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Logistic processes of construction sites are transferred into virtual and full 3D environments to increase the interoperability for all project partners. These digital twins are emerging for the construction process of modern building processes and are already designed to be used for the operation of the building afterwards. In structural health monitoring (SHM) the sensor installations are also designed to monitor the structure over its whole lifespan. Therefore, the embedding process and the operation of the sensor systems and the Building Information Modelling (BIM) have overlapping long-term goals. Beside these 3D software advances in civil engineering, the working environments in the field of geodesy still follow more established approaches. In many cases using only 2D CAD plans and on-site visits at the existing structure are best practice for the design of geodetic monitoring installations. This paper describes the improvement of the concept creation of permanent monitoring systems with geodetic total stations in an interactive virtual 3D environment. The simulated instruments are behaving according to their specification data and are linked with a physics engine to automatically detect common problems in a network design like obstructed line of sights, disadvantageous incidence angles at the targets or automatic aiming issues due to multiple targets in the field of view. Furthermore, the Virtual Reality (VR) technology is introduced as a user interface for a virtual 3D planning environment. The functionality of the developed VR application is tested in a real-life use case for the feasibility study of the automatic monitoring of a railway tunnel.

Structural integrity assessment is essential in modern tunneling to ensure safe construction works. State-of-the-art monitoring approaches like displacement readings of geodetic prisms are often limited in the spatial as well as the temporal measurement resolution, which is why potential safety hazards might be overlooked. This paper introduces a large-scale distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) network inside the tunnel lining of a highway tunnel currently under construction in Austria. The tunnel construction site faces challenging geological conditions with loose rock excavation near to the surface with minimal covering. Fiber optic sensing cables were installed along both tunnel tubes to autonomously monitor 13 cross-sections of the primary shotcrete lining, about 220 m of the tunnel in longitudinal direction and 10 cross-sections of the secondary inner lining. Measurements are continuously evaluated and autonomously transferred to the geotechnical engineer on-site for further analysis. While the construction works are ongoing, alerts are additionally sent out automatically, if pre-defined thresholds are exceeded. The paper outcomes demonstrate that the innovative DFOS system immediately responds to structural modifications and, indeed, increases safety at the construction site.

Quantum dot molecules (QDMs) are one of the few quantum light sources that promise deterministic generation of one- and two-dimensional photonic graph states. The proposed protocols rely on coherent excitation of the tunnel-coupled and spatially indirect exciton states. Here, we demonstrate power-dependent Rabi oscillations of direct excitons, spatially indirect excitons, and excitons with a hybridized electron wave function. An off-resonant detection technique based on phonon-mediated state transfer allows for spectrally filtered detection under resonant excitation. Applying a gate voltage to the QDM-device enables a continuous transition between direct and indirect excitons and, thereby, control of the overlap of the electron and hole wave function. This does not only vary the Rabi frequency of the investigated transition by a factor of $\approx3$, but also allows to optimize graph state generation in terms of optical pulse power and reduction of radiative lifetimes., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

This work investigated the effect of isophthalate (iso) content in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials on its degree of crystallinity (χ%) and mechanical properties. Melt blends were prepared from virgin (0 iso-wt.%) and bottle-grade (1.7 iso-wt.%) PET and subsequently spun into fibers. The mechanical and crystallinity properties were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and uniaxial tensile testing. The crystallinity results determined from DSC and XRD quantified the relationship between iso-content and χ% in the materials. It was found that melt-mixing of different isophthalate grades had a lesser effect on melting temperature (Tm) and χ% than chemically recycled random copolymers of terephthalate and isophthalate. It was further shown that random copolymers of

Background: Considered the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in childhood, dental caries is both an individual and a collective burden. While international guidelines highlight prevention as a major strategy for caries management in children, health professionals still struggle to implement prevention into their clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand the gap between the theoretical significance of dental prevention and its lack of implementation in the clinical setting. This systematic review aims to identify and classify factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Cairn). Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts and texts. To be selected, studies had to focus on barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children and include health professionals as study participants. Qualitative and quantitative studies were selected. The factors influencing caries prevention in children were sorted into 3 main categories (clinician-related factors, patient-related factors, and organizational-related factors) and then classified according to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Results: A total of 1771 references were found by combining manual and database searches. Among them, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which half were qualitative and half were quantitative studies. Dentists (n=12), pediatricians (n= 11), nurses (n=9), and physicians (n=5) were the most frequently interviewed health professionals in our analysis. Barriers and facilitators to caries prevention in children were categorized into 12 TDF domains. The most frequently reported domains were Environmental Context and Resources, Knowledge and Professional Role and Identity. Conclusion: This systematic review found that a wide range of factors influence caries prevention in children. Our analysis showed that barriers to pediatric oral health promotion affect all stages of the health care system. By highlighting the incompatibility between the health care system’s organization and the implementation of caries prevention, this study aims to help researchers and policy-makers design new interventions to improve children’s access to caries prevention. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022304545

In patients with FXI deficiency, the risk of surgery-related bleeding is poorly correlated with plasma FXI activity (FXI:C); the latter can therefore not be used as a reliable predictor of bleeding in surgeries.The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether thrombin generation assay (TGA) could be used to evaluate the risk of surgery-related bleeding in FXI-deficient patients. TGA parameters were compared to FXI:C values, haemostatic treatments and surgical outcomes.All patients followed at the haemophilia treatment care centre (Lyon, France) with a FXI:C 50IU/dL, and for whom a baseline TGA was performed between January 2014 and December 2019, were included.Among the 175 surgeries reported herein in 49 patients, FXI concentrates were used for 11 (6%) surgeries and fresh frozen plasma was used for five (3%) surgeries; these surgeries were performed in patients with two or three impaired TGA parameters. No haemostatic treatment was prescribed for 119 (68%) surgeries. A surgery-related bleeding occurred in 12 patients during 21 (12%) surgeries. Thrombin generation was significantly reduced or delayed in patients who reported surgery related-bleeding. Among the 34 (68%) surgeries performed without haemostatic treatment in patients with three impaired TGA parameters, a surgery-related bleeding was reported in 44% of cases (15 surgeries out of 34).The present study confirmed that TGA is an interesting laboratory test in FXI deficiency, for determining the bleeding risk and guiding the haemostatic management of surgeries, while taking into account the surgical bleeding risk and the history of bleeding.

Self-assembled optically active quantum dot molecules (QDMs) allow the creation of protected qubits via singlet-triplet spin states. The qubit energy splitting of these states is defined by the tunnel coupling strength and is, therefore, determined by the potential landscape and thus fixed during growth. Applying an in-plane magnetic field increases the confinement of the hybridized wave functions within the quantum dots, leading to a decrease of the tunnel coupling strength. We achieve a tuning of the coupling strength by $(53.4\pm1.7)$ %. The ability to fine-tune this coupling is essential for quantum network and computing applications that require quantum systems with near identical performance., Comment: Main: 6 pages, 3 figures, Supplemental: 4 pages, 2 figures

Performance analyses based on videos are commonly used by coaches of athletes in various sports disciplines. In individual sports, these analyses mainly comprise the body posture. This paper focuses on the disciplines of triple, high, and long jump, which require fine-grained locations of the athlete's body. Typical human pose estimation datasets provide only a very limited set of keypoints, which is not sufficient in this case. Therefore, we propose a method to detect arbitrary keypoints on the whole body of the athlete by leveraging the limited set of annotated keypoints and auto-generated segmentation masks of body parts. Evaluations show that our model is capable of detecting keypoints on the head, torso, hands, feet, arms, and legs, including also bent elbows and knees. We analyze and compare different techniques to encode desired keypoints as the model's input and their embedding for the Transformer backbone., Comment: Accepted at CVSports23 (Workshop at CVPR 23)

We report on scalable heterointegration of superconducting electrodes and epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots on strong piezoelectric and optically nonlinear lithium niobate. The implemented processes combine the sputter-deposited thin film superconductor niobium nitride and III-V compound semiconductor membranes onto the host substrate. The superconducting thin film is employed as a zero-resistivity electrode material for a surface acoustic wave resonator with internal quality factors $Q \approx 17000$ representing a three-fold enhancement compared to identical devices with normal conducting electrodes. Superconducting operation of $\approx 400\,\mathrm{MHz}$ resonators is achieved to temperatures $T>7\,\mathrm{K}$ and electrical radio frequency powers $P_{\mathrm{rf}}>+9\,\mathrm{dBm}$. Heterogeneously integrated single quantum dots couple to the resonant phononic field of the surface acoustic wave resonator operated in the superconducting regime. Position and frequency selective coupling mediated by deformation potential coupling is validated using time-integrated and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Furthermore, acoustoelectric charge state control is achieved in a modified device geometry harnessing large piezoelectric fields inside the resonator. The hybrid quantum dot - surface acoustic wave resonator can be scaled to higher operation frequencies and smaller mode volumes for quantum phase modulation and transduction between photons and phonons via the quantum dot. Finally, the employed materials allow for the realization of other types of optoelectronic devices, including superconducting single photon detectors and integrated photonic and phononic circuits., submitted manuscript

As the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report underlines, the problem of climate change is urgent, and the 1.5 degree goal calls for immediate and radical emission reductions to prevent irreversible damages to social- and ecosystems. These reductions cannot be achieved without behaviour change, which has the potential to reduce global emissions by 40-70% by 2050 (IPCC, 2022). While this holds true for a variety of different sectors and industries, air travel takes on a special role, where GHG emissions are rising again after the fall caused by the global pandemic (Lee et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117834). The present study focuses on leisure air travel and aims to understand the factors influencing carbon lock-in (Seto et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085934), which are especially pronounced in this sector. Carbon lock-in is the result of path dependencies and is difficult to overcome because of self-reinforcing positive feedback loops. These lock-in mechanisms form barriers to the changes necessary to solve the climate crisis. Seto et al. (2016) discern three types of lock-in (technological/infrastructural, institutional and behavioural), and show how they are mutually reinforcing. Therefore, when applying a behavioural lock-in perspective, we will not only consider individual and social determinants of behavioural lock-in but also how aspects related to the technological/infrastructural and institutional type of lock-in affect behavioural lock-in in leisure air travel. We use this lock-in concept as a heuristic framework. Determinants used in the recently proposed integrative Model of Justified Behaviour (MJB) elaborated by Hansmann and Binder (2021; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102859) are assigned accordingly to the three types of lock-in, which will be elaborated on in point 17. Moreover, we want to touch upon the degree of behavioural lock-in by utilizing the Avoid-Shift-Improve concept, which is well established in the context of decarbonizing passenger transport (Thaller et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102714). This allows us to assess the current level of behavioural lock-in and investigate the most prominent options to escape lock-in. Research questions: How do different factors of lock-in contribute to behavioural lock-in in leisure air travel? Which factors are most predictive for behavioural lock-in?

Newborn infants with respiratory difficulties frequently require nasal respiratory support such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or high-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC). Oral feeding of these infants under nasal respiratory support remains controversial out of fear of aspiration and cardiorespiratory events. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of oral feeding under different types of nasal respiratory support in newborn lambs without or with tachypnea. Eight lambs aged 4-5 days were instrumented to record sucking, swallowing, respiration, ECG, oxygen saturation, and arterial blood gases. Each lamb was given two bottles of 30 mL of milk with a pause of 30 s under videofluoroscopy in four conditions [no respiratory support, nCPAP 6 cmH2O, HFNC 7 L/min, HFNCCPAP (= HFNC 7 L/min + CPAP 6 cmH2O)] administered in random order. The study was conducted in random order over 2 days, with or without standardized tachypnea induced by thoracic compression with a blood pressure cuff. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare the four nasal respiratory supports in terms of safety (cardiorespiratory events and aspiration), sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, and efficacy of oral feeding. Results reveal that no nasal respiratory support impaired the safety of oral feeding. Most of the few laryngeal penetrations we observed occurred with HFNCCPAP. Nasal CPAP modified sucking-swallowing-breathing coordination, whereas the efficiency of oral feeding decreased under HFNCCPAP. Results were similar with or without tachypnea. In conclusion, oral feeding under nasal respiratory support is generally safe in a term lamb, even with tachypnea.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The practice of orally feeding newborns suffering from respiratory problems while on nCPAP or HFNC remains controversial for fear of triggering cardiorespiratory events or aspiration pneumonia, or aggravating chronic lung disease. The present results show that bottle-feeding is generally safe in full-term lambs under nasal respiratory support, both without and with tachypnea.

In times of steadily increasing traffic loads and extreme weather phenomena, the safe maintenance of infrastructure poses a difficult challenge to operators, especially when a vast number ...

Health of people with severe haemophilia (PwSH) improves thanks to the advancements in haemophilia care, giving them more opportunities in occupational integration. However, there is little literature on the occupational integration of PwSH.The main objective of our study was to assess the occupational integration of PwSH and to compare it with that of the general population. The secondary objective was to study the association between individual characteristics (sociodemographic, clinical and psycho-behavioural) and occupational integration of PwSH.A multicentre, non-interventional, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018-2020 on PwSH, aged over 18 and under 65 years and included in the FranceCoag registry. Measurements included indicators of occupational integration, sociodemographic, clinical and psycho-behavioural characteristics. The indicators of occupational integration were compared with those of the general population, using indirect standardization. The data of the general population were available from the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). Determinants of occupational integration were explored using structural equation modelling.Of 1262 eligible people, 588 were included. PwSH had a lower employment rate than the general population (standardized ratio, .85; 95% CI, .77-.94). There were more PwSH at tertiary education level than expected (standardized ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17-1.61). HIV infection, poor physical health and mental health concerns were associated with a higher risk of unemployment in PwSH.Employment rate of PwSH is lower than that of the general population despite their higher education level. Target interventions focusing on determinants of difficult occupational integration could be helpful for PwSH.

The public health policies and sanitary measures taken by governments in various countries to stem the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. lockdown, social distancing) have major implications for athletes. The radical changes are challenging and risk causing significant career disruption to athletes, with subsequent negative psychological effects. Thus, the ways athletes cope with such adversity is of critical importance. The present study aimed to identify athletes' coping profiles using a person-centred approach, based on their reported use of multiple coping strategies in response to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, and to compare levels of anxiety, stress appraisals, interpersonal coping strategies, and availability and appreciation of the major sources of support across profiles. A total of 526 French athletes competing at national to elite levels answered an online questionnaire during the lockdown. Latent profile analysis results yielded four distinct coping profiles (i.e. self-reliant, engaged, avoidant, active and social). The MANOVA showed that athletes belonging to the four profiles differed on anxiety, stress appraisals, social support, and interpersonal coping. In particular, avoidant copers reported high levels of anxiety, threat, and uncontrollability, and appeared less able to regulate responses to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Using a person-centred approach, the findings could inform the development of more adequate care, support, and intervention for athletes, especially avoidant copers, who were characterized by the least effective coping skills and resources. Accordingly, stress reappraisal and stress mindset interventions could be promising approaches to effectively manage pandemic-related impact during and after the COVID-19 crisis.Highlights The COVID-19 outbreak has major implications for athletes and is causing significant disruption to their careers. Using a person-centred approach, four coping profiles emerge showing athletes' preferred use of several coping strategies in response.The four coping profiles (i.e. self-reliant, engaged, avoidant, active and social) differentiate distinct groups of athletes in relation to anxiety, stress appraisals, social support, and interpersonal coping.Avoidant copers were characterized by the least effective coping skills and social context of coping. Management of the COVID-19 situation may be more problematic for them than other in mitigating its negative psychological effects.Using a person-centred approach, the findings could inform the development of more adequate care, support, and intervention for athletes, especially avoidant copers, who were characterized by the least effective coping skills and resources.

Deformation monitoring and structural reliability assessment are key components in modern conventional tunneling. The state-of-the-art monitoring design is usually based on displacement measurements of geodetic targets using total stations paired with pointwise geotechnical sensors inside the tunnel lining. In recent years, distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) has become more popular in tunneling applications. DFOS measurements basically deliver internal strain and temperature distributions, but no direct relation to the tunnel shape’s behavior. This paper introduces a novel sensing and evaluation concept, which combines DFOS strain measurements and geodetic displacement readings for distributed shape assessment along curved structures, such as tunnel cross-sections. The designed system was implemented into shotcrete tunnel cross-sections as well as shaft linings and enables the determination of displacement profiles with high spatial resolution in the range of centimeters. Evaluations of continuous monitoring campaigns over several weeks as well as epoch-wise measurements performed by different DFOS sensing units in combination with stochastic analysis demonstrate the high potential of the developed approach and its capability to extend traditional monitoring methods in tunneling.

Prophylaxis treatment is considered as the reference approach for children with severe haemophilia A or B. However, no consensus about the best prophylaxis protocol has yet been identified in term of dosage and timing of infusions. Guidelines were drawn up in France in the early 2000s by an expert group. The objective of this 16-year study (2001 to 2016) was to describe the clotting factor concentrates (CFCs) use in haemophiac outpatients. This is a retrospective monocentric study. Pharmaceutical and clinical data were captured using medical records. Main outcome measures are CFCs use and clinical data in paediatrics. Eighty haemophiliacs A or B under 12 years old with a factor level less than 2% were included (74% of HA), from pharmaceutical outpatient data. Global use of CFCs followed the evolution of the patients' number and regimen type introduced: increase of prophylaxis and decrease of on demand regimen. The average age at the prophylaxis introduction is significantly different according to the birth year. Prophylaxis introduction was made earlier with an increase of prophylactic regimen joined to an increase of CFCs use. The significant reduction of haemarthrosis in our cohort can be linked to a first infusion age and a prophylaxis introduction much earlier.

Predictive maintenance and safety assessment during the construction and operational phase are becoming more and more important in modern tunnelling. However, traditional measurement methods are often time-consuming, expensive and partially require an interruption of the tunnel traffic. In this article, we present a tunnel monitoring approach based on distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS), which delivers hundreds of strain and temperature sensing points inside the structure and gives completely new information about the behaviour of the tunnel lining. Measurements can be performed automatically without the need of access to the tunnel and hence, monitoring can be made without disturbing the tunnel construction or operation. The developed system was installed within the shotcrete tunnel lining of a railway tunnel under construction in Austria. In addition to the critical installation process, this article discusses the main monitoring results and compares them to conventional measurements.

International audience; The aim of this study was to identify young elite athletes’ personality profiles using a person-centered approach, and to investigate whether the profiles significantly differ in stress and sleep. 260 athletes from a variety of sports completed a questionnaire package to assess neuroticismand conscientiousness traits, stress appraisals (i.e. intensity and directional interpretation of stress, challenge and threat appraisals), and various indicators of sleep (i.e. sleep quality, social jet lag, Ford insomnia response to stress test (FIRST)). A latent profile analysis (LPA) approach was used to identify personality profiles based on the scores of neuroticism and conscientiousness. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to examine if the athletes belonging to different personality profiles differ on stress appraisals and indicators of sleep.Three profiles emerged: Maladaptive profile (high levels of conscientiousness and neuroticism); Highly adaptive profile (moderate level of conscientiousness and low level of neuroticism); Adaptive profile (high level of conscientiousness and moderate level of neuroticism). Results showed that athletes from the adaptive profile reported significantly lower scores of stress intensity and threat appraisal than those from other profiles. Athletes from the maladaptive profile reported significantly higher levels of FIRST than those from other profiles as well as worse sleep quality and lower levels of challenge appraisal than the athletes from the highly adaptive profile. These results suggest that investigating personality profile may be useful in identifying athletes at higher risk of stress sensitivity and worsening sleep that are likely to benefit from preventive actions (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy interventions).

GPS and more recently multi-GNSS carrier phase measurements have been used to measure the dynamic displacements of large structures, such as long-span bridges, in both the time and frequency domains. Such measurements can be used as part of a structural health monitoring system. Additionally, fibre optic-based systems have been used to measure long-term deformations of structures, such as tunnels and roads. The research presented in this paper brings together the ideas and technologies in the two aforementioned areas of research, resulting in dynamic displacement measurements of the hull of a ship at high frequencies, and indoor environments. Field trials using kinematic GPS and FBG sensors on the 138-m long Smyril passenger and vehicle ferry operating in the North Atlantic Ocean on the Faroe Islands are presented. FBG sensors were in the bow and engine room of the ship, gathering data at 1 kHz. The configuration of the surveys and the results from the FBG and GPS sensors are presented, in both the time and frequency domains. Various frequencies were measured, due to the movements of the ship in the ocean as well as the vibrations caused through the ship mainly due to the engine. One dominant frequency was of 12.25 Hz, measured at all the FBG locations, due to the engines’ operating speed of 735 RPM. Common frequencies were evident for both the FBG and GPS results for lower frequency displacement, caused by the movements in the sea. Such measurements could be used to monitor the long-term displacement characteristics and changes, in both the time and frequency domains, and used to help understand the health characteristics of the ship. Further, such measurements could be used to analyse the noise characteristics of the ship for both operational and environmental reasons.

Bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia divergens, is in general a rare disease in Europe. Nonetheless, local outbreaks can cause severe economic damage, and postmortem identification represents a diagnostic challenge. During a recent outbreak in May 2018 in northern Germany, 21 animals of a herd of 150 cattle died within 40 days having had clinical signs of fever and hemoglobinuria. Gross examination of 4 of the 21 deceased animals revealed a tick infestation, jaundice, and dark brown staining of urine and kidneys. Histologically, there were iron-positive deposits, hyperplasia of the red pulp of the spleen, and centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes. In several locations, small basophilic granules suggestive of intraerythrocytic parasites were visible in hematoxylin-eosin- and Giemsa-stained sections. Peripheral blood smears from a living cow from the herd and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of feeding ticks revealed B. divergens infection. In situ hybridization (ISH) was applied on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of the necropsied cattle to confirm babesiosis in these animals postmortem. Digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes were generated based on a specific nucleotide sequence for B. divergens, obtained by PCR and sequencing of DNA isolates from infected Ixodes ricinus ticks from deceased cattle. ISH using these probes allowed postmortem diagnosis of B. divergens infection in routinely fixed FFPE tissues.

Introduction With current molecular diagnosis, about 1 to 5% of haemophilia A (HA) patients remain genetically unresolved. In these cases, deep intronic variation or structural variation disrupting the F8 gene could be causal. Aim To identify the causal variation in four genetically unresolved mild-to-severe HA patients using an F8 mRNA analysis approach. Methods Ectopic F8 mRNA analysis was performed in four unrelated HA patients. An in vitro minigene assay was performed in order to confirm the deleterious splicing impact of each variation identified. Results In all probands, mRNA analysis revealed an aberrant splicing pattern, and sequencing of the corresponding intronic region found a deep intronic substitution. Two of these were new variations: c.2113+601G>A and c.1443+602A>G, while the c.143+1567A>G, found in two patients, has previously been reported. The c.1443+602A>G and the c.143+1567A>G variants both led to the creation of a de novo acceptor or donor splice site, respectively. Moreover, the c.143+1567A>G was found in 3/6 patients with genetically unresolved moderate HA registered in our laboratory. Haplotype analysis performed in all patients carrying the c.143+1567A>G variation suggests that this variation could be a recurrent variation. The c.2113+601G>A led to the exonization of a 122-bp antisense AluY element by increasing the strength of a pre-existing cryptic 5' splice site. For each point variation, in vitro splicing analysis confirmed its deleterious impact on splicing of the F8 transcript. Conclusion We identified three deep intronic variations, leading to an aberrant mRNA splicing process as HA causing variation.

International audience

The papers in this special section is to broadly engage the machine learning and multimedia communities on the emerging yet challenging interpretable machine learning. Multimedia is increasingly becoming the “biggest big data,” among the most important and valuable source for insight and information. Many powerful machine learning algorithms, especially deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have recently achieved outstanding predictive performance in a wide range of multimedia applications, including visual object classification, scene understanding, speech recognition, and activity prediction. Nevertheless, most deep learning algorithms are generally conceived as blackbox methods, and it is difficult to intuitively and quantitatively understand the results of their prediction and inference. Since this lack of interpretability is a major bottleneck in designing more successful predictive models and exploring wider-range useful applications, there has been an explosion of interest in interpreting the representations learned by these models, with profound implications for research into interpretable machine learning in the multimedia community.

Efficient and economic foundations are essential to ensure the long-term integrity of structures. Driven ductile piles offer a safe and quick solution for foundations, which can be individually customized to changing soil conditions. Geotechnical load tests on a small subset of piles can be performed at large construction sites to examine the bearing capacity for optimization purposes. Arising deformations during these statical tests are usually measured using electrical sensors at the top, which, however, do not deliver information about the stress distribution along the pile. This paper presents a fiber optic monitoring approach, which provides distributed strain profiles with a spatial resolution of up to 10 mm along driven ductile piles. The high measurement resolution of about $$1~{\mu}m/m$$ 1 μ m / m enables the detection of local effects in the load transfer from the pile to the surrounding grout and soil. The critical sensor installation on-site as well as results of various field applications with pile lengths of up to 25 m are presented. Verification measurements at the pile’s head and internal measurements of strain gauges prove the suitability of the developed monitoring approach and demonstrate the high potential of distributed fiber optic sensing for applications in soil mechanics.

Portraying emotion and trustworthiness is known to increase the appeal of video content. However, the causal relationship between these signals and online user engagement is not well understood. This limited understanding is partly due to a scarcity in emotionally annotated data and the varied modalities which express user engagement online. In this contribution, we utilize a large dataset of YouTube review videos which includes ca. 600 h of dimensional arousal, valence and trustworthiness annotations. We investigate features extracted from these signals against various user engagement indicators including views, like/dislike ratio, as well as the sentiment of comments. In doing so, we identify the positive and negative influences which single features have, as well as interpretable patterns in each dimension which relate to user engagement. Our results demonstrate that smaller boundary ranges and fluctuations for arousal lead to an increase in user engagement. Furthermore, the extracted time-series features reveal significant (p < 0.05) correlations for each dimension, such as, count below signal mean (arousal), number of peaks (valence), and absolute energy (trustworthiness). From this, an effective combination of features is outlined for approaches aiming to automatically predict several user engagement indicators. In a user engagement prediction paradigm we compare all features against semi-automatic (cross-task), and automatic (task-specific) feature selection methods. These selected feature sets appear to outperform the usage of all features, e.g., using all features achieves 1.55 likes per day (Lp/d) mean absolute error from valence; this improves through semi-automatic and automatic selection to 1.33 and 1.23 Lp/d, respectively (data mean 9.72 Lp/d with a std. 28.75 Lp/d).

Railway tracks are used as mass transportation system for transporting large number of people and goods from place-to-place to keep the economy running smoothly. Hence it is inevitable to keep the tracks healthy for safe and on-time movement of trains. Traintracks are complex systems that contain ballast, sleepers, fasteners and rails. Therefore, monitoring only one/two elements (e.g., ballast/train-track) will not provide enough information to understand the overall performance of the railway tracks. To tackle such issue, herein a sensor fusion i.e., accelerometers, fiber-optic sensors, strategy is adopted and sensors are placed at different locations of a real rail-track. In order to measure the vibration signal four accelerometers are employed, first one is placed on the rail (between two sleepers), second one is installed on the rail but above the sleeper, third one is exactly on the sleeper, and last one is on the precast railway trough. In a first step, the investigation has focused into accelerometers data only. The tests are performed for the following loading conditions: (i) shaking the track via an APS400 type shaker, (ii) hitting the track by an impact hammer, and (iii) by passing a real train on the track. The time-series data are analyzed and the frequencies and spectrums are estimated via the use of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The changes of frequencies of the tested rail-track at different locations due to the various loading conditions are observed. In a later step, an autoregressive type time-series model has been developed and validated where the initially obtained results show good agreement with the measured data. The current findings will assist to monitor the rail-track for any further changes.

This paper presents a practical and efficient workflow for deformation monitoring of transport infrastructure. We propose using commercially available mobile laser scanning (MLS) systems to scan civil infrastructure while driving by in a car or rail vehicle. Our processing pipeline corrects for MLS-specific systematic deviations and models deformations from point clouds of two epochs. Following the concept of rigorous deformation analysis, we statistically test the deformations for significance. The required point cloud uncertainty may be obtained in two ways. First option is empirically by multiple passes and, secondly, by prediction with a learned stochastic model. We apply the method to three retaining structures and evaluate results based on ground truth geodetic surveys. The deviations did not exceed 10 mm, even for complex object surfaces or when traveling at 80 km/h. We demonstrate that the method is capable of revealing displacements in the centimeter range without relying on any installations on the structure. The approach shows great potential as a novel, efficient tool for detecting and quantifying defective structures in a road and railway network.

The uncertainties of parameters quantification due to various known and unknown conditions are crucial to understand structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. For instance, the amplitudes and the variation of loading conditions play a vital rule how the structural parameters are going to be changed. Hence, the aforementioned issue leads to an additional challenge in the area of SHM that requires attention. This study observed the behaviour of a steel bridge experimentally by employing multi-sensors scenarios e.g. accelerometers and laser triangulation sensor. The dynamical properties such as the peak (e.g. maximum-minimum) accelerations and displacements are evaluated. Additionally, the frequencies and damping ratio from the measured data of the tested bridge has been estimated by utilizing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) estimation. The outcome shows that the variation of input excitations (i.e., random, free-decay, extra-loading) effects the investigated properties as well as on their magnitudes considerably. Therefore, the findings suggest that before making a final judgement based on the identified/estimated properties from measured data, the underlying uncertainties need to be considered to avoid sub-optimal assessment strategy.

Analyses based on the body posture are crucial for top-class athletes in many sports disciplines. If at all, coaches label only the most important keypoints, since manual annotations are very costly. This paper proposes a method to detect arbitrary keypoints on the limbs and skis of professional ski jumpers that requires a few, only partly correct segmentation masks during training. Our model is based on the Vision Transformer architecture with a special design for the input tokens to query for the desired keypoints. Since we use segmentation masks only to generate ground truth labels for the freely selectable keypoints, partly correct segmentation masks are sufficient for our training procedure. Hence, there is no need for costly hand-annotated segmentation masks. We analyze different training techniques for freely selected and standard keypoints, including pseudo labels, and show in our experiments that only a few partly correct segmentation masks are sufficient for learning to detect arbitrary keypoints on limbs and skis., Comment: accepted at CV4WS2023 (WACV 2023 Workshops)

DTS based on Raman backscattering using single-mode fibers, is rather unusual, but has a specific potential, as already installed single-mode fibers may be used, e.g. in SHM. However, there are still issues of practical concern.