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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Assessment of publication bias using Funnel plot analysis. a-b Funnel plot analysis of studies on OS ((a) LODDS1 vs. LODDS0, (b) LODDS2 vs. LODDS0, (c) LODDS1 vs. LODDS0, (d) LODDS2 vs. LODDS0); e–h Funnel plot analysis of studies which included the patients without neoadjuvant therapy on OS ((e) LODDS1 vs. LODDS0, (f) LODDS2 vs. LODDS0), (g) LODDS1 vs. LODDS0, (h) LODDS2 vs. LODDS0). Publication bias was not found in the meta-analyses of OS. All of the funnel plots of the included articles showed a symmetrical distribution. Thus, no significant publication bias was found in the meta-analyses of OS. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; LODDS, log odds of positive lymph nodes.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Literature review regarding bioinformatic analyses of RBP genes in CRC. Table S2. Clinical parameters of the TCGA and GEO cohort. Table S3. Differently expressed RBP genes between normal and turmor tissues. Table S4. The 4 prognosis-related modules identified by WGCNA. Table S5. Differently expressed genes between different risk groups. Figure S1. Determination of the soft-thresholding powers (β) used in WGCNA. (A) Scale-free fit index and (B) the mean connectivity for various β. Figure S2. The correlation between the gene significance for prognostic factor and module membership. Genes in (Aa) blue module, (B) pink module, (C) yellow module and (D) green module. (x represents their correlation with the module, y represents their association with OS or Stage). Figure S3. The correlation between the risk score and stage in GEO cohort. Figure S4. The chemical structures of the potential drugs identified based on our prognosis model using CMap database (The small compounds’ name from A to M are isoliquiritigenin, beta-CCP, piperacillin, memantine, noscapine, huperzine-a, orantinib, androstanol, taurodeoxycholic-acid, eicosatetraynoic-acid, clofazimine, norepinephrine and vinburnine). Figure S5. Drug activities Z-scores among different CRC cell lines calculated by online tool CellMiner. Figure S6. mRNA expression levels of the 12 genes validated using UALCAN online tool. (Data of ERFE are not available in this database).

An important factor in tumor development and progression is the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is heterogeneous. Previous studies have mainly investigated the expression profile and prognostic values of genes in gastric cancer (GC) at the cell population level but neglected the interactions and heterogeneity between cells. The pattern of ligand–receptor (LR) interactions was delineated on a scRNA-seq dataset containing 44,953 cells from nine GC patients and a fourth bulk RNA-seq dataset including data from 1159 GC patients. We then constructed an LR.Score scoring model to comprehensively evaluate the influence of LR-pairs on the TME, overall survival, and immunotherapy response in GC patients from several cohorts. Cell communication network among 13 cell types was constructed based on the LR-pairs. We proposed a new molecular subtyping model for GC based on the LR-pairs and revealed the differences in prognosis, pathophysiologic features, mutation characteristics, function enrichment, and immunological characteristics among the three subtypes. Finally, an LR.Score model based on LR-pairs was developed and validated on several datasets. Based on the selected LR-pairs, we successfully constructed a novel prediction model and observed its well performance on molecular subtyping, target and pathway screening, prognosis judging, and immunotherapy response predicting.

BackgroundRetroperitoneal liposarcomas (RPLs), sarcoma of mesenchymal origin, are the most common soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the retroperitoneum. Given the rarity of RPLs, the prognostic values of clinicopathological features in the patients remain unclear. The nomogram can provide a visual interface to aid in calculating the predicted probability that a patient will achieve a particular clinical endpoint and communication with patients.MethodsWe included a total of 1,392 RPLs patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. For nomogram construction and validation, patients in the SEER database were divided randomly into the training cohort and internal validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3, while 65 patients with RPLs from our center between 2010 and 2016 served as the external validation cohort. The OS curves were drawn using the Kaplan–Meier method and assessed using the log-rank test. Moreover, Fine and Gray’s competing-risk regression models were conducted to assess CSS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to select the prognostic factors for survival time. We constructed a predictive nomogram based on the results of the multivariate analyses.ResultsThrough univariate and multivariate analyses, it is found that age, histological grade, classification, SEER stage, surgery constitute significant risk factors for OS, and age, classification, SEER stage, AJCC M stage, surgery, and tumor size constitute risk factors for CSS. We found that the nomogram provided a good assessment of OS and CSS at 1, 3, and 5 years in patients with RPLs (1-year OS: (training cohort: AUC = 0.755 (95% CI, 0.714, 0.796); internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.754 (95% CI, 0.681, 0.827); external validation cohort: AUC = 0.793 (95% CI, 0.651, 0.935)); 3-year OS: (training cohort: AUC = 0.782 (95% CI, 0.752, 0.811); internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.788 (95% CI, 0.736, 0.841); external validation cohort: AUC = 0.863 (95% CI, 0.773, 0.954)); 5-year OS: (training cohort: AUC = 0.780 (95% CI, 0.752, 0.808); internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.783 (95% CI, 0.732, 0.834); external validation cohort: AUC = 0.854 (95% CI, 0.762, 0.945)); 1-year CSS: (training cohort: AUC = 0.769 (95% CI, 0.717, 0.821); internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.753 (95% CI, 0.668, 0.838); external validation cohort: AUC = 0.799 (95% CI, 0.616, 0.981)); 3-year CSS: (training cohort: AUC = 0.777 (95% CI, 0.742, 0.811); internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.787 (95% CI, 0.726, 0.849); external validation cohort: AUC = 0.808 (95% CI, 0.673, 0.943)); 5-year CSS: (training cohort: AUC = 0.773 (95% CI, 0.741, 0.805); internal validation cohort: AUC = 0.768 (95% CI, 0.709, 0.827); external validation cohort: AUC = 0.829 (95% CI, 0.712, 0.945))). The calibration plots for the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts at 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS indicated that the predicted survival rates closely correspond to the actual survival rates.ConclusionWe constructed and externally validated an unprecedented nomogram prognostic model for patients with RPLs. The nomogram can be used as a potential, objective, and supplementary tool for clinicians to predict the prognosis of RPLs patients around the world.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Egger���s funnel plots on OS and DFS. a-b Egger���s Funnel plot analysis of studies on OS ((a) LODDS1 vs. LODDS0, (b) LODDS2 vs. LODDS0). c-d Egger���s funnel plot analysis of studies on DFS ((c) LODDS1 vs. LODDS0, (d) LODDS2 vs. LODDS0). HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival; LODDS, log odds of positive lymph nodes; SE, standard error; SND, standard normal deviate.

As the main power source for electric vehicles, lithium-ion power batteries have always been the focus of public safety. Lithium-ion batteries may occur thermal runaway after internal short circuit caused by mechanical abuse. It is extremely important to study the influencing factors of thermal runaway. In this article, the quasi-static battery extrusion test is used to study the changes of load, voltage, and temperature during the short circuit process of lithium-ion batteries and to observe the influencing factors that may cause thermal runaway. The electrochemical–electrical–thermal multi-physics coupling model was established by comsol multi-physics simulation software to simulate the thermal behavior of the battery after short circuit. The effects of short circuit cases, state of charge (SOC), and voltage maintenance time after short circuit on the thermal runaway of the battery are studied. By comparing the experimental results, the short circuit case of the battery caused by mechanical abuse is judged. The research results have played a certain reference role in the future research on battery mechanical abuse and internal short circuit.

Background: Agricultural intensification induces prolonged impacts on soil acidification (SA), whereas linking the mechanisms therein to structural and functional evolution of soil microbiota remain unclear, especially over longer time scales. Methods: To investigate the short- and long-term effects of agricultural intensification on soil microbiome and its association with SA severity, we performed metagenomic sequencing of soil samples from typical rice-vegetable rotations for 0 (control, V0), 10 (V10), 20 (V20) years. The objectives were to clarify biomarkers that indicative of SA and its putative functions of acid production. Results: Rice-vegetable rotations for 0, 10, 20 years yielded three well-defined soil clusters with differential acid saturation (V0: 4.5%; V10: 11.8%; V20: 40.7%). Soil pH declined significantly (p < 0.05) from the 6.38 (V0) to 4.82 (V20). Acid cations (H + , Al 3+ ) dominating V20’s exchangeable cation pool, suggesting that soils in V20 were highly acidic and acid-sensitive, which recruited distinct microbiomes. The increased acid cations and NO 3 - -N concentrations are driving forces that lead to a higher abundance of Rhodanobacter , Gemmatirosa , Sphingomonas and Streptomyces in V20 samples, which acting as aciduric biomarkers that significantly and positively correlated with soil acidity. Furthermore, functional modules of microbial genes revealed V20 samples contained more genes associated with“oxidative phosphorylation” and “two-component system”, particularly enriched multiple pathways of cytoplasmic pH homeostasis. More specifically, we found increased genetic abundances of active efflux of protons and cytoplasmic proton consumption in V20 samples over than in V0, which are both involved in the microbial dehydrogenation and acid production, and favoured the growth of Rhodanbacter , Gemmatirosa , Sphingomonas , Streptomyces . Conclusions: Collectively, the identified aciduric biomarkers was closely associated with SA severity in intensive agroecosystems. An overall increase with the ongoing of intensive cropping history in the abundance of indicative genes associated with dehydrogenation and acid production pathways. The differential community compositions provide new clues to elucidate the interaction between the soil microbiome and SA severity, and varying dehydrogenation and acid production pathways provide novel insights into the exacerbation of SA. Keywords: Agricultural intensification, Soil acidification, Metagenomics, Soil microbiome, pH homeostasis

Based on the analysis of the experimental data for cylindrical lithium-ion battery under mechanical abuse, an equivalent mechanical model of spring-damping parallel unit connects a damping unit in series is proposed in this paper. By combining the equivalent mechanical model with the Crushable-Foam material model, the experiments and simulations on the flat plate tests, rigid rod tests and hemispherical punch tests are performed, the prediction error of the simulation model to the failure displacement is less than 11%. After that, the equivalent mechanical model is analyzed, a soft short-circuit failure prediction model is proposed. A failure warning system is designed according to the prediction model, and the warning system can prompt the soft short-circuit failure of the battery in time and has a certain safety margin.

The emergence of electric vehicles equipped with lithium-ion batteries has largely alleviated the environmental crisis, however, the safety and sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical abuse conditions is increasingly becoming an obstacle for the promotion of electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries exhibit mechanical, electrical, thermal and other multiphysics coupling response behaviors when suffering from mechanical abuse such as compression. In this paper, two high-efficiency multiphysics coupling frameworks and strategies (calculation process) are proposed innovatively. Three abuse tests, flat plate test, rigid rod test and hemispherical punch test under the quasi-static condition are carried out to create mechanical abuse conditions. The geometric-level multiphysics coupling model couples the 3D mechanical model, the 3D thermal model, the 0D battery electrical model and the 0D short-circuit model to provide visual simulation results for battery failure analysis. The simulation results show that the geometric-level multiphysics coupling model can accurately explain the battery failure behavior under a variety of operating conditions, with a calculation time of no more than 1 h on a universal computation platform. The lumped-parameter high-efficiency multiphysics coupling model adopts the lumped-parameter mechanical model and the lumped-parameter thermal model, avoids the finite element calculation process, and can provide efficient and accurate semi-quantitative calculation results for battery safety analysis in the absence of a high-performance computing platform. The calculation time on the universal computation platform is no more than 5 s. The two high-efficiency multiphysics coupling frameworks can adapt to different computational analysis scenarios, helping to analyze the failure mechanism of lithium-ion batteries, improve the safety and maintain the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries.

Dynamic compression is a common scenario of mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The safety characteristics under dynamic compression is highly different from that under quasi-static compression, whereas research in this field is still scarce. Here, the lateral quasi-static compression and dynamic compression of two kinds of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are carried out. According to the first order derivative of the force to the displacement, there are six main stages of the battery behavior under lateral compression. The behavior of STAGE IV under the dynamic compression is obviously different from that under quasi-static compression. Both experimental and modeling results reveal that the dynamic load has a certain strengthening effect on the battery. For both types of batteries, the equivalent strength under high strain rate tends to be consistent. Combined with the Crushable-Foam material model and Johnson-Cook material model, the dynamic and quasi-static mechanical simulation are performed at the cell level, and the simulation results well explain the experimental phenomenon. The simulation and experimental results show that the safety warning of the cylindrical lithium-ion battery based on mechanical penetration has a certain safety margin, which can provide valuable reference for the battery safety under mechanical abuse in the future.

The failure of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical abuse is a multi-physical process involving mechanical failure, electrochemical degradation, internal electric short circuit, thermal runaway and structure damage. To gain a fundamental understanding of the failure mechanisms, in this work we propose a mechanical-electrochemical-thermal coupling model based on structure damage to study the failure behavior of lithium-ion battery under mechanical abuse in hard short-circuit stage from the real 3D structure and the whole battery level. The failure elements in the mechanical model are transferred into failure geometry and combined with the deformed cylindrical lithium-ion battery body. Then the short-circuit thermal power is calculated by the short-circuit model and sent to the thermal model. The electrochemical model outputs the terminal voltage and the electrochemical heat generation rate to the short-circuit model and the thermal model, respectively. The thermal model calculates cell temperature and feeds it back to the electrochemical model. The coupling model points out the fact that the internal short circuit heat is the main heat source during the short time of hard short-circuit stage under mechanical abuse. Furthermore, the coupling multi-physics model provides fundamental insights into the mechanisms of battery failure under mechanical abuse condition and can accelerate the analysis process which helps to understand the failure phenomenon in the future researches.

Bioinspired soft robotics have unique advantages in superior adaptability and complex motions for field exploration and interaction with humans. The mobility and output force, however, are still the critical challenges for many promising applications. It is attractive to develop “untethered” robotics to improve the mobility by getting rid of the external electrical or pneumatic tethers while achieving massive output stroke and force. Inspired by the creatures' movements induced by the multiplication of cells and asymmetric volume changes of the tissue, an untethered soft actuator composed of self‐contained liquids and super‐elastic chambers is proposed, and by remote stimuli (e.g., near‐infrared light), the capsuled liquids transit from liquid to vapor, giving rise to volume change in the corresponding chambers. Programmable motions, i.e., photophobia of artificial sunflower, can be realized, indicating a massive and linear driving stroke (up to 160% in elongation, 0.5 mm °C−1) and output force (14.5 N with 6 g self‐weight, 0.33 N °C−1). The untethered soft actuator suggests a feasible approach to develop smart, soft, and autonomous robotics and holds promise in fields ranging from surgery to rehabilitation and rescue.

Based on the previous research, the parameters of the equivalent mechanical model are associated with state of charge, thus, the model can simulate the mechanical behavior of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under continuous state of charge with simulation software. The comparison results show that the average fitting error of the equivalent mechanical model under different state-of-charge is less than 3.91% and the simulation error for failure displacement is less than 4%. Apart from that, the equivalent spring stiffness of the equivalent mechanical model will soften under mechanical abuse. Based on this, the first order derivative of the load force to displacement (df/dx) of the equivalent mechanical model is carried out. The results show that the displacement of df/dx extreme value can better reflect the mechanical failure and soft short circuit of the battery, the average prediction error is 10.91% and 5.46% which always in advance of the actual failure. So, the failure criteria of lithium-ion batteries related to state of charge are proposed. In the future, these criteria can be used as the reference basis for judging the failure of lithium-ion batteries based on mechanical penetration and the simple form of the prediction criteria can be easily programmed into the controller.

Proton radiography is a new scatheless diagnostic tool, and which provides a potential development direction for advanced hydrotesting. Recently a low energy proton radiography system has been developed at CAEP. This system has been designed to use 11MeV proton beam to radiograph thin static objects. This system consists of a proton cyclotron coupled to an imaging beamline. The design features and commissioning results of this radiography system are presented., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Chinese Physics C

A time-difference ultrasonic wind speed and direction detection method is introduced. The two transducers are operated on unilateral V-mode. After the up-stream and down-stream echo signal being sampled, interpolated and cross-correlated, the time-difference of the echo signal is gained in accordance with the peak of the echo signals cross-correlated function. Through the time-difference, the wind speed and direction can be measured indirectly. The time-resolution of the echo signal is improved and the measure of the minuteness time-difference is realized by the data interpolation. The Wavelet Transform and Temperature Compensation are used to depress the environment noise and revise the error of the velocity of sound. The high detection precision and good statistic characters of the system had been proved with the experiment.

This paper proposes a novel real time lightning detection and location method. In the last decade, lightning location systems were based on electromagnetic radiation pulse and had high cost. Therefore, we develop a new approach which uses light and infrasound of lightning to accomplish the function of detection and location. Lightning location based on light and thunder, with the assistance of computer, becomes available because of the development of light activated element and the strong power of virtual instrument. The operating principles and software design of the lightning detection are given in this paper. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Sonication with ultrasonic cavitation is one of effective and economical techniques for biomaterial processing in a lot of fields. Ultrasonic cavitation has become an important research subject. The latest research advances of ultrasonic cavitation and the reactions between cavitation and biomaterial are widely used in biomaterial engineering. Chinese traditional medicine extraction assisted with power ultrasound is one of the innovative techniques nowadays in point of fact. However, the nonlinearity and the spatio-temporal vicissitude of acoustic characters within the ultrasonic kettle are very complicated and variational. The nonlinearity of the acoustic characteristics makes the distribution of ultrasonic energy in the ultrasonic processor not symmetrical in spatial and time dimensions (x, y, z, t). So, the parameter nonlinearity causes some difficulties in the applied ultrasonic engineering. It must be well realized and dealt with seriously. Two respects of nonlinearity problems are introduced in the paper, which involve the nonlinearity analysis and nonlinear compensation methods. The topics are: (1) analysis on description methods of nonlinearity and research on some nonlinearity rules about the acoustic parameters of ultrasonic propagation in the mixture of biomaterials and mediums; (2) carry out experiments on nonlinearity of acoustic cavitation in fluid medium. The analysis methods are: (1) with mathematics, some rules of wave propagation and nonlinear relations of momentum in fluids are discussed; (2) in lossy and nonlinear media from arbitrary shaped sources, a free from paraxial approximation and efficient numerical algorithm capable of acoustic fields is described; (3) the nonlinearity of the spatial distribution of cavitation activity generated within ultrasonic processing vessel is studied. Based on the data of experiments, some applied biomaterial extraction vessels were set up for Chinese traditional herb medicine extraction. The results have been proved with experiments that the analyses on ultrasonic nonlinearity are practical and correct, and the methods of nonlinear compensation are proper, effective and useful for biomaterial extraction in practical engineering.