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Additional file 2 Table S2. Characterization of the Xp22.31 duplication for each male fetus

Fabric it is not an impermeable substrate because of fiber porosity. To study the solvent diffusion mechanism of coated fabric in the curing process, the drying model of PMMA/acetone coated glass fiber fabric was established. This drying model was verified by confocal Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the impact of fabric structure, thickness and porosity on the solvent diffusion process in coated fabrics was studied by the model. It was shown that the predicted solvent concentrations by the model were consistent with the experimental values. This model can be used to quantitatively calculate the solvent concentration at any position and at any time inside the coating film during the drying process. Moreover, it can also predict the curing time and residual solvent concentration of the coating fabric required to reach drying equilibrium. Compared with coated 3/1 twill, 5/3 satin and 2/1 twill, the solvent diffusion of coated plain fabric was faster during curing. Under the same environmental conditions, the thinner the fabric was and the greater the porosity was, the shorter the curing time was. The fitting equations for fabric thickness, fabric porosity and drying time were obtained, which can provide a theoretical guidance for the preparation, performance research and drying conditions optimization of PMMA coated textile materials.

Background Former single center studies indicated that HER2 assessment with two primary tumor blocks (dual block HER2 assessment) could be an efficient and practical approach to overcome the adverse impact of heterogeneity and acquire a HER2 positive rate in gastric cancer (GC). This multicenter prospective clinical trial (NCT 02843412) was launched to verify its value and generality. Methods A total of 3806 participants with primary GCs have been enrolled from 8 hospitals in China. Two primary tumor blocks were selected and recorded as block 1 and block 2 after histological evaluation. An HER2 (4B5) rabbit monoclonal antibody was used for the immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Results In total patients, HER2 IHC positive (3+) rate with dual block assessment (9.4%) was higher than that with single block assessment (block 1: 7.8%, block 2: 7.8%) (P P P Conclusions Dual block HER2 assessment effectively increased HER2 IHC positive rate in resected specimens of GC. We recommended dual block HER2 assessment be promoted in routine clinical practice in GC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 02843412. Registered 1 July 2016 - Retrospectively registered.

To explore the pregnancy outcomes of women who couldn't obtain effective results from noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and examine the factors leading to test failure. From April 2017 to December 2019, 120,041 pregnant women enrolled for voluntary NIPT. The case group comprised of 274 (274/120,041) women who failed to obtain effective NIPT results, and the control group (n = 540) was from the same population who obtained effective NIPT results and matched by age at a 1:2 ratio. Abnormal pregnancy rates between the two groups were analyzed using Chi-square analysis. NIPT failure risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased maternal age (OR = 0.988; 95% CI = 0.982–0.994), increased pregnancy age (OR = 0.989; 95%CI = 0.988–0.991), and decreased cell-free fetal DNA concentration (OR = 1.050; 95%CI = 1.043–1.058) were independent risk factors for NIPT failure. Fifteen cases showed fetus loss in cases of NIPT failure. There was a significant difference in abnormal pregnancy rate between the NIPT success and failure groups (χ2 = 50.943, P The specific interventions, guidance, and precautions are needed for pregnant women who have no effective NIPT results.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 2. Comparisons of single block and dual block assessment in each hospital.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Patient characteristics of each hospital.

Fluorescent nanoparticles used to detect important biological events in living cells or animals are in increasing demand in the biological and biomedical fields, and have attracted much attention from chemists and biologists in the past decade. Here, one aggregation-induced emission (AIE) bioconjugate, tetraphenylethene labelled chitosan (TPE-CS), is synthesized, which could be strongly emissive in the solid state. TPE-CS is used as a coating agent for negatively charged hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles, and TPE-CS/HA nanocomposites with positive charges are well dispersed in their aqueous solution with a diameter of 111.9 nm. MTT assay indicates that the fluorescent TPE-CS/HA nanoparticles have good cytocompatibility. 293T cells are imaged by TPE-CS/HA nanoparticles. First, the nanoparticles are adhered to the cell membrane, and then many more particles are endocytosed through phagocytotic vesicles by culturing for a long time, resulting in a much stronger fluorescence emission. TPE-CS/HA bioprobes could strongly bind the cell cytoplasmic region, and might have promising applications in tumor diagnosis, long-term cell tracing, drug metabolism and drug delivery systems.

Strongly fluorescent and water soluble bioprobes are in great demand for studying important biological events and processes. The quenching effect of conventional organic dyes caused by aggregation, and the high toxicity of inorganic quantum dots are thorny issues that have constantly obsessed scientists in this area of research. In this work, a large number of tetraphenylethene (TPE) units were successfully attached to N-succinyl-chitosan (NSCS) macromolecular chains to fabricate a novel TPE-NSCS fluorescent bioconjugate, which was strongly emissive in the solid state due to its aggregation-induced emission effect. TPE-NSCS could be solubilized in water over a wide range of pH values. We were pleasantly surprised to see that stained cells still showed a bright fluorescence emission for as many as 30 passages. The water solubility over a wide pH range, ultra long-term retention in cells, and strong fluorescence signals indicate that TPE-NSCS is a promising candidate for various biomedical applications.

Detection of Cu(II) is very important in disease diagnose, biological system detection and environmental monitoring. Previously, we found that the product TPE-CS prepared by attaching the chromophores of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) to the chitosan (CS) chains showed excellent fluorescent properties. In this study, we tried to use TPE-CS for detecting Cu(II) because of the stable complexation of CS with heavy metals and the luminosity mechanism of the Restriction of Intramolecular Rotations (RIR) for aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active materials. The fluorescence intensity changed when TPE-CS was contacted with different metal ions, to be specific, no change for Na+, slightly increase for Hg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ due to the RIR caused by the complexation between CS and metal ions. However, for Cu2+, an obvious fluorescence decrease was observed because of the Photoinduced-Electron-Transfer (PET). Moreover, we found that the quenched FL intensity of TPE-CS was proportional to the concentration of Cu(II) in the range of 5 μmol/L to 100 μmol/L, which provided a new way to quantitatively detect Cu(II). Besides, TPE-CS has excellent water-solubility as well as absorbability (the percentage of removal, R = 84%), which is an excellent detection probe and remover for Cu(II).

In this study, catechol-conjugated chitosan (CSS) was synthesized to prepare silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The entire reaction process complied with the principles of green chemistry. The stability and physicochemical properties of CSS-coated silver nanoparticles (CSS–Ag NPs) were well characterized by a series of techniques. A narrow diameter distribution and excellent stability were observed in the target CSS–Ag NPs. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the disk diffusion test were applied to evaluate the antibacterial activities with respect to quantity and quality, respectively. The cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells were also evaluated with a series of assays. The resulting CSS–Ag NPs combined the unique properties of chitosan and silver nanoparticles, showing effective antibacterial activities and low cytotoxicity. The effective toxic concentration of CSS–Ag NPs towards E. coli and S. aureus is too low to damage HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that CSS–Ag NPs could be a potential candidate for use in biological and pharmaceutical areas to prevent infections caused by microorganisms.

Fluorescent bioprobs are in urgent demand to monitor important biological events in biomedicine. However, the aggregation-caused quenching character, high toxicity, water-insolubility and easy leakage property of conventional small molecular dyes hinder the development in this area. In this work, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) bioconjugate was synthesised by labeling tetraphenylethylene (TPE) to quaternized chitosan (QCS). The TPE-QCS bioconjugate emits strong fluorescence even in solid state, and is cationic and water-soluble over a wide range of pH values. The TPE-QCS aqueous solution stained HeLa cells by dose- and time-depent manner and imaged living cells with bright fluorescence. Futhermore, the cationic bioconjugate was readily internalized by cells through endocytosis, and further aggragated to large sizes and adhered to negatively charged organelle membranes inside cells achieving fluorescent cell imaging with fluorescence enhancement and leakage-free staining. The AIE-active TPE-QCS with cationic nature, good water-solubility over a wide pH range and unique cell imaging properties could trace HeLa cells for as long as 23 passages, that was obviously superior to existing commercial cellular tracer, so has promising application prospects as ultra long-term tracer in biomedical field.

Uranium is one of the most hazardous heavy metal due to its long half-life radioactivity, high toxicity and mobility as aqueous uranyl ion (UO22+) under ordinary environmental conditions. Herein, amino functionalized SBA-15 (APSS) was developed as a rapid and efficient sorbent for removal of U(VI) from the environment. The APSS sample was synthesized by grafting method and was characterized by SEM, NMR, SAXS, and N-2 sorption/desorption isothermal experiments. The sorption of U(VI) by APSS was investigated under different conditions of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration, ionic strength and solid-liquid ratio. The results show that the sorption of U(VI) by APSS is strongly dependent on pH but independent of ionic strength and solid-liquid ratios (m/V). The sorption is ultrafast with an equilibrium time of less than 30 min, and the sorption capacity is as large as 409 mg/g at pH 5.3 +/- 0.1. Besides, the U(VI) sorption by APSS from extremely diluted solution and the desorption of U(VI) from APSS were also studied. It is found that 100 mg of APSS can almost completely remove the U(VI) ions from 4 L aqueous solution with the U(VI) concentration as low as 4.2 ppb and the sorbed U(VI) can be completely desorbed by 0.1 mol/L nitric acid. The results strongly reveal the high performance of the APSS material in the removal and preconcentration of U(VI) from the aqueous solution.

More than 400 types of syndromic hearing loss (SHL) have been reported so far, in which Waardenburg syndrome (WS), congenital microtia syndrome (CMS), and large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) are the most common ones in clinic. However, it is difficult to study the genetic basis and pathogenesis of SHL in a systematical way because of the strong clinical and genetic heterogeneity of SHL. Dysfunction of neural crest cells (NCC), which are caused by the gene interaction network extended from SOX10 and PAX3, are relevant to the phenotype of WS, CMS and LVAS. Our previous study also confirmed that the gene network was involved in the pathogenesis of WS. In this review, we summarize research progress in the pathogenic mechanisms of SHL resulted from defects in neural crest decelopment, and provide the gene interaction network of neural crest abnormalities resulting in SHL, and hope to provide research ideas and theoretical basis for the systematical study on pathogenesis of common SHL.

ISO9000 quality management system (ISO9000QMS) emphasize on the customer-oriented, managers' leadership and all staff's joining, adopt the process method and system management, spread the taking facts as a basis to make decision and improve consistently, and establish win-win relation with the suppliers. So, the digital hospital can adopt the ISO9000QMS. In order to establish the ISO9000QMS, the digital hospital should: (1) Design integrally, including analyzing the operation procedure, clarifying the job duties, setting up the spreading team and setting the quality policy and objectives: (2) Learning the ISO9000 quality standards; (3) Drawing up the documents, including the quality manual, program files and operation guiding files; (4) Training according the documents; (5) Executing the quality standard, including the service quality auditing, quality record auditing and quality system auditing; (6) Improving continually. With the establishment of ISO900QMS, the digital hospital can appraise more accurately, analyze quality matters statistically and avoid the interference of artificial factors.

Floods happen frequently every year in China. How to control and mitigate the flood efficiently is the most urgent problem for the Chinese government. One of the most significant ways is to improve the capabilities of flood early warning, flood controlling and mitigation, rescuing, and reconstruction planning for disaster areas. However, there is still no operational system for these demands. For this reason, the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, CAS and State Information Center of China have cooperatively developed a Network-based Flood Quick Reporting System Using Remote Sensing (NFQRS/URS) since 1996. The system distributes flood information to government, organizations and the public by network on time. It plays a great ro/spl circ/le in controlling and mitigating floods occurring since 1996, especially in the middle and lower Yangtze River, Nen River and Songhua River in 1998. This paper introduces the system in detail.

Traditional traffic emission inventory models aim to provide overall emissions at regional level which cannot meet planners' demand for detailed and accurate traffic emissions information at the road segment level. Therefore, a road segment-based emission model for estimating light duty vehicle emissions is proposed, where floating car technology is used to collect information of traffic condition of roads. The employed analysis framework consists of three major modules: the Average Speed and the Average Acceleration Module (ASAAM), the Traffic Flow Estimation Module (TFEM) and the Traffic Emission Module (TEM). The ASAAM is used to obtain the average speed and the average acceleration of the fleet on each road segment using FCD. The TFEM is designed to estimate the traffic flow of each road segment in a given period, based on the speed-flow relationship and traffic flow spatial distribution. Finally, the TEM estimates emissions from each road segment, based on the results of previous two modules. Hourly on-road light-duty vehicle emissions for each road segment in Shenzhen's traffic network are obtained using this analysis framework. The temporal-spatial distribution patterns of the pollutant emissions of road segments are also summarized. The results show high emission road segments cluster in several important regions in Shenzhen. Also, road segments emit more emissions during rush hours than other periods. The presented case study demonstrates that the proposed approach is feasible and easy-to-use to help planners make informed decisions by providing detailed road segment-based emission information.

Due to the rapid development of the nuclear power industry, and consequently, the nuclear accident in Fukushima, much attention has been paid to novel materials for the efficient and rapid separation, removal and recovery of nuclear fuel associated radionuclides from aqueous solutions. Herein, a novel mesoporous material, dihydroimidazole functionalized SBA-15 (DIMS), was synthesized via a post-grafting method and used as an efficient sorbent for the extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solution. The synthesized material was found to possess highly ordered mesoporous structures with a large surface area and a uniform pore diameter. The sorption tests under various conditions demonstrated that the sorption of U(VI) by DIMS was fast, with an equilibrium time of less than 10 min. Additionally, the maximum sorption capacity reached 268 mg g−1 at pH 5.0 ± 0.1. Changes in the solid-to-liquid ratio (msorbent/Vsolution) did not have any remarkable effect on the U(VI) sorption. Besides, the sorbed U(VI) can be easily desorbed by 0.01 mol L−1 or more concentrated HNO3 solution, resulting in a U(VI) solution with a concentration factor of 300 at a solid–liquid ratio as low as 0.013 g L−1. The reclaimed sorbent can be reused with no obvious decrease in the sorption capacity. The selectivity of the DIMS sorbent for U(VI) ions was found to be fairly desirable by the sorption tests with the solutions containing a range of competing metal ions.