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Huangtai algal blooms are key indicators of eutrophication and lake-ecosystem damage. Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of their growth is critical for preserving the ecological environment. The dimidiate pixel model is commonly used to estimate vegetation coverage; however, indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index have not been specifically constructed for the Huangtai algae spectrum and thus are not specific or sufficiently precise for use as indicators. Therefore, we propose a new dimidiate pixel model based on a novel additive vegetation index to calculate the Huangtai algal coverage for each pixel using Landsat multispectral satellite images with 30-m resolution. The results showed that the additive vegetation index with R

Zhejiang Rosy Vinegar (ZRV) is a traditional condiment in Southeast China. This study aimed to track the physicochemical, microbiological, sensory changes, and metabolomic profiles of ZRV during fermentation and aging. The increase of acidity and decrease of reducing sugar were associated with the dominant growth of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter. The total 35 volatile compounds were identified in ZRV, mainly containing alcohols, esters, acids, aldehydes, ketones acids, phenols and nitrogen-containing. Compared to phenethyl acetate with sweet aroma in fresh vinegar, the compound with high odor activity values was isoamyl acetate with fruity aromas in aged vinegar. Furthermore, 1309 types of non-volatile components were identified, and histidine metabolism and arginine biosynthesis were revealed as main pathways during fermenting and aging. Concurrently, various bioactive substances in ZRV were identified. This study enriched the knowledge on the components and flavor of ZRV, and assist to improve the production quality of vinegar.

Shallow eutrophic lakes contribute disproportional to the emissions of CO

Few studies have quantitatively analyzed the relationship among the step distance, the driving voltage, and driving frequency of the inchworm linear microactuator, which cannot achieve accurate control of the micro-actuator. What’s more, the parameter setting rule is not clear. In this paper, the relationship model among step distance, voltage, and frequency is studied through theoretical derivation and experimental analysis. The parameter setting conditions of the drive signal are analyzed, and the waveform is modified to improve the stability of the micro-actuator. The theoretical model of micro-driver step prediction is established by using the non-linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression theory and Gaussian radial basis kernel function and verified by experiments.

BackgroundTumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is regarded as a rare paraneoplastic syndrome mainly caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT). To our known, only 5 occipitocervical PMTs have been described in the world’s English literature. We reported two rare cases of occipitocervical PMT, and conducted a retrospective analysis of these 7 cases. The purpose of this study is to discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment of occipitocervical PMT.Case PresentationBoth patients were middle-aged females, and had a long-standing bone pain. In case 1, there were no abnormalities in biochemical indicators. The blood phosphorus was normal and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was elevated in case 2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested that osteolytic bone destruction accompanied by a soft tissue mass in left C1-2 vertebra (case 1). In case 2, the bone destruction was located on the right C1-2 and the clivus. Then both patients underwent complete resection of tumor, and case 2 also received adjuvant radiotherapy, the histopathology revealed a PMT. Case 2 suffered recurrence during 5-year follow-up.ConclusionsOccipitocervical PMT is quite rare, and only 5 cases have been reported in the literature. Currently, complete resection of the tumor is the best option. The surgery is difficult, and requires delicate operation due to the complex anatomy of the occipitocervical region. Postoperative radiotherapy has little effect on local control. And further research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of the newly-emerged therapies.

Background Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an aggressive tumor that rarely occurs in the spine. We present a 38-year-old male patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and discuss the treatment and prognosis.Case presentation A 38-year-old male patient presented with bilateral lower extremity weakness accompanied by radiation pain. He had been diagnosed with right adrenal cortical carcinoma previously and had a strong family history of cancer. PET/CT indicated increased uptake in many parts of the body, especially the right adrenal gland, the left occipital lobe, and the L4 vertebral body (VB). MRI also revealed the destruction of the L4 vertebral body and a paraspinal soft-tissue mass. The tumor was completely resected and pathological findings revealed UPS. Subsequent genetic testing revealed a mutation in the TP53 gene, which is consistent with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). The patient received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and did not develop local recurrence, metastasis, or secondary cancer during the 31-month follow-up.Conclusions Spinal UPS is a rare aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Surgery alone can improve the survival of patients but cannot effectively control the disease. In spinal UPS patients with LFS, we think that the prognostic benefits of postoperative adjuvant therapy outweigh the risks of long-term secondary cancer. Family history of cancer and genetic testing can help diagnose LFS, and MRI of the spine can aid the early detection of microlesions. For these patients, early diagnosis and intervention can effectively improve survival.

Adipose tissue is endocrine organ that responds by secreting numerous hormones that regulate metabolism in skeletal muscle and the liver. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of spexin and adiponectin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and evaluate the relationship between circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Two groups of subjects were evaluated: 41 non-alcoholic fatty liver subjects (age 35.17 ​± ​12.29 year, BMI 30.97 ​± ​2.75 ​kg/m2) and 38 normal controls (age 38.47 ​± ​11.63 year, BMI 22.83 ​± ​3.00 ​kg/m2). Plasma concentrations of spexin and adiponectin were determined using immunosorbent assay kits. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) formula derived from fasting insulin and glucose levels. Compared to normal controls, plasma concentrations of spexin and adiponectin were significantly lower in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (P ​, Highlights • The plasma spexin levels were decreased in patients with NAFLD. • A negative correlation was shown between spexin and HOMA-IR. • A negative correlation was shown between adiponectin and HOMA-IR.

WhatsApp is a popular cross-platform application for communicating and connecting people. In this paper, the author analyzes massive data from WhatsApp public groups and obtains so-called tacit knowledge and social complex knowledge. During the processing, the author uses LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model to analyze the content which helps us to be aware of many aspects from public groups such as social trend, sentiment analysis and other hidden information. In the end, author get the results about topic for each group and the occurrence of words for each topic.

Instant message applications has become the trend of present social network for connecting people nowadays. With such massive information transmitted between end users, it may provide valuable hidden knowledge for data analysing and help us to obtain some insights of how the messages can influence current social trends. During the analyses, the author uses several different classifiers to conduct sentiment collection and use Ensemble Learning to aggregate the results. As a result, the author maps data about users’ sentiment graph in database of given category.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether galanin (GAL) central receptors are involved in regulation of insulin resistance. To test it, a GAL antagonist, M35 was intracerebroventricularly administrated in trained type 2 diabetic rats. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp test was conducted for an index of glucose infusion rates. The epididymal fat pads were processed for determination of glucose uptake and Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) amounts. The Gal mRNA expression levels in hypothalamus were quantitatively assessed too. We found an inhibitory effect of M35 on glucose uptake into adipocytes, Gal mRNA expression levels in hypothalamus, glucose infusion rates in the clamp test and GLUT4 concentration in plasma membranes and total cell membranes of adipocytes. The ratios of GLUT4 contents of the former to the latter in M35 groups were lower. These results suggest a facilitating role for GAL on GLUT4 translocation and insulin sensitivity via its central receptors in rats.

For monitoring or tracking a vehicle locally or remotely, positioning information should be stored locally or transferred through wireless network timely. One of those key problems in such a system is to find an appropriate time-duration to update the position of the vehicle. If the time-duration is too small, too much positioning data will be stored locally or be transferred; but if the time duration is too big, the track cannot be recorded faithfully, and you can not identify the actual route the vehicle just went through. To resolve this problem, an adaptive method based on map-matching technology and fuzzy description is presented in this paper. Through running map-matching by comparing the vehicle's positioning information with road network geometrical and topological information in digital maps, a more precise position can be obtained and the current road can be identified. After that, the following factors are considered to detect whether the current position need be updated in center control unit: time duration, running distance, estimation error, the vehicle state changing, and running road changing. A deduction method is used to estimate and compare with the measured vehicle state. And a quantitative fuzzy description is used to describe the speed and angular speed of the vehicle. After that, an OR arithmetic logic computing unit is used to decide whether need update current position to center control unit. Finally, a test is given to evaluate this algorithm. The proposed adaptive algorithm can record the vehicle's track faithfully, and at the same time it decreases the communication cost between the mobile station and the center control unit.

This paper presents a model based on linguistic value for the transform from qualified personnel resource to qualified personnel capital. It is important to transform from qualified personnel resource to qualified personnel capital for transferring the mode of economic increase in many countries. The model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established to explain the method of comprehensive benefitevaluation for the transform from qualified personnel resource to qualified personnel capital. However, the model based on linguistic value is better than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to explain people’s habit of thought.