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The epithelial cells of bronchi (BECs) act as a protective wall against potential pathogens and foreign particles that controls many aspects of respiratory immune response. The BECs act as not only a physical protecting wall of the airways but also as a significant part of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many kind of epithelium-associated communicating pathways which are triggered by genetic and environmental causating agents get involved in development of respiratory tract abnormalities. Epigenetic dysregulation is one potential mechanism which may mediate between adverse in early life exposures such as severe infections and immunological function deficits in later life. Epigenetic factors which regulate the respiratory tract lining structure and role are also an attractive area to assess the susceptibility of respiratory tract diseases. Several studies show that the key genes in epithelium-related signaling pathways have epigenetic modifications. The interactions mediating the relationship between severe bronchiolitis caused by RSV and their adverse consequences in childhood are broadly understood as immunological in nature, however, are yet to be fully uncovered. Thus, our study explained the immune action of epithelium and RSV-triggered immune imbalance of epithelium through epigenetic modifications in the mechanism of airway hyperresponsiveness.

Table S1. Characteristics of prior meta-analyses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) use in pregnancy and congenital malformations. (DOC 816Â kb)

Appendix 1. Search strategy. (DOCX 26Â kb)

Table S1. EUBOCAT Guide 1.3, ICD-10, and ICD-9 codes used to identify and define congenital malformations. Table S2. Characteristics of cohort studies of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) use in first-trimester and congenital malformations. Table S3. Risk of bias of included reports from cohort studies as assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Table S4. Exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S5. Exposure to citalopram during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S6. Exposure to fluoxetine during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S7. Exposure to paroxetine during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S8. Exposure to sertraline during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S9. Exposure to escitalopram during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S10. Exposure to fluvoxamine during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S11. Subgroup analysis of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S12. Subgroup analysis of citalopram and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S13. Subgroup analysis of fluoxetine and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S14. Subgroup analysis of paroxetine and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. Table S15. Subgroup analysis of sertraline and risk of congenital malformations in infants: results of meta-analyses. (DOC 1162Â kb)

Based on the accurate definition of light intensity of nonparaxial scalar beams at the transverse plane,a comparative study of the beam widths,far-field divergence angles and M2 factors defined by the power in the bucket and second-order moment is made.Taking the nonparaxial diffraction of a small circular aperture as an example,the detailed numerical calculation is performed.The results show that the beam width,far-field divergence angle and M2 factor defined by the power in the bucket are less than that defined by the second-order moment.Both M2 factors tend to zero as beam waist vanishes,the propagation of beam width defined by the power in the bucket is different from the hyperbolic law.

Characteristics of hand vein can be used in identity recognition. The key to carry out this subject is how to effectively extract the skeleton of the hand vein texture. In this paper, we first process the image of the hand vein by limiting its histogram for contrast enhancement, and use the method of wavelet transformation to denoise the image which has been processed. In the basic texture segmentation of the hand vein we present a separate Niblack adaptive threshold method of image and get a good texture segmentation.

As feature sizes shrink and clock frequencies increase, Signal integrity and power consumption face critical challenges in design and implementation of NOCs (network-on-chip). A kind of dynamic self-shielding bus encoding scheme is proposed in this article. This scheme aims to provide a high degree of signal integrity through dynamic self-shielding technique and to reduce bus power consumption in NOCs. Qualitative comparisons between our scheme and other state-of-the-art approaches showed that this encoding scheme enhances signal integrity and decreases bus power consumption.

An improved algorithm of Contour Initialization in GVF Snake Model is proposed in this paper based on detailed analysis of the problems in current active contour models: poor performance under interference, large computational cost, inability to converge to complex or rough contours and difficulty for setting initial contour, etc. Our method efficiently solved the problems in complex or rough contours initialization by connecting the initial points of different resolutions obtained by multi-scale edge detection methods based on wavelet transform and suitably controlling the number of GVF force field iterations. Experiments show that the initial contour can be accurately set close to the objective contour and successfully extract the objective contours with interferential edges and points. The new contour initialization algorithm has further reduced computational cost, improved the anti-jamming ability and extended the application range of GVF Snake model.

Based on the accurate expression of light intensity of nonparaxial vector beams at the transverse plane and the vectorial second order moment theory of light beam propagation，by applying rigorous vectorial diffraction theory of the angular spectrum representation，the nonparaxial propagation of any vectorial diffraction beam has been systemically investigated，the integral expressions of beam width，transversal divergence angle have been presented，and the divergent characteristic of the second order moment of nonparaxial vector beams has been demonstrated. The definitions of beam width，transversal divergence angle of non-paraxial vector beams and some related problems have been discussed.