está implantando gradualmente en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad. La mediación trabaja desde la gestión positiva del confl icto, acercándolo a las partes y haciéndolas responsables de sus propias decisiones. Para ello, se sirve de la ayuda de una fi gura neutral e imparcial que dirige el proceso para conseguir que las partes lleguen a un acuerdo satisfactorio y benefi cioso para ambas. Este procedimiento de solución de confl ictos está avalado a nivel estatal por la Ley 5/2012, de 6 de julio, de mediación en asuntos civiles y mercantiles. Sin embargo, por su estructura y fl exibilidad, la mediación es una herramienta que puede instaurarse en cualquier ámbito; incluido el de las drogodependencias. Con la ayuda de las directrices del Estado Sobre Drogas, las posibilidades de trabajo en esta área son inmensas pero aun están poco desarrolladas. Por eso, proponemos estrategias y líneas de actuación en el tratamiento integral de las drogodependencias desde la mediación familiar, la escolar, la comunitaria, la penal y la penitenciaria. Mediation is an emerging discipline which is gradually being implemented in every area of modern society. Mediation works through the positive management of confl ict, bringing it closer to the parties involved and making them responsible for their own decisions. To this end, mediation involves the neutral and impartial fi gure of the mediator who runs the process to ensure that the parties themselves fi nd the most satisfactory and benefi cial agreement for both of them. This confl ict-solving procedure is supported statewide by Law 5/2012, of July 6, on mediation in civil and commercial matters. Due to its structure and fl exibility, mediation is however a tool that can be useful in almost every area of life, including drug addiction. With the help of National Strategies on drugs, work possibilities within this area are immense but are, unfortunately, still poorly developed. This is the reason why we propose different strategies and action guidelines in the comprehensive treatment of drug addiction, from family mediation, school mediation, community mediation and punishment and prison mediation.

The deformation and fracture mechanisms of a nearly lamellar Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn (at. pct) + 0.8 vol pct TiB₂ intermetallic, processed into an actual low-pressure turbine blade, were examined by means of in situ tensile and tensile-creep experiments performed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Low elongation-to-failure and brittle fracture were observed at room temperature, while the larger elongations-to-failure at high temperature facilitated the observation of the onset and propagation of damage. It was found that the dominant damage mechanisms at high temperature depended on the applied stress level. Interlamellar cracking was observed only above 390 MPa, which suggests that there is a threshold below which this mechanism is inhibited. Failure during creep tests at 250 MPa was controlled by intercolony cracking. The in situ observations demonstrated that the colony boundaries are damage nucleation and propagation sites during tensile creep, and they seem to be the weakest link in the microstructure for the tertiary creep stage. Therefore, it is proposed that interlamellar areas are critical zones for fracture at higher stresses, whereas lower stress, high-temperature creep conditions lead to intercolony cracking and fracture. The authors are grateful to Industria de Turbo Propulsores, S.A. for supplying the intermetallic blades. Funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through projects MAT2009-14547-C02-01 and MAT2009-14547-C02-02 is acknowledged. The Madrid Regional Government supported this project partially through the ESTRUMAT grant P2009/MAT-1585. C.J.B. acknowledges the support from Grant SAB2009-0045 from the Spanish Ministry of Education for his sabbatical stage in Madrid. Publicado

La modernización de la justicia en los tiempos actuales, además de constituir una necesidad, es un reto. Reto que trasciende del marco jurídico invadiendo lo social, lo económico y lo jurídico y, permeando todos los actos que realizan los particulares en la búsqueda de la satisfacción de sus intereses.

W and W alloys are currently considered promising candidates for plasma facing components in future fusion reactors but most of the information on their mechanical properties at elevated temperature was obtained in the 1960s and 1970s. In this investigation, the strength and toughness of novel Y₂O₃-doped W-Ti alloys manufactured by powder metallurgy were measured from 25 ºC up to 1000 ºC in laboratory air and the corresponding deformation and failure micromechanisms were ascertained from analyses of the fracture surfaces. Although the materials were fairly brittle at ambient temperature, the strength and toughness increased with temperature and Ti content up to 600 ºC. Beyond this temperature, oxidation impaired the mechanical properties but the presence of Y₂O₃ enhanced the strength and toughness retention up to 800 ºC. This investigation was supported by the EURATOM/CIEMAT association through Contract WP08 09 MAT WWALLOY, by the Comunidad de Madrid (Programs ESTRUMAT CM S2009/MAT 1585 and S2009/ENE 1679) and by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CSD00C 06 14102, MAT2009 13979 C03 02, MAT2007 29278 E). Publicado

Comunicaciones presentadas en: XXVI Encuentro del Grupo Español de Fractura, Santander, 25 marzo 2009. En esta investigación se estudia la influencia de la microestructura en el comportamiento mecánico del wolframio puro y aleaciones con contenidos de 0.5% de Y₂O₃ y 4% de Ti, todos ellos obtenidos mediante HIP. Con el fin de correlacionar el comportamiento macroscópico con los parámetros microestructurales, se ha analizado mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido, la microestructura y las superficies de fractura muestras ensayadas en flexión en tres puntos a diferentes temperaturas (entre 25 y 1000 °C). La medida del tamaño de grano de las muestras se ha realizado, de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E112, mediante un programa de análisis de imagen. Los resultados muestran que la adición de titanio al wolframio mejora las propiedades del material al obtenerse éste exento de porosidad. La formación de una solución sólida, y la estructura de tamaño de grano más fina, aumentan la resistencia mecánica del material hasta temperaturas superiores a 600 °C. Por otra parte la adición de itria comportamiento mecánico del wolframio puro a altas temperaturas, evitando la oxidación, pero no modifica sustancialmente el tamaño de grano obtenido bajo las condiciones de fabricación, debido a la formación de fases eutécticas. In this research the influence of the microstructure in the mechanical behaviour of pure tungsten and its alloys with 0.5% of yttrium oxide and 4% titanium contents, all of them manufactured by HIP, is considered. The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the samples tested in three points bending at different temperatures (between 25 and 1000 ºC) are studied by optical microscopy and SEM, in order to relation the macroscopic behaviour with the microstructural analyzed parameters. The size grain has been measured according to ASTM E112 code, using a image analysis software. The results show that the addition of titanium to the pure tungsten lets manufacture a material without pores improving its mechanical properties. The solid solution, and refined grain structure obtained in these materials, raised the mechanical behaviour up to 600 ºC. The yttrium oxide addition improved the mechanical properties at high temperatures respect to pure tungsten, and avoids oxidation. Nevertheless, this does not modify substantially the grain size obtained in the manufacturing conditions due to the eutectic constituent formation. Proyecto financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación en virtud de los proyectos MAT2006‐13005‐C03‐02, MAT2007‐29278‐E, y CSD00C-06-14102, por la Comunidad de Madrid a través del programa ESTRUMAT-CM (S-0505/MAT/0077) y por la Asociación EURATOM/CIEMAT/EFDA a través del contrato TW6-TTMA-002-EFDA. Publicado

Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics can be applied to plain concrete provided the fracture process zone be small compared with the size of the structural element. In this situation the stress State at the tip of the crack can be characterized by means of the stress intensity factor. The first part of the paper considers modeling crack extension in concrete by the finite element method. The second part deals with an example problem, the cracked Fontana Dam. La Mecánica de la Fractura en régimen elástico y lineal es aplicable a grandes elementos de hormigón en masa porque la zona de fractura suele ser pequeña en comparación con las dimensiones del elemento estructural y es posible caracterizar, en estos casos, el estado tensional en el fondo de una fisura mediante el factor de intensidad de tensiones. El artículo consta de dos partes: En la primera se describen las técnicas de elementos finitos utilizadas para modelizar la propagación de una fisura y en la segunda parte se comenta la aplicación de las mismas a un caso real, el estudio de una fisura en una presa de gravedad.

Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction.

In metal matrix composites, a metal is combined with another, often nonmetallic, phase to produce a novel material having attractive engineering attributes of its own. A subject of much research in the 1980s and 1990s, this class of materials has, in the past decade, increased significantly in variety. Copper matrix composites, layered composites, high-conductivity composites, nanoscale composites, microcellular metals, and bio-derived composites have been added to a palette that, ten years ago, mostly comprised ceramic fiber or particle-reinforced light metals together with some well-established engineering materials, such as WC-Co cermets. At the same time, research on composites such as particle-reinforced aluminum, aided by novel techniques such as large-cell 3-D finite element simulation or computed X-ray microtomography, has served as a potent vehicle for the elucidation of the mechanics of high-contrast two-phase elastoplastic materials, with implications that range well beyond metal matrix composites.

Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling.

Cardiovascular disease (CV) is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is the result of an accelerated atherosclerotic process. Adequate CV risk stratification has special relevance in RA to identify patients at risk of CV disease. However, current CV risk screening and management strategies underestimate the actual CV risk in RA. Consequently, the search for additional tools that may help to identify those patients at high CV risk has become a key objective in the last years. In this regard, non-invasive surrogates, such as carotid ultrasonography, have been found to be excellent predictors of future CV events. In addition, several studies have revealed the relevance of a genetic component in the development of CV disease in RA patients. Besides an association with HLA-DRB1* shared epitope alleles other gene polymor-phisms located inside and outside the HLA seem to influence the risk of cardiovascular disease in RA. Moreover, serum levels of some metabolic syndrome-related biomarkers, adipokines such as adiponectin and biomarkers of endothelial cell activation and inflammation such as Osteoprotegerin and Asymmetric dimethylarginine have recently been found useful for the prediction of CV disease in these patients. An update of the current knowledge on these potential markers, especially focused on new genetic and serological biomarkers is shown in this review. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V., This work was supported by European Union FEDER funds and "Fondo de Investigation Sanitaria" (grants PI06/0024, PS09/00748, PI12/00060 and PI15/00525) from 'Institut de Salud Carlos III' (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). It was also partially supported by RETICS Programs RD12/0009 (RIER) from 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III' (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain), and in part by grants from the European IMI BTCure Program. We wish to specially thank Mercedes Garcia-Bermudez, Begona Ubilla, Veronica Mijares, Patricia Fuentevilla Rodriguez, Virginia Portilla Gonzalez and all the clinicians from Spanish National Health Care system that have been involved in our studies.

Introduction The evidence on the relationship between breast cancer and different types of antihypertensive drugs taken for at least 5 years is limited and inconsistent. Furthermore, the debate has recently been fueled again with new data reporting an increased risk of breast cancer among women with a long history of use of antihypertensive drugs compared with nonusers. Methods In this case-control study, we report the antihypertensive drugs–breast cancer relationship in 1,736 breast cancer cases and 1,895 healthy controls; results are reported stratifying by the women’s characteristics (i.e., menopausal status or body mass index category) tumor characteristics and length of use of antihypertensive drugs. Results The relationship among breast cancer and use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) for 5 or more years had odds ratio (OR) = 1.77 (95% CI, 0.99 to 3.17). Stratifying by BMI, the OR increased significantly in the group with BMI ≥ 25 (OR 2.54, 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.22). CCBs were even more strongly associated with more aggressive tumors, (OR for invasive tumors = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.53; OR for non ductal cancers = 3.97, 95% CI = 1.73 to 9.05; OR for Erbb2+ cancer = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.20 to 7.32). On the other hand, premenopausal women were the only group in which angiotensin II receptor blockers may be associated with breast cancer (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 1.32 to 13.84) but this could not be identified with any type or stage. Use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers and diuretics were not associated with risk. Conclusions In this large population-based study we found that long term use of calcium channel blockers is associated with some subtypes of breast cancer (and with breast cancer in overweight women)., The study was partially funded by the "Accion Transversal del Cancer" project, approved by the Spanish Council of Ministers on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773-Cantabria, PI09/01286-Leon, PI09/01903-Valencia, PI09/02078-Huelva, PI09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219), by the Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL (The ICGC CLL-Genome Project is funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Red Tematica de Investigacion del Cancer (RTICC) del ISCIII (RD12/0036/0036)), by the Junta de Castilla y Leon (LE22A10-2), by the Consejeria de Salud of the Junta de Andalucia (2009-S0143), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation and by the Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489.