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Membrane fouling is still the main obstacle for the wider application of membrane processes. In this study, different amounts of silver modified graphitic carbon nitride (Ag/g-C3N4) were firstly introduced into polyethersulfone (PES) membranes by blending via a phase-inversion method. The impacts of Ag/g-C3N4 addition on the membrane morphology, filtration and photocatalysis antifouling properties of Ag/g-C3N4/PES nanocomposite membranes were systematically studied. The results illustrated that the addition of Ag/g-C3N4 could make the finger-like voids in Ag/g-C3N4 nanocomposite membrane longer and wider, increasing the hydrophilicity and filtration property of the nanocomposite membrane. Also the addition of Ag/g-C3N4 nanosheets could endow the nanocomposite membranes with excellent antibacterial, photocatalytic dye degradation and antifouling properties under visible light irradiation.

A relation between relative dielectric constant and fractional free volume (FFV) of nonpolar condensed matter was previously developed by the authors using the Clausius-Mosotti equation together with free volume theory. A comparison of this relation with a large body of experimental data collected from the literature is given. It is concluded that this relation coincides quite satisfactorily with the characteristics of n-alkanes (from C/sub l/ to C/sub l2/) over a wide range of temperatures. >