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Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of data sets used in this study. Table S2. The clinical characteristics of Asian LUAD patients for analyzing genetic variants in this study. Table S3. The clinical characteristics of Non-Asian LUAD patients for analyzing genetic variants in this study. Table S4. The driver mutations in the OncoSG cohort. Table S5. Comparison of driver mutations between female and male smokers with LUAD in the OncoSG cohort. Table S6. Comparison of driver and passenger mutations between female and male nonsmokers with LUAD in the OncoSG cohort. Table S7. Comparison of driver mutations between female and male smokers with LUAD in the OrigiMed2020 cohort. Table S8. The driver mutations in the TCGA cohort. Table S9. Comparison of driver and passenger mutations between female and male smokers with LUAD in the TCGA cohort. Table S10. Comparison of driver mutations between female and male nonsmokers with LUAD in the TCGA cohort. Table S11. Comparison of driver mutations between female and male smokers with LUAD in the MSKCC-IMPACT cohort. Table S12. Comparison of driver mutations between female and male nonsmokers with LUAD in the MSKCC-IMPACT cohort. Figure S1. The distributions of immune cell subtypes between male and female LUADs.

Channel mismatch calibration techniques of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TI-ADCs) are reviewed. The research on sampling technology of TI-ADCs is introduced, and the influence mechanism of channel mismatch has been analyzed briefly. Subsequently, the latest research progress of the domestic and foreign error calibration techniques of TI-ADCs is elaborated. The implementation methods, advantages and disadvantages of each calibration technique have been summarized, existing problems are analyzed. Finally, future development trends are prospected. These works could provide a reference for advancing the research field.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of miR-22-3p in breast cancer and the mechanism of targeting PLAGL2 to inhibit the invasion and migration in human breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN An experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Oncology and Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, China, from March 2019 to December 2020. METHODOLOGY The miR-22-3p expression level in 41 paired human primary breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues and para-cancer tissues was obtained by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of miR-22-3p on the proliferation of breast cancer cells was detected by growth curve method. Online software TargetScan was used to predict the target genes of miR-22-3p. The prediction results were verified by luciferase reporter gene assay and qRT⁃PCR. RESULTS MiR-22-3p expression was significantly decreased in the breast cancer tissues than in para⁃carcinoma normal breast tissues (p

Offset, gain and time mismatch errors exist in the channels of the time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC), which severely affect the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and effective number of bits (ENOB). Here, an error detection and correction method of TIADC based on genetic algorithm (GA) optimization is presented. The algorithm based on sine fitting is used for the first estimation and rough correction of the input signal, and GA is used for the second detection and fine correction of channel mismatch errors on the signal after frequency domain filtering. Experimental results show that the SNDR of the TIADC system is enhanced to 92.24 dB, the SFDR is enhanced to 102.05 dB, the ENOB is enhanced to 15.03 bits and the spectrum spurs are reduced. This method provides a new idea for error detection and correction of high-resolution TIADC systems with more than 16 bits.

This study reports a novel 2000 MPa grade ultra-strong hot stamping steel, which contains lath martensite, nanometer-sized film-shaped retained austenite and precipitates. The yield strength significantly increases with increasing tempering temperature as the precipitation strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and reducing microstructure residual stress. Multi-strengthening mechanisms (i.e. grain refinement strengthening, precipitation strengthening and transformation-induced plasticity effect) work together to improve the strength and plasticity at the same time. The yield strength reached 1600 MPa, together with an ultimate tensile strength of 1939 MPa and total elongation of 9.14% when tempered at 573 K. Compared with commercial 22mnB5 steel, the tested steels have remarkable improvement in mechanical properties.

Improvement of the hot stamping process is important for reducing processing costs and improving the productivity and tensile properties of final components. One major approach to this has been to conduct all or part of the process at lower temperatures. The present paper reviews the state of the art of hot stamping techniques and their applications, considering the following aspects: (1) conventional hot stamping and its advanced developments; (2) warm stamping approaches in which complete austenitisation is not attained during heating; (3) hot stamping with a lower forming temperature, i.e., low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS); (4) advanced medium-Mn steels with lower austenitisation temperatures and their applicability in LTHS. Prospects for the further development of LTHS technology and the work required to achieve this are discussed.

China studies in Germany has undergone great changes since the 1960s. Influenced by burgeoning area studies in the United States, German scholarship shifted from traditional philological studies focused on translating and interpreting Chinese classics to practical studies of modern Chinese politics, economy, law, etc. Hence, there was also a shift in research methodologies to those of the social sciences. However, this shift, significant as it is, can never replace traditional Sinological studies aimed at Chinese history and classics. This paper uses Chinese history as an example to explore the development of German academic Sinology. It points out that research in traditional Sinology, as well as in modern China studies, no longer focuses on a particular discipline, but rather follows the trend toward interdisciplinary, comprehensive research. Hence we can expect that China studies will become increasingly decentralized and interactive in the future development of the field.