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Polysaccharides make up the largest non-water component of plant-based foods. Their ability to manipulate the gut microbiome and modulate the immune system has increased interest in the rapid elucidation of their structures. A necessary component for the structural characterization of polysaccharides is the determination of their monosaccharide composition. Current methods of monosaccharide analysis are not suitable for analyzing large sample-sets and are limited by their inability to analyze polysaccharides. We have developed a 96-well plate hydrolysis and derivatization procedure followed by a rapid and sensitive 10-min ultra-high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis capable of the absolute quantitation of 14 plant monosaccharides. Four polysaccharide standards, inulin, xyloglucan, arabinogalactan, and rhamnogalacturonan-I, which are commonly found in plants, were used to optimize and validate the method. The optimized conditions were applied to eight foods to show the method’s reproducibility and ability to analyze complicated and insoluble polysaccharide mixtures. This approach will allow researchers to obtain accurate and absolute quantitation of monosaccharides in the large sample-sets that are required for agricultural, food, clinical, and nutrition-based studies.

Cadmium (Cd) is toxic throughout the food chain. Selenium (Se) can mitigate Cd accumulation in rice plants, although it is unclear why it has such effect. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of Se application on Cd-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant activities, and the combined effects of Se application and water management on the formation of iron plaque on the rice surface and Fe, Cd, and Se accumulation in rice plants. Rice seedlings were grown in Cd-contaminated soil with or without the addition of Se, and in aerobic or flooded conditions. Exogenous Se reduced Cd-induced oxidative stress. In the flooded treatment, exogenous selenite significantly decreased Cd concentrations in rice tissues, whereas it noticeably enhanced Cd concentrations in rice tissues in the aerobic treatment. Furthermore, selenite addition and flooding promote the formation of iron plaque and increase Fe concentrations in rice tissues. Pearson correlation analysis shows that plant Cd was significantly negatively correlated with Fe concentrations in rice tissues, and plant Fe was significantly positively correlated with Se concentrations in rice tissues, but no significant correlation was found between Cd and Se concentrations Thus, exogenous selenite may indirectly affect Cd uptake by influencing the formation of iron plaque on rice root surface, Fe uptake and Fe levels in rice.

In this study, two types of soil columns were constructed to investigate the effect of the Enhanced permeability layers (EPL) on permeability and efficiency. A series of pre-tests of experimental conditons also were performaned to obtain the optimal Pb removal conditions, preventing the influence of the conditions on permeability. The results showed that disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) had optimal removal ability, followed by Oxalic acid (OA), citric acid, Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and acetic acid (HAc). After the 45 days of column leaching (experimental conditions: 0.20 mol/L of EDTA, pH = 4 ± 0.02, at environmental temperature), the respective removal ratios of column 2#, 15(cm) and 35(cm) were 80.60% and 88.40%, while those of column 1#, 15(cm) and 35(cm) were 69.46% and 74.67%. BET analyzed that the surface area of column 1# soil was 7.07 m2/g, smaller than the 12.87 m2/g in column 2#, verifying a change in soil pores and specific surface area. SEM and EDS analysis of soil particles showed that the leaching altered the sub-micron structures of soil, and the particle size distribution showed that the particles became smaller after leaching. The permeability coefficient (K) fit analysis result showed that the K of column 2# soil was about 9.78 × 10−3 mm/min, twice that in column 1#, which was 4.27 × 10−3 mm/min. These results demonstrated that the EPL increases permeability of soil heap stackand the leaching mass transfer.

From the current situation of the property insurance market of Hubei Province, the comparison analysis of the property insurance development statement of six provinces in central part of China is studied in this paper. The influential factors of the demand of property insurance in Hubei province are theoretical analyzed. At the same time, the influential orientation is predicted. Then it takes unit root test and cointegration test based on panel data to establish fixed effect model and quantile regression model for the empirical analysis. The obtained results point out that the increase of GDP, per capita disposable income and insurance claim can promote the development of demand of property insurance of Hubei Province, the population growth is significant negative correlation with the demand of property insurance. Finally, some strategic suggestions to the demand of property insurance of Hubei Province are proposed based on the empirical analysis results.

Most of current methods are available for synthesizing the static infrared scene, but fail to simulate the infrared signature of the objects caused by motion. This paper presents a new method for generating realistic infrared image of moving objects. Considering various environmental factors, object geometry and structure, internal heat conditions and state of movement, an infrared image synthesis model for moving objects is established. Based on this model the rendering method for infrared image of this kind of objects is proposed. By incorporating the effect of atmosphere transmission and the noise mechanism of infrared sensor, the infrared images of the working aircraft and automobile are successfully generated from different viewpoint. Experimental results illustrate the potential of our method.