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Refereed/Peer-reviewed Background: Upper arm lymphedema is a common complication one year after breast cancer surgery, which profoundly impacts patients' quality of life. Case summary: We reported a case of lymphedema induced by prolonged sun exposure 11 years after breast cancer surgery. Conclusion: Breast screening, patient education and follow-up after hospital discharge could help to prevent upper-arm lymphedema.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease which has been confirmed to be involved with abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation. There is still a lack of nationwide research in China to discuss the relationship between adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adiposity index, waist-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and diabetes. The question of which one is the best indicator of obesity to predict diabetes in China remains to be unclear.Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, including 7,930 participants aged over 18 years old for cross-sectional analysis. Information about height, weight, WC, hip circumference, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, energy intake and blood samples were analyzed. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the association of WC, BMI, WHR, waist-to-height ration (WHtR) and visceral adipose index (VAI) with the prevalence of diabetes in the 2009 CHNS respectively. Predictive potential of five adiposity indicators was validated by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). The optimal cut-off points were determined by Youden's index, which was used to estimate the performance of adiposity indicators.The study shows patients in the highest quartile were more likely to have diabetes than those in the lowest quartile of WC (OR: 4.237, 95% CI: 3.265-5.499), BMI (OR: 3.312, 95% CI: 2.601-4.218), WHR (OR: 3.199, 95% CI: 2.493-4.104), WHtR (OR: 3.760, 95% CI: 2.891-4.890), VAI (OR: 4.347, 95% CI: 3.411-5.541). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of WC, BMI, WHR, WHtR and VAI for diabetes was 0.700, 0.663, 0.668, and 0.697 and 0.694, respectively. The optimal cut-offs regarding diabetes in Chinese are WHtR ≥0.520 for men and VAI ≥1.878 for women.Our findings indicate that WC, WHtR, BMI, WHR and VAI are all independent risk factors for diabetes among Chinese adults. WHtR is the most accurate indicator for diabetes in men, while VAI for women.

Childhood trauma is robustly linked to a broad range of adverse outcomes with consequences persisting far into adulthood. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study to predict psychiatric disorders and other adverse outcomes from trauma-related methylation changes 16.9 years after trauma exposure in childhood. Methylation was assayed using a sequencing-based approach that provides near-complete coverage of all 28 million sites in the blood methylome. Methylation data involved 673 assays from 489 participants aged 13.6 years (SD = 1.9) with outcomes measures collected at age 30.4 (SD = 2.26). For a subset of 303 participants we also generated methylation data in adulthood. Trauma-related methylation risk scores (MRSs) significantly predicted adult depression, externalizing problems, nicotine dependence, alcohol use disorder, serious medical problems, social problems and poverty. The predictive power of the MRSs was higher than that of reported trauma and could not be explained by the reported trauma, correlations with demographic variables, or a continuity of the predicted health problems from childhood to adulthood. Rather than measuring the occurrence of traumatic events, the MRSs seemed to capture the subject-specific impact of trauma. The majority of predictive sites did not remain associated with the outcomes suggesting the signatures of trauma do not become biologically embedded in the blood methylome. Instead, the long-term effects of trauma therefore seemed more consistent with a developmental mechanism where the initial subject-specific impacts of trauma are magnified over time. The MRSs have the potential to be a novel clinical biomarker for the assessment of trauma-related health risks.

Primary hepatic angiosarcoma (PHA), a rare soft tissue tumor, accounts for only 2% of all liver malignancies. Pathologically challenging, PHA is difficult to be distinguished from other malignancies with ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT), or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Due to late diagnosis and resistance against traditional chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, only 3% of PHA patients can survive up to two years after diagnosis. To our best knowledge, this case report presents the first case of an advanced diffuse PHA with ruptured hemorrhage that has been effectively treated with TACE and Anlotinib plus Camrelizumab. So far, the patient has received 10 cycles of treatment and is faring well. Latest MRI results show that the tumor has shrunk by 56% and can be assessed as a partial response (PR). This case report includes our experience in treating such a advanced malignancy, and we hope that larger studies on advanced PHA can better quantify the potential benefit.

ObjectiveTo establish a logistic regression model based on CT and MRI imaging features and Epstein-Barr (EB) virus nucleic acid to develop a diagnostic score model to differentiate extranodal NK/T nasal type (ENKTCL) from diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).MethodsThis study population was obtained from two independent hospitals. A total of 89 patients with ENKTCL (n = 36) or DLBCL (n = 53) from January 2013 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively as the training cohort, and 61 patients (ENKTCL=27; DLBCL=34) from Jun 2021 to Dec 2022 were enrolled as the validation cohort. All patients underwent CT/MR enhanced examination and EB virus nucleic acid test within 2 weeks before surgery. Clinical features, imaging features and EB virus nucleic acid results were analyzed. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of ENKTCL and establish a predictive model. Independent predictors were weighted with scores based on regression coefficients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created to determine the diagnostic ability of the predictive model and score model.ResultsWe searched for significant clinical characteristics, imaging characteristics and EB virus nucleic acid and constructed the scoring system via multivariate logistic regression and converted regression coefficients to weighted scores. The independent predictors for ENKTCL diagnosis in multivariate logistic regression analysis, including site of disease (nose), edge of lesion (blurred), T2WI (high signal), gyrus like changes, EB virus nucleic acid (positive), and the weighted score of regression coefficient was 2, 3, 4, 3, 4 points. The ROC curves, AUCs and calibration tests were carried out to evaluate the scoring models in both the training cohort and the validation cohort. The AUC of the scoring model in the training cohort were 0.925 (95% CI, 0.906-0.990) and the cutoff point was 5 points. In the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.959 (95% CI, 0.915-1.000) and the cutoff value was 6 points. Four score ranges were as follows: 0-6 points for very low probability of ENKTCL, 7-9 points for low probability; 10-11 points for middle probability; 12-16 points for very high probability.ConclusionThe diagnostic score model of ENKTCL based on Logistic regression model which combined with imaging features and EB virus nucleic acid. The scoring system was convenient, practical and could significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of ENKTCL and the differential diagnosis of ENKTCL from DLBCL.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has infected approximately fifty percent of humans for a long period of time. However, improvements in the public health environment have led to a decreased chance of H. pylori infection. However, a high infection rate is noted in populations with a high incidence rate of gastric cancer (GC). The worldwide fraction of GC attributable to H. pylori is greater than 85%, and a high H. pylori prevalence is noted in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients. These results indicate that the majority of GC cases can be prevented if H. pylori infection is eliminated. Because H. pylori exhibits oral-oral or fecal-oral transmission, the relationship between this microorganism and other digestive tract malignant diseases has also attracted attention. This review article provides an overview of H. pylori and the condition of the whole gastrointestinal tract environment to further understand the correlation between the pathogen and the host, thus allowing improved realization of disease presentation.

In this paper, a series of red phosphors NaMg(PO3)3:xMn2+ were synthesized by high temperature reaction in the open atmosphere.

A new type of blue phosphor NCMP:xEu2+ was developed with high quantum efficiency and high thermostability.

Vitellogenin receptors (VgRs) transport vitellogenin (Vg) into oocytes, thereby promoting egg growth and embryonic development. VgRs recognize and transport multiple ligands in oviparous animals, but their role in insects is rarely reported. In this study, we investigated whether Bombyx mori VgR (BmVgR) binds and transports lipoprotein-1 (BmLP1) and lipoprotein-7 (BmLP7) of the 30 kDa lipoproteins (30 K proteins), which are essential for egg formation and embryonic development in B. mori. Protein sequence analysis showed BmLP7, similar to reported lipoprotein-3 (BmLP3), contains the cell-penetrating peptides and Cysteine position, while BmLP1 has not. Assays using Spodoptera frugiperda ovary cells (sf9) indicated the direct entry of BmLP7 into the cells, whereas BmLP1 failed to enter. However, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays indicated that BmVgR could bind BmLP1. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays further revealed that over-expressed BmVgR could transport BmLP1 into sf9 cells. Co-IP assays showed that SE11C (comprising LBD1+EGF1+OTC domains of BmVgR) or SE22C (comprising LBD2+EGF2+OTC domains of BmVgR) could bind BmLP1. Over-expressed SE11C or SE22C could also transport BmLP1 into sf9 cells. Western blotting revealed that the ability of SE11C to transport BmLP1 might be stronger than that of SE22C. In the vit mutant with BmVgR gene mutation (vit/vit), SDS-PAGE and western blotting showed the content of BmLP1 in the ovary, like BmVg, was lower than that in the normal silkworm. When transgenic with hsp70 promoter over-expressed BmVgR in the vit mutant, we found that the phenotype of the vit mutant was partly rescued after heat treatment. And contents of BmLP1 and BmVg in vit mutant over-expressed BmVgR were higher than in the vit mutant. We conclude that BmVgR and its two repeat domains could bind and transport BmLP1 into the oocytes of the silkworm, besides BmVg. These results will provide a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of VgR transporting ligands in insects.

AimsFeathers are keratin-rich byproducts of poultry processing, but those are often frequently abandoned as garbage and thus polluting the environment. Therefore, the study focused on the efficient biodegradation, bioactivity, and high-value application of feather keratin.Methods and resultsFeather-degrading bacteria were identified, and the degradation properties were characterized. DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) and ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid))radical scavenging assays, cytotoxicity assays, intracellular reactive oxygen scavenging assays, and cell migration assays were used to examine the biological activities of the feather keratin hydrolysis peptides (FKHPs). The results showed that we screened a feather-degrading strain of Bacillus licheniformis 8-4, which achieved complete degradation of 2% (w/v) feathers within 48 h. Notably, the feather fermentation broth was particularly high in FKHPs, which exhibited good DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. Further studies revealed that FKHPs had both the ability to scavenge H2O2-induced ROS from HaCat cells and the ability to promote HaCat cell migration, while remaining non-toxic.ConclusionsThe effective feather-degrading ability of B. licheniformis 8-4 allowed for the fermentation of feather medium to yield active peptides that were both antioxidants and cell-migration enhancers.

BackgroundPrevious experimental studies have reported an association between microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and glucose homeostasis, but whether exposure to MC-LR is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires further epidemiological study. This study aims to explore the effects of MC-LR on GDM.MethodsA prospective nested case-control study was performed in the Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (HPMCHH) in South China. A total of 119 patients with GDM and 238 controls were enrolled in the study. The two independent samples t-test, or chi-square test was used to compare the difference between the GDM group and the non-GDM group. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) by controlling for confounders.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of GDM in our sample was 13.7%. The detection rate of MC-LR in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the control group (44.2% vs. 29.4%; p=0.007). Our results show that an elevated serum MC-LR level in the first trimester of pregnancy was related to an increased risk of GDM (OR: 1.924; 95% CI: 1.092-3.391; p30 years, lower income, higher education, none passive smoking, and more likely to be multiparous.ConclusionsOur data reveals that serum MC-LR level in the first trimester is independently associated with GDM.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tab-10.1177_1759720X231177147 for T-score discordance between hip and lumbar spine: risk factors and clinical implications by Ming-Hsiu Chiang, Yeu-Chai Jang, Yu-Pin Chen, Wing P. Chan, Ying-Chin Lin, Shu-Wei Huang and Yi-Jie Kuo in Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

Additional file 1.

Using the numerical modular bootstrap, we constrain the space of 1+1d CFTs with a finite non-invertible global symmetry described by a fusion category $\mathcal{C}$. We derive universal and rigorous upper bounds on the lightest $\mathcal{C}$-preserving scalar local operator for fusion categories such as the Ising and Fibonacci categories. These numerical bounds constrain the possible robust gapless phases protected by a non-invertible global symmetry, which commonly arise from microscopic lattice models such as the anyonic chains. We also derive bounds on the lightest $\mathcal{C}$-violating local operator. Our bootstrap equations naturally arise from a "slab construction", where the CFT is coupled to the 2+1d Turaev-Viro TQFT, also known as the Symmetry TFT., Comment: 28 pages + references

Additional file 1.

This work introduces the first small-loss and gradual-variation regret bounds for online portfolio selection, marking the first instances of data-dependent bounds for online convex optimization with non-Lipschitz, non-smooth losses. The algorithms we propose exhibit sublinear regret rates in the worst cases and achieve logarithmic regrets when the data is "easy," with per-iteration time almost linear in the number of investment alternatives. The regret bounds are derived using novel smoothness characterizations of the logarithmic loss, a local norm-based analysis of following the regularized leader (FTRL) with self-concordant regularizers, which are not necessarily barriers, and an implicit variant of optimistic FTRL with the log-barrier., Comment: 34 pages

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tab-10.1177_1759720X231177147 for T-score discordance between hip and lumbar spine: risk factors and clinical implications by Ming-Hsiu Chiang, Yeu-Chai Jang, Yu-Pin Chen, Wing P. Chan, Ying-Chin Lin, Shu-Wei Huang and Yi-Jie Kuo in Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

We classify two-dimensional purely chiral conformal field theories which are defined on two-dimensional surfaces equipped with spin structure and have central charge less than or equal to 16, and discuss their duality webs. This result can be used to confirm that the list of non-supersymmetric ten-dimensional heterotic string theories found in the late 1980s is complete and does not miss any exotic example., Comment: 28+11 pages

Additional file 3. Peer review history.

Background Vascular embolism is a serious complication of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler cosmetic injection, and hyaluronidase injection has been proposed as the treatment. Until now, there has been a lack of adequate clinical evidence regarding the benefits of treatment for HA filler-induced vascular embolism by percutaneous facial or supratrochlear arterial hyaluronidase injection. Objectives The authors sough to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous facial or supratrochlear arterial hyaluronidase injection as a rescue treatment for HA filler-induced vascular embolism. Methods We included 17 patients with vascular embolism after facial HA filler injection. Intraarterial injection of 1500 units hyaluronidase was performed via facial artery for 13 cases with skin necrosis and via supratrochlear arterial for 4 cases with severe ptosis and skin necrosis but no visual impairment. Simultaneously, general symptomatic treatment and nutritional therapy were performed. Results After hyaluronidase injection, facial skin necrosis in all cases was restored and ptosis in the 4 cases was also significantly relieved. Patients were subsequently followed-up for 1 month to 1 year. The skin necrosis in 16 patients completely healed, and only 1 patient had small superficial scars. Conclusions It is effective to alleviate skin necrosis and ptosis resulting from HA filler embolism via percutaneous facial or supratrochlear arterial hyaluronidase injection. Level of Evidence: 4

The eco-restoration was a very effective measure to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the exposed mine surface in the stone coal mine site. In this study, the dominant plant, Indigofera amblyantha Craib, was well adapted to the eco-restoration in stone coal mining area. The changes of nutrient elements, pH, heavy metals in substrate material, the biological concentration/transfer factor, and the distribution and diversity of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere soil were investigated. The results show that the plant communities help slow down the loss of nutrient elements and the increase of the concentrations of heavy metals in the eco-restoration process. The Indigofera amblyantha Craib had the advantaged ability to enrich and transfer Cd, Cu, Mn, and its diversity index of microbial communities in rhizosphere soils was higher than that of other quadrats. These excellent properties found in this work help reveal the insight into the adaptability of Indigofera amblyantha Craib in the eco-restoration of stone coal mines. It is valuable to evaluate Indigofera amblyantha Craib for eco-restoration engineering of stone coal mine and extend the application in heavy metal contaminated sites.

BACKGROUND Lymphomas are the second most common malignancy of the head and neck. In this region, the vast majority of extranodal lymphomas are located in the palatine tonsil, accounting for about 51%. Tonsillar lymphomas are aggressive tumors with intermediate- or high-grade histology. We here report a case of primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the palatine tonsil and analyze its ultrasound features. CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old man presented with right palatine tonsil swelling for 2 mo after a cold, accompanied by dysphagia, snoring, and suffocation. He had no sore throat, fever, or history of upper respiratory tract infection or tuberculosis. The patient was generally in good health and denied other diseases. He was diagnosed with acute tonsillitis initially and treated with antibiotics for 7 d. However, there was no improvement with the treatment. Tonsil biopsy and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the biggest lymph node of the right neck showed the typical pathology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSION Primary lymphoma of the tonsils is rare, and its diagnosis is challenging. Ultrasound is a useful modality in diagnosing oropharyngeal diseases, and can clearly show the features of this tumor, but the final diagnosis should be established by histology.

BackgroundPatients with acute toxic hemoperfusion are prone to deep vein thrombosis. However, there is no risk assessment model for thrombosis in patients with acute toxic hemoperfusion. Therefore, we compared three commonly used risk assessment models for deep vein thrombosis to determine the model most suitable for assessment of deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute toxic hemoperfusion.MethodsCaprini, Autar, and Padua thrombosis risk assessment models were used to assess the risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients with acute poisoning and hemoperfusion admitted to a grade A hospital in Shandong province from October 2017 to February 2019. The predictive values of the three models were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe risk assessment model scores of Caprini, Autar, and Padua were 7.55 ± 1.76, 8.63 ± 2.36, and 3.92 ± 0.55, respectively. The Caprini risk assessment model was significantly different (p < 0.05) in high-risk patients in the thrombus and non-thrombotic groups; the difference between the other two models was not significant (p > 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve of the Caprini, Autar, and Padua risk assessment models were 0.673, 0.585, and 0.535, respectively. The difference in areas under the ROC curve between the Caprini risk assessment model and the Autar risk assessment model as well as the Padua risk assessment model was significant (p < 0.05), but the areas under the ROC curve of the Autar risk assessment model and the Padua risk assessment model were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The Caprini risk assessment model had a sensitivity of 91.9%, specificity of 33.1%, and a Youden index of 0.249. The sensitivity and specificity of Autar’s risk assessment model were 37.0 and 77.2%, respectively, and the Youden index was 0.141. The Padua risk assessment model had a sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity of 15.0%, and a Youden index of 0.063.ConclusionThe three thrombosis risk assessment models were not suitable for patients with acute poisoning and hemoperfusion.

The presence of arabinoxylan in wholewheat flour affects its quality significantly. Here, an efficient arabinoxylan hydrolytic enzyme, Hmxyn, from Halolactibacillus miurensis was identified and heterologously expressed in pichia pastoris. Moreover, its relevant properties, including potential application in the wholewheat bread were evaluated. Recombinant Hmxyn exhibited maximal activity at 45°C and pH 6.5, and was stable at mid-range temperature (

Background Necrosis of frontotemporal skin and/or the ipsilateral scalp with subsequent alopecia after hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection into the temple is rare complications with superficial temporal artery embolization are suspected as the major pathological mechanism. The main treatment currently is intralesional hyaluronidase (HAase) injection, but the effectiveness of percutaneous superficial temporal arterial HAase injection still lacks consensus. Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of superficial temporal arterial HAase injection in dissolving HA filler–induced necrosis of frontotemporal skin and/or the ipsilateral scalp with subsequent alopecia. Methods Five recent clinical cases with necrosis of frontotemporal skin and/or the ipsilateral scalp with subsequent alopecia after HA filler injection into the temple were analyzed retrospectively. The patients underwent HAase injection via superficial temporal artery combined with adjunctive treatments, and the clinical progress was observed. Results Significant improvement was observed in terms of necrosis of frontotemporal skin and the ipsilateral scalp after treatment, and the patients were relieved of their clinical symptoms. Alopecia occurred approximately 1 to 2 weeks after HA filler injection, and the well-defined alopecia areas were formed 15 to 20 days after HAase injection. Patients were followed for 3 to 6 months. During follow-up, the skin lesions of all patients were restored to near normal appearance. Hair regrowth was observed 2 to 3 months after HAase treatment, and hair density nearly reached the normal level 3 to 4 months later. Conclusions Percutaneous superficial temporal arterial HAase injection is an effective treatment option for HA filler–induced necrosis of frontotemporal skin and/or the ipsilateral scalp with subsequent alopecia. Level of Evidence: 4

Ying Lin,1 Jing Wang,2,3 Weizhi Liu,2– 4 Yanpu Jia2,3 1China Executive Leadership Academy-Pudong, Shanghai, 201204, People’s Republic of China; 2Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 3The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanpu Jia, The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, &num;800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Email JYP6631@163.com Weizhi Liu, Lab for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, &num;800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-21-81871671, Email 13024141970@163.comPurpose: Shanghai, a mega-city with a population of 25 million, was becoming the first city in mainland China to erupt in the Omicron pandemic. The pandemic and the quarantine measures of whole city static management brought out big challenges for the population. This study sought to examine the psychological impact of such quarantine measures.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in China between April 8 to April 14, 2022. The survey contained inventories of stress perception, emotion states, duration of quarantine, and demographic characteristics. A total of 1,051 participants in Shanghai who were quarantined at home were included by random sampling.Results: We found moderate-to-mild perceived stress (3.248± 1.936) and emotion states (3.453± 2.094). Individuals with high negative emotions had high levels of perceived stress. Specifically, the population aged 30– 49, female, with higher household income, staying with the elderly or children, were more likely to report high stress and negative emotion. Hierarchical regression and the further path analysis indicated that emotion states partially mediated the relationship between quarantined days at home and perceived stress.Conclusion: There was a moderate-to-mild level of perceived stress and emotion when quarantined at home for an average of 20 days in Shanghai. The present findings implicated more positive emotion then less stress perception at the same duration of quarantine. It was suggested to consider the measures taken to construct positive emotions for the public to overcome negativity and bring out a virtuous circle to thrive, if the quarantine has to be continued for preventing the pandemic.Keywords: omicron pandemic, zero-COVID policy, perceived stress, emotion states, quarantine at home

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) have been widely detected in environmental media and human body with concentrations reaching hundreds of nanomolar to micromolar levels. However, the information about their human health toxicology and mechanism is deficient. Previous studies have implied that NIs might exert estrogenic disruption and promote breast cancer progression, but the molecular mechanism is unclear, especially the molecular initiating event. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), as a candidate therapeutic target, plays vital roles in the development of breast cancer. This work aimed to reveal the potential mechanism through GPER pathway. Firstly, we screened the activities of seven most common NIs on GPER signal pathway by calcium mobilization assay. Clothianidin, acetamiprid (ACE), and dinotefuran activated GPER most potently and ACE displayed the highest agonistic activity with the lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC) of 1 μM. The molecular docking and dynamics simulation showed favored interaction trend between the NIs and GPER. The three NIs with GPER activity induced 4T1 breast cancer cells migration and ACE showed the highest potency with LOEC of 100 nM. ACE also induced 4T1 cells proliferation at high concentration of 50 μM and up-regulated GPER expression in a dose-dependent manner. We speculated that both the induction effects of ACE on 4T1 cells proliferation and migration might be owing to the activation and up-regulation of GPER. By using 4T1-Luc cells injected orthotopic tumor model, we found that ACE also promoted in-situ breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in normal mouse dependent on GPER. However, ACE only promoted in-situ breast cancer growth through GPER but not lung metastasis in ovariectomized mice, implying that the ACE-induced lung metastasis should be related to endogenous estrogen from ovary. Overall, we demonstrated that NIs promoted breast cancer progression via GPER pathway at human related exposure levels and their female health risks need urgent concerns.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare nivolumab's cost-effectiveness with chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from the Chinese healthcare system perspective. To this end, the researchers utilized a partitioned survival model with three mutually exclusive health stages. The characteristics of the patients used as inclusion and exclusion criteria in this model were the same as those used for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the ATTRACTION-3 study. The ATTRACTION-3 trial, which took place between January 7, 2016 and November 12, 2018, also yielded important clinical data. Data on medical and economic preferences were collected from real-world clinical practices. Costs, quality-adjusted life years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were calculated for the two therapy options. The model uncertainty was investigated using a deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. When compared to chemotherapy, nivolumab was linked with an increase of 0.28 quality-adjusted life years with an increased cost of US$ 36,956.81 per patient in the base case analysis of a hypothetical sample of 419 patients. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in the deterministic sensitivity analysis was US$ 132,029.46/quality-adjusted life year, with a 48.02% probability of being cost-effective at willingness-to-pay thresholds of US$ 132,029.22/quality-adjusted life year. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio remained greater than US$ 80,000/quality-adjusted life year in the deterministic sensitivity analyses. To be more cost-effective and remain below the threshold of 37,653 US$/quality-adjusted life year, which the Chinese population can afford, nivolumab's price would have to be lowered sharply by 53.50%. Nivolumab is clinically beneficial but not cost-effective when compared to chemotherapy. A substantial reduction in nivolumab's drug acquisition cost would be necessary to make it cost-effective for immunotherapy.

In the conventional stochastic inversion method, the spatial structure information of underground strata is usually characterized by variograms. However, effectively characterizing the heterogeneity of complex strata is difficult. In this paper, multiple parameters are used to fully explore the underground formation information in the known seismic reflection and well log data. The spatial structure characteristics of complex underground reservoirs are described more comprehensively using multiple statistical characteristic parameters. We propose a prestack seismic stochastic inversion method based on prior information on statistical characteristic parameters. According to the random medium theory, this method obtains several statistical characteristic parameters from known seismic and logging data, constructs a prior information model that meets the spatial structure characteristics of the underground strata, and integrates multiparameter constraints into the likelihood function to construct the objective function. The very fast quantum annealing algorithm is used to optimize and update the objective function to obtain the final inversion result. The model test shows that compared with the traditional prior information model construction method, the prior information model based on multiple parameters in this paper contains more detailed stratigraphic information, which can better describe complex underground reservoirs. A real data analysis shows that the stochastic inversion method proposed in this paper can effectively predict the geophysical characteristics of complex underground reservoirs and has a high resolution.

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) have become ubiquitous pollutants detected in human body with concentrations up to hundreds of nanomolar levels. Previous studies about the hepatic lipid accumulation induced by TCS and TCC were focused on pollutant itself, which showed weak or no effects. High-fat diet (HFD), as a known environmental factor contributing to lipid metabolism-related disorders, its synergistic action with environmental pollutants deserves concern. The present study aimed to demonstrate the combined effects and potential molecular mechanisms of TCS and TCC with HFD at cellular and animal levels. The in vitro studies showed that TCC and TCS alone had negligible impact on lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells but induced lipid deposition at nanomolar levels when co-exposure with fatty acid. TCC exhibited much higher induction effects than TCS, which was related to their differential regulatory roles in adipogenic-related genes expression. The in vivo studies showed that TCC had little influence on hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed with normal diet (ND) but could exacerbate the lipid accumulation in mice fed with HFD. Meanwhile, TCC-induced dyslipidemia in mice fed with HFD was more significant than that fed with ND. Therefore, we speculated that TCC might increase the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis in HFD humans. Molecular mechanism studies showed that TCC and TCS could bind to and activate estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and ERRγ as well as regulate their expression. TCC had higher activity on ERRα and ERRγ than TCS, which explained partly the differential regulatory roles of two receptors in the lipid accumulation induced by TCC and TCS. This work revealed synergistic effects and molecular mechanisms of TCC and TCS with excessive fatty acid on the hepatic lipid metabolism, which provided a novel insight into the toxic mechanism of pollutants from the perspective of dietary habits.

The groundwater level has been continuously decreasing due to climate change and long-time overexploitation in the Xiong’an New Area, North China, which caused the enhanced mixing of groundwater in different aquifers and significant changes in regional groundwater chemistry characteristics. In this study, groundwater and sediment pore-water in drilling cores obtained from a 600 m borehole were investigated to evaluate hydrogeochemical processes in shallow and deep aquifers and paleo-environmental evolution in the past ca. 3.10 Ma. Results showed that there was no obvious change overall in chemical composition along the direction of groundwater runoff, but different hydrochemical processes occurred in shallow and deep groundwater in the vertical direction. Shallow groundwater ( 1000 mg/L) and high concentrations of Mn and Fe, while deep groundwater had better water quality with lower salinity. The high TDS values mostly occurred in aquifers with depth 500 m below land surface. Water isotopes showed that aquifer pore-water mostly originated from meteoric water under the influence of evaporation, and aquitard pore-water belonged to Paleo meteoric water. In addition, the evolution of the paleoclimate since 3.10 Ma BP was reconstructed, and four climate periods were determined by the δ18O profiles of pore-water and sporopollen records from sediments at different depths. It can be inferred that the Quaternary Pleistocene (0.78–2.58 Ma BP) was dominated by the cold and dry climate of the glacial period, with three interglacial intervals of warm and humid climate. What’s more, this study demonstrates the possibilities of the applications of pore-water on the hydrogeochemical study and further supports the finding that pore-water could retain the feature of paleo-sedimentary water. © 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.

Developing broad-band-emitting phosphors is very important to light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and displays. We introduced Eu2+ to solid solutions K2YZr1–yHfy(PO4)3 with a langbeinite-type struc...

A new caesium sodium samarium borate phosphate, CsNa2Sm2(BO3)(PO4)2, has been obtained successfully by the high-temperature solution growth (HTSG) method and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm. The structure contains BO3, PO4, NaO7 and SmO7 polyhedra which are interconnected via corner- or edge-sharing O atoms to form a three-dimensional [Na2Sm2(BO3)(PO4)2]∞ network. This network delimits large cavities where large Cs+ cations reside to form the total structure. Under 402 nm light excitation, CsNa2Sm2(BO3)(PO4)2 exhibits three emission bands due to the 4f→4f transitions of Sm3+. Furthermore, we introduced Gd3+ into Sm3+ sites to optimize the Sm3+ concentration and improve the luminescence intensity. The optimal concentration is Gd/Sm = 98/2. The luminescent lifetime of a series of CsNa2Gd2(1–x)Sm2x (BO3)(PO4)2 phosphors shows a gradual degradation of lifetime from 2.196 to 0.872 ms for x = 0.01–0.10. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 calculation reveals that CsNa2Gd1.96Sm0.04(BO3)(PO4)2 can emit orange light under 402 nm excitation.

Background: The Taiwanese government implemented a stay-at-home order that restricted all community-based health promotion activities for the elderly by shutting down all community care centers from May 2021 to August 2021 to control the spread of COVID-19. Community-based dementia care centers were barely able to provide dementia care services during that period. Methods: The data used in this study were collected from a community-based dementia care center that was able to continue their dementia care services through a Tele-Health intervention program. The difference-in-differences methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of the Tele-Health intervention program on home-dwelling persons with dementia or mild cognitive impairment and on their primary caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The Tele-Health intervention program significantly increased the well-being of the participants and their primary caregivers, but the negative correlations between the Tele-Health intervention program and family functioning were also found to be significant. Conclusions: The significant substitution (negative) effects between the Tele-Health intervention program and family functioning raises the concern that promotion of the Tele-Health intervention program comes at the potential cost of a loss of family functioning. Policymakers should be cautious when considering the Tele-Health intervention program in response to pandemics and demographic transitions.

Cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome that occurs in approximately 50% of patients with cancer. Skeletal muscle atrophy is the primary clinical feature. Interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory factor, plays an important role in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we describe a novel signaling pathway through which IL-17A induced muscle atrophy. We conducted a retrospective clinical study to investigate the relationship between IL-17A and the skeletal muscle index in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We also investigated the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway regarding the main features of cachexia by injecting Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells into C57BL/6 mice as a model to replicate cancer-induced cachexia. In vitro, C2C12 myotubes were treated with recombinant IL-17A, anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, STAT3 inhibitor AG490, and LLC-conditioned medium. Cell viability and aging were also evaluated. We found that in cancer conditions, increased serum levels of IL-17A were related to muscle wasting. JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation was observed in the muscle of LLC tumor-bearing mice, accompanied by decreased MHC/Myog levels and increased MuRF1/Atrogin-1 levels. Administration of anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody and AG490 slowed muscle atrophy development. Consistent with the in vivo findings, C2C12 myotubes treated with IL-17A and LLC-conditioned medium demonstrated phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3 signaling, resulting in MHC loss and myotube atrophy. IL-17A also inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation, cell cycle breaking, and cellular senescence. Our results identify that phosphorylation of IL-17A/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway appears to be an important component in the pathogenesis of LLC tumor-induced cachexia. Targeted therapy of IL-17A may be a promising approach to reduce skeletal muscle loss in patients with cancer.

This study established a mouse model of ulcerative colitis and explored the serum transitional components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Based on the exact relative molecular weight and MS/MS spectrum, 55 prototype components and 59 metabolites were identified from the model group, while 18 prototype components and 35 metabolites from the control group. The prototype components in serum were mainly flavonoids and the characteristic components of the model group were alkaloids. Glucuronidation, sulfonation, and glycosylation have been confirmed to be the main metabolic types in vivo. The results of comparative analysis of differences indicated that puerarin, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin, chrysin, oroxylin A, berberine, berberrubine, and palmatine were the characteristic components in model state, which at the same time, were confirmed by pharmacological studies to be the serum pharmacodynamic material basis of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This study has provided reference for explaining the metabolic transformation pattern and mechanism of action of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in vivo.

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Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are ubiquitous emerging pollutants that have been reported to show estrogenic disruption effects through interaction with the classic estrogen receptors (ERs) in the fashion of low activity. The present study aims at revealing the potential disruption mechanism via estrogen-related receptors α and γ (ERRα and ERRγ) pathways. By the competitive binding assay, we first found that BUVSs bond to ERRγ ligand binding domain (ERRγ-LBD) with

In order to determine the potency of the test preparation relative to the standard preparation, it is often important to test parallelism between a pair of dose-response curves of reference standard and test sample. Optimal designs are known to be more powerful in testing parallelism as compared to classical designs. In this study, D-optimal design was implemented to study the parallelism and compare+ its performance with a classical design. We modified D-optimal design to test the parallelism in the four-parameter logistic (4PL) model using Intersection-Union Test (IUT). IUT method is appropriate when the null hypothesis is expressed as a union of sets, and by using this method complicated tests involving several parameters are easily constructed. Since D-optimal design minimizes the variances of model parameters, it can bring more power to the IUT test. A simulation study will be presented to compare the empirical properties of the two different designs.