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Based on the cam-roller pair of an internal combustion engine, a mathematical model of transient thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication under finite line-contact and the corresponding numerical solver have been established. Under an actual load spectrum and other working parameters from an industry partner, the detailed lubrication performance of the cam-roller pair has been obtained in a cam rotation cycle. Particularly, the influences of the roller convexity, the roller tilting and the skidding between cam and roller on the contact pair lubrication are presented. The lubrication performance of the cam-roller pair depends on the roller convexity markedly, and an optimal roller convexity can effectively reduce the probability of the lubrication film rupture and improve the uniformity of pressure distribution in the contact zone. The roller tilting can worsen the lubrication of the contact zone, and increase the possibility of lubrication failure. If the tilting is taken into consideration at the beginning of the roller convexity design, its negative effect can be effectively alleviated to a certain extent. The skidding results in noticeable increase in temperature and friction coefficient, which can deteriorate the contact zone lubrication. The results provide some theoretical data basis for the lubrication design of cam-roller pairs.

We study the nature of the debated thermal Hall effect in the candidate Kitaev material $α$-RuCl$_3$. Without assuming the existence of a gapped spin liquid, we show that a realistic minimal spin model in the canted zigzag phase suffices, at the level of linear spin-wave theory, to qualitatively explain the observed temperature and magnetic field dependence of the non-quantized thermal Hall conductivity $κ_{xy}$, with its origin lying in the Berry curvature of the magnon bands. The magnitude of the effect is however too small compared to the measurement by Czajka et al. [Nat. Mater. 22, 36-41 (2023)], even after scanning a broad range of model parameters so as to maximize $κ_{xy}/T$. Recent experiments suggest that phonons play an important role, which we show couple to the spins, endowing phonons with chirality. The resulting intrinsic contribution, from both magnons and phonons, is however still insufficient to explain the observed magnitude of the Hall signal. After careful analysis of the extrinsic phonon mechanisms, we use the recent experimental data on thermal transport in $α$-RuCl$_3$ by Lefrançois et al. [Phys. Rev. X 12, 021025 (2022)] to determine the phenomenological ratio of the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions $η\equiv κ_{xy}^{E}/κ_{xy}^{I}$. We find $η=1.2\pm 0.5$, which when combined with our computed intrinsic value, explains quantitavely both the magnitude and detailed temperature dependence of the experimental thermal Hall effect in $α$-RuCl$_3$., 15 pages, 10 figures (including Supplementary Materials)

Frustrated spin-systems have traditionally proven challenging to understand, owing to a scarcity of controlled methods for their analyses. By contrast, under strong magnetic fields, certain aspects of spin systems admit simpler and universal description in terms of hardcore bosons. The bosonic formalism is anchored by the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), which has helped explain the behaviors of a wide range of magnetic compounds under applied magnetic fields. Here, we focus on the interplay between frustration and externally applied magnetic field to identify instances where the BEC paradigm is no longer applicable. As a representative example, we consider the antiferromagnetic $J_1 - J_2 - J_3$ model on the square lattice in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field, and demonstrate that the frustration-driven suppression of the N\'{e}el order leads to a Lifshitz transition for the hardcore bosons. In the vicinity of the Lifshitz point, the physics becomes unmoored from the BEC paradigm, and the behavior of the system, both at and below the saturation field, is controlled by a Lifshitz multicritical point. We obtain the resultant universal scaling behaviors, and provide strong evidence for the existence of a frustration and magnetic-field driven correlated bosonic liquid state along the entire phase boundary separating the N\'{e}el phase from other magnetically ordered states., Comment: 6 pages; 5 figures; v2) updated references, typos fixed, supplemental information added as ancillary file

Inverse problems with spatiotemporal observations are ubiquitous in scientific studies and engineering applications. In these spatiotemporal inverse problems, observed multivariate time series are used to infer parameters of physical or biological interests. Traditional solutions for these problems often ignore the spatial or temporal correlations in the data (static model), or simply model the data summarized over time (time-averaged model). In either case, the data information that contains the spatiotemporal interactions is not fully utilized for parameter learning, which leads to insufficient modeling in these problems. In this paper, we apply Bayesian models based on spatiotemporal Gaussian processes (STGP) to the inverse problems with spatiotemporal data and show that the spatial and temporal information provides more effective parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification (UQ). We demonstrate the merit of Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling for inverse problems compared with traditional static and time-averaged approaches using a time-dependent advection-diffusion partial different equation (PDE) and three chaotic ordinary differential equations (ODE). We also provide theoretic justification for the superiority of spatiotemporal modeling to fit the trajectories even it appears cumbersome (e.g. for chaotic dynamics)., Comment: 38 pages, 23 figures

Additional file 1: Table S1. Agents used in the FCM. Figure S1. FACS gating of DCs and correlative subsets. The FACS gating strategy was listed as following: first, DCs were gated as Gate 1; then, CD80+/CD86+ cells were gated as Gate 2, which was gathered in the lower-right quadrant. The correlative subsets were gated with the similar strategy. DCs were gated as Gate 1; then, CD11c+ cells were gated as Gate 2, CD8a+ cells were gated as Gate 3, and CD11b+ cells were gated as Gate4. Figure S2. CD40 Ab and OK-432 synergistically activate the expression of CD80. A, B. Identification of dendritic cells (DCs). DC-associated markers (CD8α, CD80, CD86, CD11c, and CD11b) were employed to identify the subset of DCs, which was achieved by FCM. DCs marked by the co-stimulatory signals (CD80, CD86) are more than 85%. 36.7% were marked by DCs defining marker CD11c, among of which 12.9% were CD11b-marked cells. And these markers defined the DC subset that is committed to play critical role in T cell activation. C, D. CD40 Ab and OK-432 synergistically activate the expression of CD80. The experiment was performed in six groups, including three control groups: Neg-Ctrl (without any agent), Ag-Ctrl (with anergic antigen), and TNF-α (positive control), and three test groups: CD40 Ab, OK-432, and 40432 group (combinational group, CD40 Ab and OK-432). Compared to the control groups (Neg-Ctrl, Ag-Ctrl, and TNF-α), expression of CD80 can be separately improved by CD40 Ab, and OK-432, and the synergistic group 40432 was most significantly improved. Figure S3. FACS gating of T cells and correlative subsets. The FACS gating strategy was listed as following: first, T cells were gated as Gate 1; then, CD8+ cells were gated as Gate 2. CD4+ cells were gated as Gate 2, Foxp3+ cells were gated as Gate 3.

ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the relationship of thyroid function and resistance indices with subsequent risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).DesignThis was a longitudinal study embedded in the Huizhou Birth Cohort.MethodsA total of 2,927 women of singleton pregnancy were recruited from January to October of 2019. Thyroid central resistance indices were evaluated by Thyroid Feedback Quartile-Based index (TFQI), Thyrotrophy T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI), and TSH Index (TSHI) based on plasma-free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during the first half of pregnancy. Thyroid peripheral sensitivity was assessed by free triiodothyronine (FT3) to FT4 ratio (FT3/FT4), a proxy of deiodinase activity. GDM was diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation by a standardized 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Multivariable linear and logistic regression was applied to examine the associations of thyroid markers with GDM risk.ResultsFT3 and FT3/FT4 were positively associated with both fasting and post-load glucose levels, while TSH, TSHI, TT4RI, and TFQI were negatively associated with 1 and 2 h post-load glucose levels. Compared with the lowest quartile, GDM risk in the highest quartile increased by 44% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.44; 95%CI, 1.08–1.92; ptrend = 0.027] for FT3 and 81% (OR = 1.81; 95%CI, 1.33–2.46; ptrend < 0.001) for FT3/FT4, while it lowered by 37% (OR = 0.63; 95%CI, 0.47–0.86; ptrend = 0.002] for TSHI, 28% for TT4RI (OR = 0.72; 95%CI, 0.54–0.97; ptrend = 0.06), and 37% for TFQI (OR = 0.63; 95%CI, 0.46–0.85; ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionsThis longitudinal study indicated that higher FT3 and FT3/FT4 and lower central thyroid resistance indices were associated with increased risk of GDM.

The fabrication of aptamers on DNA nanostructures through the DNA origami method has shown great potential for in vitro and in vivo tumor targeting delivery. Herein, tetrahedral multivalent DNA (Td) nanocages modified with different numbers of MUC1-aptamers (nApt-Td) were obtained via the self-assembly of nucleic acid backbones containing the aptamer DNA fragment without complicated chemical modification steps. Then, doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated in the modified nApt-Td nanocages via non-covalent interactions. Due to the specific identification of the aptamers, the intracellular uptake studies demonstrated that the multivalent modified aptamers on the vertex of Td significantly enhanced the intracellular uptake efficiency in MCF-7 tumor cells, but reduce that of normal cells. The number of aptamers had a significant influence on the intracellular uptake efficiency of Td nApt-Td. Furthermore, improved in vivo systemic safety and decreased systemic toxicity accompanied with effective tumor inhibition were also demonstrated compared with the anti-tumor efficiency of free DOX.

Revised Supplemental Materials: Serum TMAO and incident type 2 diabetes

Co-located multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar is one kind of new style radar, whose transmitting waveforms of each sub-array are orthogonal to each other. Compared with phased array radar, its beam width is wider. Therefore, different targets may be illuminated simultaneously with one beam in co-located MIMO radar. An adaptive resource management in tracking for co-located MIMO radar is proposed, where the sub-array number, the illuminated targets set and the transmitting waveform of the system can be controlled. The optimal parameters are chosen according to a cost function that takes both the desired tracking precision and consumed energy into consideration. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Using the algorithm, co-located MIMO radar can achieve the desired tracking precision with less cost compared with phased array radar.

The performance of different forcing datasets for trajectory prediction in the South China Sea and the sensitivity of prediction accuracy from selected datasets and model-based methods have been studied using Lagrangian models. Seven global ocean forecast or reanalysis forcing datasets including three current forcing datasets (CMEMS, CMEMS-R, and GlobCurrent), three wind forcing datasets (NCEP, ERA5, and IFREMER) and one waves forcing dataset (MFWAM) were selected to advect the virtual drifters for modeling the drift trajectories of dummies and SVP drifters in four experimental regions. We use an integrated analysis framework to conduct several holistic prediction experiments, evaluate quantitatively the accuracy of trajectory prediction using statistical indicators and FSLE analysis, and to further estimate the uncertainty factors from data and model levels. The experimental results show that the CMEMS-R can meet the needs of trajectory prediction of dummies within 48 hours in Region 1, but neither CMEMS nor CMEMS-R can better follow the complex ocean current pattern in Region 2, which leads to the poor results of the 24-hour trajectory prediction driven by CMEMS or CMEMS-R. In the deep water regions (Region 3-4), the performance of the GlobCurrent derived from satellite-observations for modeling the trajectories of SVP drifters is comparable with the CMEMS in general, and shows obvious advantages in Region 3, even though CMEMS has a finer spatial and temporal resolution. The two wind forcing datasets, ERA5 and IFREMER, show roughly similar performance in the trajectory prediction in Region 1. Compared with the significant difference between current forcing datasets, the three wind forcing datasets have relatively consistent temporal and spatial variations in the other three experimental regions. In four experimental regions, the separation distance between the simulated and actual trajectories increases in a uniform linear mode with mean separation velocity. In general, the selection of current forcing fields has more influence on the trajectory prediction of the three types of floating objects than other factors. The ocean current pattern represented by related current forcing datasets is the key to this essential influence.

Supplement 1 for the article

Supplement 1 for the article

Purpose A meta-analysis to compare iris-claw intraocular lens (IC-IOL) and scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens (SF-PCIOL) implantations in correcting aphakia without sufficient capsular support. Methods Eligible studies were collected through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The pooled relative risks (RR), pooled standardized mean difference (SMD), and their 95% confidence interval of the eligible studies were then calculated. Seven studies met our inclusion criteria, involving 232 and 158 eyes in IC-IOL and SF-PCIOL groups, respectively. Results The pooled SMD of the mean postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (logMAR) was -0.25. The pooled RR of the eyes achieving 20/40 or better postoperatively was 1.16. The pooled SMD of the surgical time was -2.97. The pooled RR of the surgical complications was 0.86. The pooled RR of IOL dislocation, retinal detachment (RD), and cystoid macular edema (CME) between the two groups were 0.22, 0.63, and 0.64. Conclusions Implantation of IC-IOL has a more simple procedure and shorter learning curve than SF-PCIOL implantation in correcting aphakia without sufficient capsular support.

Problems with water resources security (WRS) resulting from water scarcity are occurring worldwide, and the most feasible solution to such problems is to increase the productivity of limited water resources through rational water use allocation within the affected region. In this study, an optimal water allocation model (OWAM) based on WRS assessment was developed and applied to improve the water use benefits in Zhangjiakou Region of northern China in 2020. The OWAM was an optimal linear programming model that comprehensively considered eco-environmental and socio-economic benefits. Some WRS assessment indicators that can be easily adjusted, including the ratio of ecological water to total water demand, surface water pollution index, exploitation ratio of water resources, water supply per capita, industrial water scarcity, and agricultural water scarcity, were incorporated into the OWAM as constraining conditions. The model had different solutions corresponding to four WRS statuses (quite safe, basically safe, unsafe, and extremely unsafe). The results indicated that optimal water allocation determined using this model met the domestic and environmental water demand, and led to increased water use benefits within the region when compared with before allocation. The benefits of basically safe status were bigger than those of unsafe status. In contrast to the conventional OWAM, the developed model could help to assure sustainable water use at the regional scale when used in combination with WRS assessment.

The Remund-Long (RL) Multi-Sensor Sea Ice Classification algorithm� combines both radiometer and scatterometer data using Principle Component Analysis and reduces the dimensionality and noise level of the data. The algorithm uses an iterative Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) method based on a multi-variant Gaussian model with a temporal prior. As a result, the algorithm successfully classifies Winter Antarctic region into five different ice types. However, due to the nature of this pixel wise classification algorithm, the final classification is more likely to be corrupted by slat-pepper-shaped artifacts. Such artifacts are introduced by the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithm which utilizes multi-swath raw scatterometer data to generate high resolution images. In order to resolve such problem in RL algorithm, posterior distribution function with spatial prior is embedded into the classification process. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method is one way to sample such posterior distribution of the state space in which each element of the space has the size of an entire image. This report gives a brief introduction to the concept of Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MH MCMC) algorithm, discusses its implementation on polar sea ice classification, and compares the result with the RL algorithm.