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Total laryngectomy affects the speaking functions of many patients. Speech deprivation has great impacts on the quality of life of patients, especially on self-efficacy. Learning esophageal speech represents a way to help laryngectomees speak again. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of collective esophageal speech training on self-efficacy of laryngectomees. In this study, 28 patients and 30 family members were included. The participants received information about training via telephone or a WeChat group. Collective esophageal speech training was used to educate laryngectomees on esophageal speech. Before and after collective esophageal speech training, all participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to assess their perceptions on self-efficacy. Through the training, laryngectomees recovered their speech. After the training, the self-efficacy scores of laryngectomees were higher than those before the training, with significant differences noted (T

We consider a very general interacting branching process which includes most of the important interacting branching models considered so far. After obtaining some key preliminary results, we first obtain some elegant conditions regarding regularity and uniqueness. Then the extinction vector is obtained which is very easy to be calculated. The mean extinction time and the conditional mean extinction time are revealed. The meanexplosion time and the total mean life time of the processes are also investigated and resolved.

This paper considers the first effective disaster occurrence time for $n$-type Markov branching processes with salvation and disasters. Some properties of the generating functions for $n$-type Markov branching processes with salvation and disasters are firstly investigated in detail. By using the generating functions of the corresponding $Q$ matrix, explicit formulae for Laplace transform of its probability density function, expectation and variance are obtained. Some asymptotic properties of its expectation are also studied.

Point cloud filtering is one of the key steps of airborne LiDAR point data processing. Most traditional methods obtain satisfactory effects just for several specific terrain types. However, ground filtering on the point cloud of complex or mixed terrain types faces a huge challenge. Therefore, a new point cloud filtering method based on grid ground saliency division was proposed. As the point clouds were organized with virtual grid, a ground saliency division based on elevation was performed on the scanning line of point clouds. For different types of grids, different filtering processes were employed to segment point clouds into ground points and non-ground points according to the ground saliency value. Compared with other classical methods, the proposed method avoids the iterative encryption process, and the curved surface was used to fit local terrain in those undulating area, which has better adaptability in complex and mixed terrains with limited increase of computational cost, and generates a set of ground points with high reliability.

In this paper, the convolution neural network with large block input and small block output was used to extract road. To reflect the complex road characteristics in the study area, a deep convolution neural network VGG19 was conducted for road extraction. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of different sizes of input block, output block and the extraction effect, the votes of deep convolutional neural networks was used as the final road prediction. The study image was from GF-2 panchromatic and multi-spectral fusion in Yinchuan. The precision of road extraction was 91%. The experiments showed that model averaging can improve the accuracy to some extent. At the same time, this paper gave some advice about the choice of input block size and output block size.

We consider properties regarding decay parameter and invariant measures for unstable Markovian bulk-arrival Queues with control at idle time. The exact value of the decay parameter, denoted by λZ, is firstly revealed. An elegant criterion regarding λZ-recurrence and λZ-positive is obtained. The corresponding subinvariant and invariant measures are considered and the structure of all the subinvariant and invariant measures are presented.

In this paper, we mainly consider the branching 性质 and decay properties of$n$-type Markov branching processes with immigration. The equivalent 条件 ofthe branching and immigration 性质 are firstly obtained. The exact value of the decay parameter,denoted by $\lambda_Z$ is obtained. The corresponding $\lambda_Z$-invariant vectors/measures and quasi-stationary distribution are discussed.

The innovation-driven development strategy was put forward in the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. To enhance the innovation capacity is the most fundamental thing, to improve the civic scientific literacy level is the most basic thing for the innovation-driven development strategy. Therefore, to strengthen the construction of civic scientific literacy has become one of the hottest agendas for the government and people from all walks of life. Given this situation, how to monitor and evaluate civic science literacy construction work fairly and reasonably becomes important. In order to solve this problem, based on China's science popularization statistics, the paper mainly uses the quantitative research method to establish civic scientific literacy construction monitoring index system from the aspects of the personnel, the venues and facilities, the funds, the media and the activities for science popularization, etc.

A loose coupling method is proposed to analyze electromagnetic forming with solenoid coil. Analysis of electromagnetic field is conducted by ANSYS/Emag, structural field is solved by explicit module ANSYS/Lsdyna, and data transfer from electromagnetic field o structural field is realized by APDL program Time-space distribution of magnetic pressure and discharge voltage, tube thickness and gap are obtained. Effect of discharge voltage, gap between coil and tube and tube thickness on electromagnetic forming are discussed respectively.

In this paper, we consider $n$-type Markov branching processes with immigration and resurrection. The uniqueness criteria are first established. Then, a new method is found and the explicit expression of extinction probability is successfully obtained in the absorption case, the mean extinction time is also given. The recurrence and ergodicity criteria are given if the state ${\bf 0}$ is not absorptive. Finally, if the resurrection rates are same as the immigration rates, the branching property and decay property are discussed in detail, it is shown that the process is a superimposition of a $n$-type branching process and an immigration. The exact value of the decay parameter $\lambda_Z$ is given for the irreducible class ${\bf Z}_+^n$. Moreover, the corresponding $\lambda_Z$-invariant measures/vectors and quasi-distributions are presented., Comment: 31pages

The bluetongue virus (BTV) NS1 protein is one of the major proteins synthesized during BTV infection and is responsible for the generation of virus-specific tubules. Although some functional and structural studies on the BTV NS1 protein have been reported, there have been no reports describing the linear B-cell epitopes recognized by humoral immune responses published to date. In this study, 25 BTV12 NS1-reactive monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal antisera (polyclonal antibodies, PAbs) were generated and analyzed. We identified 14 linear NS1 epitopes recognized by the PAbs and MAbs using NS1-derived peptides in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, we predicted 23 linear B-cell epitopes using the ABCpred online server which employs an artificial neural network. Analysis of the predicted and identified epitopes of NS1 demonstrated the feasibility of B-cell epitope prediction. Sequence alignments indicated that the epitopes recognized by MAbs are highly conserved among BTV serotypes, but not among the other members of the genus Orbivirus, such as the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), and Chuzan disease virus (CV). Importantly, we identified specific MAbs that recognized all BTV serotypes tested as well as MAbs that recognized only BTV12, suggesting that these NS1-specific MAbs could serve as a basis for BTV diagnostic approaches. The generation and identification of NS1 protein epitopes will provide the foundation for further studies about the function and structure of NS1 and novel epitope-based vaccines.

This paper describes an ion source with hollow cold cathode discharge. This source is simple regarding structure and power supply. Its working temperature can reach 1700°C. Therefore it is able to produce ion beams of various elements and negative ion beams of some other elements. We developed a hollow cold cathode ion source (HCCIS) [1] in 1983. Since then the structure of the source has been improved, its function has been extended considerably and the size reduced (the weight is less than 1 kg).