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The first textbook in the world for high school fuzzy mathematics on Fuzzy Sets Theory Preliminary was published and issued in February 2018. Based on the necessity, feasibility, and practicality of high school mathematics courses to disseminate fuzzy mathematics, the authors, who combined high school mathematics at home and abroad, put forward for the first time a proposal for curriculum standards for elective courses in General High School in the development trend of curriculum modernization, which offers a preliminary course on “Fuzzy Set Theory—High School Mathematical Expansion Course”, hoping that the proposal will provide inspiration for mathematics education in high schools in the future.

To investigate the efficacy profile of entecavir capsule (ETV) as a chronic hepatitis B therapy, as compared to lamivudine (LAM).In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group evaluation of ETV, 232 subjects were administered a 96-week course of 0.5 mg/day ETV or 100 mg/day LAM. PCR measurement of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was conducted throughout the treatment course to determine achievement of complete virologic response (CVR; defined as less than 500 copies/ml of HBV DNA) or experience of virology rebound ( more than 500 copies/ml of HBV DNA after achievement of CVR).After week-48 of treatment, the ETV group showed a higher CVR rate (90.3% vs. LAM: 59.4%) and lower virology rebound rate (1.9% vs. LAM: 13.9%). After week-96 of treatment, the ETV group continued to have a higher CVR rate (86.0% vs. LAM: 71.4%), and virology rebound was experienced by significantly less subjects in the ETV group (1.2% vs. LAM: 11.9%, P = 0.005).ETV therapy can quickly and continuously suppress HBV replication in chronic hepatitis B patients, and has a lower resistance rate than LAM. Compared to LAM, ETV may be a superior long-term treatment choice for chronic hepatitis B.

To study the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and familial hepatitis B.HLA-DRB1 alleles of 151 people in the familial hepatitis B families were detected,by using the the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probing (PCR-SSOP) technique.The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1 * 0701 in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) group was markedly higher than that in the normal control group (17.8% vs 7.4%), with significant correlation between them (P0.05, A = 1/0.367 approximately 2.725). The allele frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 0401/0403/0405 and HLA-DRB1 * 1301/1302 in the normal control group (16.2%, 4.4% ) were markedly higher than that in the CHB group (5.1%, 0), with statistical significance (P0.05, A = 3.602; P0.05). The other alleles between the CHB group and the normal control group are no significant differences.HLA-DRB1 * 0701 is closely associated with the susceptibility to familial hepatitis B,and may be the susceptible or linkage gene. HLA-DRB1* 0401/0403/0405 and HLA-DRB1 * 1301/1302,in inverse proportion to the susceptibility to familial hepatitis B, may be the resistant gene. They may regulate the outcome of familial HBV infection in a patient.

AIM: To investigate the resistance profiles of chronic hepatitis B patients with entecavir (ETV) refractory treatment. METHODS: Twenty serum samples of patients who failed treatment with ETV were assigned into non-complete virological group and virological breakthrough group in accordance with response action. Direct sequencing of PCR products was used to determine ETV resistance. NCBI HBV genotyping tool was used to identify HBV genotype. RESULTS: ETV resistance was detected from 11 out of 20 ETV-refractory patients, all of which was in virological breakthrough group, and rtM204V + rtL180M + rtT184L was common in Chinese ETV resistance patients. There was remarkably statistical difference between the two groups (P = 0.0022). Three in 6 patients with genotype B were detected to have ETV resistance, meanwhile 11 in 14 with genotype C. There was no statistical difference in resistance among genotype B and C patients. CONCLUSION: rtM204V + rtL180M + rtT184L mutations are common in genotype B and C ETV resistance patients. Patients with virological breakthrough experienced more ETV resistance than non-complete virological group. There is no statistical difference in resistance between genotype B and C patients.