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Sb2Se3 is an emerging and promising thin-film photovoltaic absorber material. However, for commonly CdS/Sb2Se3 heterojunction device structure, low carrier concentration and back contact barrier will prevent the further improvement of device efficiency. Here we have successfully applied Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles (NPs) as a hole-transport layer (HTL) to construct a low-cost n-i-p Sb2Se3 solar cell with FTO/CdS/Sb2Se3/CZTS/Carbon configuration. We found that CZTS HTL can effectively suppress the back interface carrier recombination and improve carrier collection efficiency in the Sb2Se3 solar cells. The average Jsc, FF, and efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells with an optimum CZTS HTL are increased by 10.64%, 7.91%, and 17.14%, respectively, compared with Sb2Se3 solar cells without a HTL. Consequently, with CZTS NPs as HTL and carbon as electrode, the n-i-p Sb2Se3 solar cells have achieved a champion efficiency of 6.06%.

Background Meat quality is a prerequisite to the consumer's acceptability and industrial profitability. Post-translational modifications, changes in myofibrillar protein degradation and myoglobin oxidation have a great impact on meat quality during post-mortem aging of muscle. Applying proteomics to search for protein biomarkers to accurately assess meat quality is a new strategy to ensure high-quality meat. Scope and approach The current progress of using proteomics to identify potential protein biomarkers of meat quality traits during post-mortem aging of muscles has been reviewed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of protein separation, identification and quantitative analysis are summarized. Some potential protein biomarkers of meat quality traits belonging to different biological pathways involved in muscle contraction, metabolism, heat stress, oxidation, proteolysis and apoptosis are debated. Recently, biomarkers have been used to characterize meat tenderness, color and water-holding capacity to better understand the biological processes and pathways occurring in post-mortem muscles, and their detailed molecular mechanisms are discussed in this review. Key finding and conclusion Post-mortem aging of muscle is a complex process that involves physical and biochemical changes at the cellular level. Clarifying the changes and mechanisms of muscle-to-meat conversion is of great significance in identifying protein markers for assessing meat quality. Previous studies of the biomarkers linked to meat tenderness, color and water-holding capacity are summarized. We found that some great challenges still exist in characterizing and predicting the accuracy, stability and industrial application of meat quality biomarkers. Based on these studies, future research about biomarkers of meat quality traits are proposed to tackle these challenges and to assess the meat quality more accurately. Therefore, applying proteomics as an emerging technology can be helpful to ensure high-quality meat and provide economic benefits for the meat industry.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-5-onc-10.1177_11795549221109511 for GRHL2 Expression Functions in Breast Cancer Aggressiveness and Could Serve as Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer by Xiaoyu Bai, Yue Li, Yanlei Li, Fan Li, Na Che, Chunsheng Ni, Nan Zhao, Xiulan Zhao and Tieju Liu in Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy against hematological cancers and has been approved by FDA for treatment of B-cell tumors. However, the complex manufacturing process and limited success in solid tumors hamper its widespread applications, thus prompting the development of new strategies for overcoming the abovementioned hurdles. In the last decade, nanotechnology has provided sustainable strategies for improving cancer immunotherapy through vaccine development and delivery of immunomodulatory drugs. Nanotechnology can boost CAR-T therapy and may overcome the existing challenges by emerging as a carrier for CAR-T therapy or in combination with CAR-T, it may inhibit solid tumors more effectively than conventional approaches. The revealing of cellular mechanisms, barriers and potential strategies that could be used to manipulate and/or modify cells would enable unprecedented advances in nanotechnology for biologics delivery. This review outlines the journey and barriers of nanoparticles (NPs) across the cell. Subsequently, the approaches to tackle the barriers and strategies to modulate NPs as a carrier for CAR-T therapy are discussed. Finally, the role of NPs in CAR-T therapy and the potential challenges are summarized. This review aims to provide the readers with a detailed overview of NP-based CAR-T therapy research and distil this information into an accessible form conducive to design desired CAR-T therapy using NP approach. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most vibrant field in immuno-oncology today, with enormous benefits to patients with B-cell malignancies. However, a rapid and straightforward procedure for CAR-T generation is an exigent need to broaden its therapeutic avenue. Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel alternative approach for CAR-T generation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth review that briefly highlights the various aspects of nanotechnology in CAR-T therapy, including the strategies to brand NPs as an effective carrier for CAR cargo, its potential advantages, challenges, and future roadmap. It provides readers with a detailed overview of NP-based CAR-T therapy research, and researchers would be able to distill this information into an accessible form conducive to design the desired CAR therapy using the nanotechnology approach.

The traditional candling methods are very hard to discriminate the infertile chicken eggs from the fertile ones before hatching on the poultry farm. The purpose of this study was to detect infertil...

With the continuous expansion of the scale of the power grid and the gradual maturity of the application of drones, drones with the advantages of flexibility and convenience can overcome terrain constraints while reducing manpower and safety risks and can be well qualified for the power inspection work under the large-scale development of the power grid and improve the inspection efficiency. However, the massive amount of data collected by UAV power line inspection relies on the human judgment through the naked eyes of staff, and the recognition efficiency is very low and the accuracy rate is subjectively influenced. In recent years, the gradual introduction of traditional machine learning and deep learning has led to significant improvements in inspection efficiency and accuracy. The autonomous obstacle avoidance technology based on the inherent electromagnetic field characteristics of power lines makes it possible for UAVs to cruise autonomously. Based on a systematic summary of the achieved results, this paper briefly reviews the overall development of both power component detection and autonomous cruise in UAV power line inspection. At the same time, the current problems and future research trends are described, expecting to provide references for further research in this field.

Background Cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Current preventative HPV vaccines on the market are composed of HPV L1 protein produced either in the yeast such as Gardasil or in the insect cells such as Cervarix. The duration of efficacy and cross-protection remain highly desirable for the improvement of current prophylactic HPV vaccine. Given that HPV carries out infection and replicates in mammalian cells, L2 protein, which is not included in the current licensed vaccines, is included in the third generation of HPV vaccine in pursuing of providing broader prevention. We hypothesize that a virus-like particle (VLP) consisting of HPV L1 plus L2 proteins generated in mammalian cells will present conformations more closely to native HPV, thus it will provide more durable and broader efficacy of prevention. Methods We took advantage of 293TT cells to produce VLP containing L1 and L2 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18, respectively. Results VLP particles of uniformed size and morphology were observed, and potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies were induced in mice and rabbits. In addition, compared to bivalent HPV vaccine of Cervarix, our HPV L1-L2 VLPs elicited higher titer of anti-sera, and the anti-sera also presented comparable neutralization potency against HPV16 and HPV18 infections even a much less potent adjuvant was used in our case. Conclusion Our VLPs were capable of eliciting stronger and more broadly neutralizing activities against various HPV subtypes and were potential candidate HPV vaccines.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) diagnostics can be useful for diagnosing or confirming miRNA abundance and are used in screening tests and to assess changes in miRNAs in vivo. At present, the use of traditional nucleic acid amplification assays to detect miRNAs has been limited in laboratory environment because of the time, equipment, and technical expertise required to perform these assays. A specialized, rapid affordable miRNA detection system is necessary when there are limited resources or point-of-care testing needs. We designed a portable and affordable fluorescence-based miRNA detection system based on isothermal signal amplification technology, using SYBR Green II as a fluorescent dye. To reduce costs, we chose LED as a light source and designed the corresponding optical path for LED. The portable detection system shows results consistent with those by real-time PCR, and can be used to detect miR-183 with a limit of detection of approximately 2 fmol. We used the system to detect miR-183 in tissues and blood from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results from the portable detection device were compared with those from clinical trials and indicated that the miR-183 fluorescence signal could successfully identify HCC and provide information related to cancer progression.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is the most active field in immuno-oncology and brings substantial benefit to patients with B cell malignancies. However, the complex procedure for CAR T-cell generation hampers its widespread applications. Here, we describe a novel approach in which human CAR T cells can be generated within the host upon injecting an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying the CAR gene, which we call AAV delivering CAR gene therapy (ACG). Upon single infusion into a humanized NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgem26/Nju tumor mouse model of human T-cell leukemia, AAV generates sufficient numbers of potent in vivo CAR cells, resulting in tumor regression; these in vivo-generated CAR cells produce antitumor immunological characteristics. This instantaneous generation of in vivo CAR T cells may bypass the need for patient lymphodepletion, as well as the β processes of traditional CAR T-cell production, which may make CAR therapy simpler and less expensive. It may allow the development of intricate, individualized treatments in the form of on-demand and diverse therapies.

Rheological property is an important physical index of viscoelastic body. Meat, as a complex viscoelastic body, has certain rheological properties. However, important rheological parameters such as modulus of elasticity and coefficient of viscosity, have never been calculated easily. In this study a meat viscoelasticity detection system was applied to obtain deformation curves for extracting characteristic parameters related to rheological behavior. Then on the basis of the typical characteristics of deformation curves, 6 characteristic parameters were successfully extracted from the deformation curves to characterize rheological property of beef. These characteristic parameters were named maximum impact deformation, recovery deformation, instantaneous impact deformation, instantaneous recovery deformation, impact deformation area and recovery deformation area, respectively. In order to prove the usefulness of these characteristic parameters, the freshness of beef evaluated by TVB-N content was attempted to correlate with them. Common modeling methods including Multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were attempted to verify that these new parameters may be related to freshness. The PCR method performed the best and obtained the relevance with correlation coefficient in calibration dataset (Rc) of 0.725, root mean squared error in the calibration datasets (RMSEC) of 1.808 mg/100 g. The predicted result was correlation coefficient in verification dataset (Rv) of 0.686 and root mean squared error in the verification dataset (RMSEV) of 1.999 mg/100 g. The results of this study demonstrated that these extracted characteristic parameters could describe rheological properties and could be applied for meat freshness evaluation by modeling analysis.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel tick-borne bunyavirus that recently emerged in East Asian countries. SFTS is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, multiorgan failure, and hemorrhage with case fatality rates of 6.3% to 30%. Neither antivirals nor vaccines are available at present. We previously demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies specific for SFTSV glycoprotein (Gn) played a vital role in the survival of patients with SFTS. Nanobodies from camels present unique properties, such as thermostability, high affinity, and low immunogenicity. In the current study, mammalian expressed SFTSV Gn was used to immunize a camel, and functional nanobodies were isolated from the B cell nanobody library constructed from the immunized animal. Clone SNB02 was selected for in-depth analysis for its inhibition of SFTSV replication both in vitro and in vivo. We showed that SNB02 potently inhibited SFTSV infection and prevented thrombocytopenia in a humanized mouse model and is a potential candidate for therapeutics.

Surface cleaning has always been an important procedure to improve quality and performance of final components in modern industrial manufacturing. Among various surface cleanings, laser cleaning has been identified as the most promising green cleaning technology to replace conventional mechanical and chemical cleaning. Laser cleaning is a green cleaning technology that will not result in environmental pollution. And, laser cleaning is a versatile, precise, and controllable technology. A set of laser cleaning system that consists of line structured light and industrial manipulator, was designed in this paper. The line structured light, combined with camera, was used to scan workpiece surface and reconstruct the 3D model of workpiece surface. The industrial manipulator was utilized to perform scanning and cleaning movements. This new system is called Laser Cleaning Robot (LCR). To improve automation level and cleaning efficiency of the LCR, a path generation method based on line structured light and industrial manipulator was proposed in this paper. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in terms of cleaning efficiency for large-scale workpiece.

Oligonucleotides were screened for strongly silver-stained repetitive sequences. An 'AG'-clustered purine sequence showed strong staining, and the staining density can be compromised by disrupting the continuity of the 'AG'-clustered sequence. The staining-favored sequence was then employed in rolling circle amplification (RCA) for its product detection. A tube-staining method was developed for convenient and visual RCA assay. Moreover, by introducing GalR into RCA, d-galactose was detected by RCA tube-staining with naked eyes without any equipment. About 10 mM d-galactose can be easily identified, and the detection of d-galactose was specific in comparison with that of several other monosaccharides.

Designed with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing moieties as donors and acceptors, respectively, a series of novel organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are simulated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods The interacting dye/TiO 2 systems are also studied to further explore the interfacial injection process of photo-excited electron. The model dye C275 is featured with donor/acceptor (D/A) molecular architecture, which is primary to achieve the easy charge-transfer excitation and suitable energy levels alignment. To date, considerable efforts are devoted to the design and synthesis of D/A type organic dyes, and the initial configurations are typically comprised of N-annulated perylene donor, porphyrin linker, and carboxylic acid acceptor. Our results show that, the electronic levels and optical absorption properties can be tuned gradually by introducing auxiliary donor units or electron-deficient spacer in acceptor groups. Moreover, the designed dyes also exhibit good performance in terms of photoinduced charge transfer, electron injection, and dye regeneration, etc . Through structural modification of donor moieties, the new tailored dyes provide appropriate energy levels, strong light-harvesting and easy charge separation. Meanwhile, the distinct red-shift of optical absorption and large amount of transferred charges are also obtained by structural tailoring of acceptor groups, whereas the large values of injection time may be harmful for the interfacial photoelectron injection. Therefore, comparing with donor modification, it should be more carefully to choose appropriate acceptor group with the balance of various energetic and kinetic factors for the rational design of high-efficient organic dyes.

A new megastigmane glycoside, named koniside (1), with five known compounds (2–6) was isolated from the pericarp of Euscaphis konishii. The structure of the new compound was determined by the HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR spectra. Compounds 1 and 5 inhibited NO production of RAW264.7 and show moderate activities.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy against hematological cancers and got FDA approval for B cells tumor. However, the complex manufacturing process and limited success in solids tumors hamper its widespread applications and provoke new strategies to overcome above-mentioned hurdles. In last decade, nanotech provides sustainable strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy for vaccine development, and in delivery of immunomodulatory drugs. Nanotech can boost the CAR-T therapy and may overcome the existing challenges by emerging as a carrier for CAR therapy, or in a joint venture it may defeat the solid tumor more effectively than the conventional approaches. However, the unraveling of cellular mechanisms, barriers, and the potential strategies that could be used to manipulate and/or educate cells would enable unprecedented advances in nanotech for biologics delivery. This review outlines the journey and barriers of nanoparticles (NPs) across the cell. Afterward, the approaches to tackle those barriers and strategies to modulate NPs as a carrier for CAR therapy are discussed. Finally, the role of NPs in CAR-T therapy and the potential challenges are summarized. The main purpose of this review is to provide the readers with a detailed overview of NPs based CAR-T therapy research, and distill this information into an accessible form conducive to design desired CAR therapy by NPs approach.

The gain of the avalanche photodiode (APD) is temperature sensitive, which greatly limits the application of APD for the all-weather operation in field. In this paper, a dual temperature compensation circuit for APD that included temperature control and high voltage compensation was designed. The temperature control part uses MAX1978 for APD proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature control through thermistor and thermo electric cooler (TEC), so that APD temperature is kept constant in a certain ambient temperature range. According to general diode‘s temperature characteristics, the high voltage compensation part compensates for the high voltage drift needed to stabilize the gain of the APD when ambient temperature changes, using diode 1N914. This further improves the gain stability of the APD. The dual temperature compensation circuit improves the stability of the APD gain, expands the range of APD's ambient temperature and reduces the thermal noise.

Chromatic confocal point sensors are used to measure the high-precision surface distance, and it’s based on the theory of chromatic dispersion and encodes the distance between the measure surface and chromatic lens. By accurately measuring the wavelength value, it indirectly calculates the distance to object surface. The accuracy of the sensor depends on the chromatic range of the lens and the resolution of the spectrograph. In this paper, the algorithm of spectral peak positioning can effectively filter kinds of noise, such as spectrometer and light source. The spectral data signal peak is extracted by Gaussian fitting method. In practice, the wavelength position can be stably detected effectively.

In order to meet the needs of production, this paper studies the detection data processing algorithm for the angle of the piston shape and position, the groove width and the runout of the groove bottom. An adaptive data fusion method based on Kalman filtering is proposed. This algorithm can use the adaptive method to calculate the different weight coefficients of each data point according to the standardized sampling data and the smoothed data points obtained by the cubic B-spline approximate fitting algorithm. This paper obtain the fusion data; then calculate the groove angle, groove width and groove bottom runout of the piston according to the conversion formula. Finally, experimental data verification is carried out, which shows the effectiveness and good robustness of the data processing of this algorithm. At the same time, a piston shape and position detection system was developed. The system rotates a circle at 90 degrees per second to obtain the measurement data. After the system software and hardware processing, the groove angle detection accuracy can reach ±2 minutes, the groove width and the groove bottom. The detection accuracy of the runout amount is within ±2 microns, and the measurement items in the measurement time and accuracy side meet the customer’s technical document requirements and achieve satisfactory results.

A novel mode division multiplexer with low loss, low crosstalk is proposed for a type of few mode ring-core fiber (FM-RCF) in our paper. A novel FM-RCF with pure silica ring-core and larger effective refractive index difference (>1 × 10−3) between the modes is proposed as mode transmission channel of our multiplexer. The ring-core channel structure and the larger effective refractive index difference (>1 × 10−3) between the modes are used to effectively reduce the mode crosstalk and improve the mode extinction ratio. Pure silica ring-core is employed to effectively reduce the transmission attenuation and splicing loss. The (de)multiplexing of LP01, LP11a and LP11b modes for FM-RCF is realized. In this paper, the performance of mode division multiplexer is studied by using the beam propagation method and finite element method. The coupling efficiency and extinction ratio of the mode division multiplexer is better than −7.83 dB and 28.13 dB in the range of 1400 nm–1700 nm. The coupling efficiency of the mode division multiplexer is better than −1.39 dB in C band, which is better than −1.69 dB in the previous reference. The extinction ratio of the LP01 mode is more than 48.13 dB in the C band, which is 11.76 dB higher than the average extinction ratio of LP11 mode. The extinction ratios of the three modes are better than 35.42 dB, which is 15.42 dB higher than those of the modes in the previous reference. The intrinsic losses of few mode ring-core transmission channels are all 0.154 dB/km at 1. 54 μ m.

A novel six-core few-mode fiber is proposed in this paper. The refractive index of each core is graded and pure silica is adopted in the center of each core. Four supermodes are achieved using full-vector finite element method in this fiber. Pure silica cores are employed to effectively reduce the intrinsic loss. The larger effective refractive index difference between the modes is used to effectively reduce the mode crosstalk. The low bending loss is realized by using the trench refractive index at the cladding. The six cores of the fiber are arranged in a ring, which shows the performance of the ring-core fiber supporting the single radial mode and the larger effective refractive index difference between the modes.

To investigate the feasibility of airflow and laser ranging technique for nondestructively determination of TVB-N in beef, a viscoelasticity detection system was employed to collect deformation information of beef samples. Then 12 characteristic parameters were extracted from deformation curves. Multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to establish prediction models for TVB-N. The results showed that the PLSR model using 12 characteristic parameters performed the best with correlation coefficients in calibration and prediction sets (Rc and Rp) of 0.847 and 0.821, root mean squared errors in the calibration and prediction sets (RMSEC and RMSEP) of 1.750 and 2.560 mg/100 g. This result demonstrated that it was feasible to use airflow and laser ranging technique for rapid and nondestructive detection of beef freshness. This study made possible that the deformation characteristics of livestock and poultry meat could be expressed in a quantitative method.

An improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model is utilized to predict spindle deformation based on temperature data. The improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model combines the fuzzy logic qualitative approach and neural network adaptive capabilities, and it is composed of fuzzy filtering and adaptive layers. A verification experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model. Nine Pt100 thermal resistances are employed to monitor spindle temperature. An inductive current sensor is utilized to detect spindle deformation. Experimental results show that the improved fuzzy-filtered neural network model can better predict spindle deformation than back propagation network, and it can significantly improve the performance of the spindle. Under the new cutting condition, the residual error of spindle deformation along the z-axis can be reduced to less than 6 µm.

In order to detect miRNA quickly, we designed a new portable device for the rapid detection of miRNA, using Opto-electronic detection technology, marking miRNA and isothermal rolling circle amplification and detecting markers which excite fluorescence intensity, the recognition system of characteristic fluorescence analysis was established. By changing the excitation light intensity, miRNA reagent concentration and other parameters, we arrive at the conclusion that there is the linear relationship (R2=0.9947) between miRNA concentration and fluorescence intensity when the miRNA concentration range the instrument can measure is in the range of 0.01-0.1mol and the lowest values measured by the instrument in theory is 7 copies.

The water resistance properties of unmodified soy protein isolate (SPI1) materials and modified soy protein isolate (SPI2) materials were investigated. The surface morphology and surface composition of the materials were also identified by Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The average roughness of materials reduced from 14.362 nm to 8.672 nm. The N/C ratio of surface was decreased from 0.078 to 0.055, and the content of C1 reduced from 45.0% to 53.7%. Results indicate that the modification of SPI changes the surface morphology and surface composition of materials, showing higher water resistance.

Interference cancellation is crucial for passive radar and has been well developed. A novel interference cancellation model based on compressive sensing (CS) is proposed in this paper. The sparse matrix is constructed by exploiting the sparsity of the interference signal in delay-Doppler domain, with each column of which is the cross ambiguity function (CAF) of a delayed and Doppler shifted replica of the reference signal. However, the generation of the sparse matrix will be computationally extensive by routine processing, so a fast method is developed based on the fact that all the CAFs can be obtained from the self-ambiguity function (SAF) of the reference signal by approximating. The orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is then applied to obtain the estimator of the sparse vector, which includes the information of the complex amplitude, delay and Doppler of the interference signal. With these parameters, the interference signal is reconstructed and removed from the surveillance signal. Besides dealing with both the stationary and moving clutter, the proposed cancellation algorithm can eliminate the strong target if required by modifying parameters accordingly. Simulation results show that the residual power of interference after cancellation is extremely low, which is meaningful for weak target detection.

Glycinebetaine is an important quaternary ammonium compound that is produced in response to salt and other osmotic stresses in many organisms. Its synthesis requires the catalysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by BADH gene that converts betaine aldehyde into glycinebetaine in some halotolerant plants. We transformed the BADH gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis and controlled by two 35S promoters of the cauliflower mosaic virus, into a salt-sensitive tomato cultivar, Bailichun, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying a binary vector pBin438, and using a leaf regeneration system. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization analyses demonstrated that the BADH gene had integrated into the genome of tomato. Transgenic tomato plants showed significantly higher levels of mRNA and BADH enzyme activity than wild-type plants. Observations on rooting development and relative electronic conductivity suggested that the transgenic plants exhibited tolerance to salt stress, with these plants growing normally at salt concentrations up to 120 mM.

An 8–18 GHz broadband high power amplifier (HPA) with a hybrid integrated circuit (HIC) is designed and fabricated. This HPA is achieved with the use of a 4-fingered micro-strip Lange coupler in a GaAs MMIC process. In order to decrease electromagnetic interference, a multilayer AlN material with good heat dissipation is adopted as the carrier of the power amplifier. When the input power is 25 dBm, the saturated power of the continuous wave (CW) outputted by the power amplifier is more than 39 dBm within the frequency range of 8–13 GHz, while it is more than 38.6 dBm within other frequency ranges. We obtain the peak power output, 39.4 dBm, at the frequency of 11.9 GHz. In the whole frequency band, the power-added efficiency is more than 18%. When the input power is 18 dBm, the small signal gain is 15.7 ± 0.7 dB. The dimensions of the HPA are 25 × 15 × 1.5 mm3.