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Background To explore the effect and mechanism of action of miR-210 on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) in ovariectomized rats in vivo. Methods An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established by ovariectomy. Tail vein injection was performed to overexpress and knock down miR-210 in OVX rats, followed by the collection of blood and femoral tissues from each group of rats. And quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to assess the expression level of miR-210 in femoral tissues of each group. Micro computed tomography (Micro CT) was adopted to scan the microstructure of the femoral trabecula in each group to obtain relevant data like bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone surface-to-volume ratio (BS/BV), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). ELISA was used for determining the level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), osteocalcin (OCN), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) in serum; and Western blot for the protein level of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) in femoral tissues. Results MiR-210 expression was significantly decreased in femoral tissues of OVX rats. Overexpression of miR-210 could obviously increase BMD, BMC, BV/TV and Tb.Th, whereas significantly decrease BS/BV and Tb.Sp in femurs of OVX rats. Moreover, miR-210 also downregulated BALP and CTX-1 level, upregulated PINP and OCN level in the serum of OVX rats promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related markers (Runx2, OPN and COL1A1) in the femur of OVX rats. Additionally, further pathway analysis revealed that high expression of miR-210 activated the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/Notch1 signaling pathway in the femur of OVX rats. Conclusion High expression of miR-210 may improve the micromorphology of bone tissue and modulate bone formation and resorption in OVX rats by activating the VEGF/Notch1 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating osteoporosis. Consequently, miR-210 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal rats.

Additional file 2. Supplementary Table S1. Search strategy. Supplementary Table S2. NOS score. Figure S1. Measurement of CTR, CTR was defined as the maximum size of consolidation to the maximum tumor size in the lung window on computed tomography of the chest with or without IV contrast. CTR, consolidation to tumor ratio. Figure S2. Forest plot for the relationship between CTR and overall survival in stage I patients. CTR, consolidation to tumor ratio. Figure S3. Forest plot for the relationship between CTR and DFS/RFS/PFS in stage I patients. CTR, consolidation to tumor ratio; DFS, disease-free survival; RFS, recurrence-free survival; PFS, progression-free survival.

Supplementary Material 1

Additional file 3. Questionnaire on IVF couples.

Additional file 1. Instructions for participants.

Additional file 2. Questionnaire on public.

Additional file 7.

Additional file 7.

Additional file 6.

Additional file 6.

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures and Tables.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, Gelatinase B), an extracellular-acting Zn2+-dependent endopeptidase, are involved in brain pathologies including ischemia, glioma, and epilepsy. Recent studies suggested that MMP-9 plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, specifically in learning and memory. To determine whether and how MMP-9 plays role in alcohol-related behaviors, male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure for 4 weeks, following which we collected tissue samples from the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala at different stages (acute and chronic exposure) during alcohol exposure. Real-time PCR and western blot assays were used to detect changes in the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-9. Our results indicated that both acute and chronic alcohol exposure induced up-regulation of MMP-9 mRNA levels in the hippocampus and mPFC, but not in the amygdala. Furthermore, acute and chronic alcohol exposure up regulated the expression of total MMP-9 and active MMP-9 in these two brain regions. Moreover, the increase of active MMP-9 expression was larger than those in total MMP-9 expression. Immunoprecipitation analyses identified potential MMP-9-interacting proteins, including Itgb1, Src, Eef1a2, tubulin, actin, and histone H2B. These results demonstrate that both acute and CIE exposure induced increases in MMP-9 expression in the mPFC and hippocampus, suggesting that MMP-9 plays a key role in chronic alcohol exposure and dependence.

Physical exertion monitoring has been strongly emphasized to avert the ill-effects of physically demanding nature of many industries such as construction. Recently, several sensors-based approaches have been suggested as an alternative to traditional subjective feedback-based methods. Although the proposed sensor-based approaches have laid the foundation for automated physical exertion monitoring, they require multiple on-body and/or off-body sensors to collect psychological, physiological, acceleration/posture or weather-related data. As such, multiple on-body sensors may instigate irritation and discomfort whereas other off-body sensors require additional resources for handling and managing them. To address these limitations, taking a minimalistic approach, this study explored the use of heart rate variability (HRV) metrics which could be computed from a single electrocardiogram or optical sensor (often found in fitness wrist bands and smart watches). For this purpose, manual material handling experiments were conducted while state-of-the-art HRV features were used to perform physical exertion monitoring with ensemble classifiers and artificial neural network (ANN) based regression analysis. The results indicate that ensemble classifiers achieved accuracies from 64.2% to 81.2%, depending on the number of levels in which physical exertion data was divided, whereas ANN regression achieved the least root mean square error of 1.651. Given the wide availability of HRV sensors in fitness bands and wrist watches, this study highlights the usability and limitations of HRV based physical exertion monitoring which could help make informed decisions related to its adoption in physically demanding industries such as construction.

Broadband super-resolution imaging is important in optical field. To achieve super-resolution imaging, various lenses from superlens to solid immersion lens have been designed and fabricated in recent years. However, the imaging is unsatisfactory due to low work efficiency and narrow band. In this work, we propose a solid immersion square Maxwell's fish-eye lens which realizes broadband (7-16GHz) achromatic super-resolution imaging with full width at half maximum around 0.2 wavelength based on transformation optics at microwave frequencies. In addition, a super-resolution information transmission channel is also designed to realize long-distance multi-source super-resolution information transmission based on the super-resolution lens.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of Included randomized controlled trials. Note: Abbreviations: pts., patients; RCT, randomized controlled trial; DB, double blind; OL, open-label; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; P-DVT, proximal deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism; C-DVT, calf deep vein thrombosis; TRF, temporary risk factors; PRF, permanent risk factors; VTE, venous thromboembolism; INR, international normalized ratio, mo, month.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Subgroup network-meta analysis estimates of during (A) /after (B) treatment duration for VTE patients.

Additional file 1.

Survey questionnaire. The questionnaire includes 3 sections that collect general information (Section 1: gender, age group, job position), Psychosocial working conditions (Section 2: JCQ, ERIQ), Stress perception (Section 3: PSS-10), and events of needle-stick injury (Section 3) from study participants. (DOCX 25 kb)

Background inward sodium current (IB,Na) that influences cardiac pacemaking has been comparatively under-investigated. The aim of this study was to determine for the first time the properties and role of IB,Na in cells from the heart's secondary pacemaker, the atrioventricular node (AVN). Myocytes were isolated from the AVN of adult male rabbits and mice using mechanical and enzymatic dispersion. Background current was measured using whole-cell patch clamp and monovalent ion substitution with major voltage- and time-dependent conductances inhibited. In the absence of a selective pharmacological inhibitor of IB,Na, computer modelling was used to assess the physiological contribution of IB,Na. Net background current during voltage ramps was linear, reversing close to 0 mV. Switching between Tris- and Na+-containing extracellular solution in rabbit and mouse AVN cells revealed an inward IB,Na, with an increase in slope conductance in rabbit cells at − 50 mV from 0.54 ± 0.03 to 0.91 ± 0.05 nS (mean ± SEM; n = 61 cells). IB,Na magnitude varied in proportion to [Na+]o. Other monovalent cations could substitute for Na+ (Rb+ > K+ > Cs+ > Na+ > Li+). The single-channel conductance with Na+ as charge carrier estimated from noise-analysis was 3.2 ± 1.2 pS (n = 6). Ni2 + (10 mM), Gd3 + (100 μM), ruthenium red (100 μM), or amiloride (1 mM) produced modest reductions in IB,Na. Flufenamic acid was without significant effect, whilst La3 + (100 μM) or extracellular acidosis (pH 6.3) inhibited the current by > 60%. Under the conditions of our AVN cell simulations, removal of IB,Na arrested spontaneous activity and, in a simulated 1D-strand, reduced conduction velocity by ~ 20%. IB,Na is carried by distinct low conductance monovalent non-selective cation channels and can influence AVN spontaneous activity and conduction., Highlights • A background sodium current, IB,Na, has been identified in cells from the atrioventricular node (AVN). • AVN IB,Na is carried by non-selective cation channels. • The single channel conductance derived from ‘noise analysis’ is 3.2 ± 1.2 pS. • In AVN cell simulations, removal of IB,Na arrested spontaneous activity and reduced conductance in a 1D strand.

Disulfiram (DSF), widely used for treating alcohol abuse, is a promising antitumour drug that inhibits tumour cell viability, reverses cancer drug resistance and induces apoptosis. However, its potential side effects on cardiomyocytes remain unknown. This study demonstrated that DSF can not only inhibit cardiomyocyte viability and activity but also promote cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we revealed that cardiomyocytes were more sensitive to DSF than cancer cells. Moreover, the expression of STAT3, a key regulator of cardiomyocyte viability, was significantly down-regulated in cardiomyocytes treated with DSF. Finally, we also used experimental comparisons to indicate that PEG is a promising solvent for decreasing the adverse side effects of DSF, thereby expanding its potential range of clinical applications.

A new INAA (instrumental neutron activation analysis) automatic measurement system has been established at China advanced research reactor. Three HPGe spectrometers can be working simultaneously at 24 h a day. The sample rabbit contains an RFID (radio frequency identification) tag which is used for identifying and/or tracing the sample route or location. The automation system controlled by software Kingview6.55 and programmable logic controller is mainly composed of four parts, sample counting system, sample driving system, samples holder and sample exchanger.

This thesis introduces corpus-based practices and studies in translation, including monocorpus, parallel corpus and web (as corpus) using in translation. Making an effective query on internet has been demonstrated in this thesis by WebCONC, Webcorp and KWiCFinder alike, and 9 corpus tools have also been listed in the thesis to facilitate translation practices and studies.

Kinship verification from facial images is a very challenging research topic. Differing from most of previous methods focusing on calculating a similarity metric, in this work, we utilize convolutional neural network and autoencoder to learn deep relational features for verifying kinship from facial images. Specifically, we firstly train a convolutional neural network to extract representative facial features, which derive from the last fully-connected layer in network. Then, facial features from two person are set as two ends of an autoencoder respectively, and relational features are extracted from the middle layer of the trained autoencoder. Finally, SVM classifiers are adopted to verify kinship (e.g., Father-Son). Experimental results on two public datasets show the effectiveness of the approach proposed in this work.

Multi-target tracking (MTT) is a research hotspot of wireless sensor networks at present. A self-organized dynamic cluster task allocation scheme is used to implement collaborative task allocation for MTT in WSN and a special cluster member (CM) node selection method is put forward in the scheme. An energy efficiency model was proposed under consideration of both energy consumption and remaining energy balance in the network. A tracking accuracy model based on area-sum principle was also presented through analyzing the localization accuracy of triangulation. Then, the two models mentioned above were combined to establish dynamic cluster member selection model for MTT where a comprehensive performance index function was designed to guide the CM node selection. This selection was fulfilled using genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that this method keeps both energy efficiency and tracking quality in optimal state, and also indicate the validity of genetic algorithm in implementing CM node selection.

Embedding the security mechanism into the device is the core of self-securing, on purpose to provide the device with the ability of self-defense. Currently, security of portable storage device is commonly depends on the host, which makes the data easy to be attacked or stolen. Researches on self-securing mechanism on portable device are few. In order to improve the safety of those devices, we proposed the prototype design of self-securing portable storage device based on the framework of ARM+Linux. Combined with access control, intrusion detection based on storage and data encryption/decryption, it can protect data availability, integrity and confidentiality effectively. Since we have expanded researches on self-securing mechanism of portable storage devices, this prototype design is promising to be one kind of trend of intelligent storage.

For the study of nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a pair of gears in an external torque under gear meshing error excitation, we will establish two degrees of freedom nonlinear torsional vibration model. The use of Matlab / Simulink for numerical simulation solves the nonlinear dynamic model of the gear gap. Study the dynamic characteristics of the system in a certain domain of parameters on external incentive conditions, as well as external motivation of gear transmission system dynamic characteristics influence. The results have important practical value for future engineering practice on gear transmission system's dynamic design, and have important theoretical significance for complex gear transmission system dynamics study.

The earliest stage of defective cerebellar morphology in Lrp5/6 dCKO mice. (a-d) Nissl staining shows that failure of cerebellar foliation is not evident in the dCKO mice at P0 (b) but is observed at P3 (d) compared to control mice (a, c). (e-h) Pax6 expression in control and Lrp5/6 dCKO mice at P0 (e, g) and P3 (f, h). EGL, external granule layer. Scale bars, 500 μm in (d) and applies to (a-c), and 25 μm in (h) and applies to (e-g). (PDF 400 kb)

The earliest stage of defective cerebellar morphology in Lrp5/6 dCKO mice. (a-d) Nissl staining shows that failure of cerebellar foliation is not evident in the dCKO mice at P0 (b) but is observed at P3 (d) compared to control mice (a, c). (e-h) Pax6 expression in control and Lrp5/6 dCKO mice at P0 (e, g) and P3 (f, h). EGL, external granule layer. Scale bars, 500 μm in (d) and applies to (a-c), and 25 μm in (h) and applies to (e-g). (PDF 400 kb)

This paper presents an automatic foreground segmentation algorithm for stereo image pair captured by a dual-camera system. Being different from the monocular image, binocular images contain the disparity map between the stereo image pair. For the disparity map is computationally expensive, our approach adopts the residual image with spatial displacement ( , ) to segment the initial trimap automatically. From the residual image, rough region of foreground is clustered as the initial trimap of GrabCut algorithm. Compared with a rectangular region, the calculated trimap is more accurate. After running GrabCut algorithm, the images are segmented into foreground and background layers that comprises of the front objects and back environment. Experimental segmentation results with the original images captured by the dual-camera system indicate that our approach is efficient and promising.

Combining the clonal selection mechanism of the immune system with the evolution equations of particle swarm optimization, an advanced algorithm was introduced for functions optimization. The advantages of this algorithm lies in two aspects. Via immunity operation, the diversity of the antibodies was maintained, and the speed of convergent was improved by using particle swarm evolution equations. Simulation programme and three functions were used to check the effect of the algorithm. The advanced algorithm were compared with clonal selection algorithm and particle swarm algorithm. The results show that this advanced algorithm can converge to the global optimum at a great rate in a given range, the performance of optimization is improved effectively.

The aim of designing a sensor scheduling scheme for target tracking in wireless sensor network is to improve the tracking accuracy, balance the network energy and prolong the network lifespan. It is viewed as a multi-objective optimization problem. A modified matrix-coded parallel genetic algorithm (MPGA) is proposed in which multiple subpopulations evolve synchronously and satify the specific constraint arised from the senario of multi-target tracking that a sensor can only track just one target. Simulation results show that MPGA, compared with traditional genetic algorithm, converges to the better result with higher speed when applied in multi-target tracking in wireless sensor network. And our proposed distributed sensor scheduling scheme based on MPGA outperforms than existed schemes.

A new dynamic solid sorbent personal air sampling method was developed for aldehyde vapors using the 1989 permissible exposure limits of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the threshold limit value time-weighted averages of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Vapors of known concentrations were generated in Tedlar gas bags. Chemisorption through reaction with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA) that coated Tenax GC solid sorbent in 200 mg/100 mg front-back sections in a Pyrex™ tube occurred during collection with a personal sampling pump operated at 10 or 50 mL/min over four to eight hours. The O-oxime derivative was desorbed quantitatively with Optima™ hexane, and an aliquot injected for gas chromatographic analysis on a nonpolar capillary column with mass spectrometric detection. Humidity had no effect on the recoveries (>70%) of valeraldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde, furfural, and crotonaldehyde vapors. Coefficients of variati...

m-sequence is the earliest pseudo random sequence that was used widely, it has good randomness and balance. But it has a disadvantage in the amount of address code. This paper puts forward a method which use at last two m-sequence to output in the order. The new sequence has good correlation function and it has a big promotion in the amount of address and the variety of the period that make it has extensive applications in CDMA and communication encryption.

Project management maturity is the reflection of enterprise project management level. Accurately evaluating project management maturity is significant for improving the competitiveness of Chinese construction companies. Firstly, combined with knowledge and characteristics of project management and enterprise practices, an enterprise project management maturity level model is proposed, and evaluation index system is established. Then considering the mining method based on neural networks has a good adaptability with incomplete information and the genetic algorithm has the characteristics of strong global search ability, two abovementioned methods are combined to evaluate project management maturity. Finally, the example proves the validity of the model.

The flow distribution property of gas-solid two-phase in Y-Shaped branch pipe was expatiated. The pneumatic conveying experiments for millet and micro-glass bead with density 1340 kg/m3 and 2510kg/m3, average particle diameter 2mm were carried out at horizontal Y-shaped branch pipe which were designed with one branch being unchanged (keeping 15°) and the other being changeable (the angle values are 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° respectively ). The flow distribution property was expressed by the ratio of the solid mass flowing in the changeable branch vs. the total mass of solid.

Diffusive sampling combined with thermal desorption (DSTD) is considered useful in monitoring workers' exposures to organic vapors, not only due to its simplicity of operation in the field but, also, its simplifying the sample treatment, eliminating the use of extracting solvent, and increasing analytical sensitivity. Herein, the feasibility of applying DSTD in field conditions was assessed through a comparison of the results with those from the well-accepted active/charcoal method. Side-by-side active and diffusive (tube-type, Tenax TA as the adsorbent) samples, both personal and area, were collected and analyzed for xylenes, ethyl acetate, styrene, and n-butyl acetate in four different industrial settings. Statistically significant correlations were found between the two methods in personal samples with the correlation coefficients of 0.92, 0.90, 0.83, 0.88, and 0.97 for mp-xylenes, o-xylene, n-butyl acetate, styrene, and ethyl acetate, respectively. A paired t-test revealed significant difference between the two methods for n-butyl acetate and styrene. For area sampling, statistical differences (p0.05) were found between the two methods, except for xylenes. The DSTD method had, mostly, a lower concentration than the active method, with the bias ranging from 10.2 to -54.4 percent. The possible causes for the discrepancies are discussed. These results suggest that though DSTD protocols can be considered as a simple approach for screening workers' exposures to volatile organics, they should be applied with caution since diffusive sampling is potentially affected by various environmental conditions and adsorptive characteristics.

In this work, we add a small amount of a guest-host dye G-206 in the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) mixtures to fabricate holographic gratings. Following formation, the grating is irradiated by a single Ar/sup +/ laser beam while probed by a He-Ne laser. Experimental results indicate that the first-order diffracted intensity of the probe beam significantly increases. Such an optically switchable diffraction effect is attributed to thermal expansion. The G-206 dye absorbs Ar/sup +/ laser, subsequently resulting in thermal expansion. The liquid crystal (LC) droplets are then squeezed so that the LC molecules within the droplets are reoriented collectively. Thus, the refractive index difference between the LC-rich and polymer-rich stripes, /spl Delta/n, increases.

Objective To find out whether a low ankle-brachial index can improve the prediction of and cardiovascular mortality on top of conventional risk factors remains unclear among patients with ischaemic heart disease. The present study was to assess the association between ankle-brachial index and mortality in Chinese patients. Methods An observational prospective study was conducted in which 1,800 Chinese patients aged ≥35 years were followed-up from 2004 to 2007–2008. Results There were 280 deaths, of which 165 were attributable to cardiovascular disease. Compared with patients with an ankle-brachial index ≥1.1, the risk of mortality increased linearly in lower ankle-brachial index categories: patients with an ankle-brachial index of 0.9 to 1.1, 0.7 to 0.9, Conclusions There was an inverse association between ankle-brachial index and mortality. Addition of ankle-brachial index significantly improved the prediction of 3-year mortality over and above that of conventional risk factors. We recommend that ankle-brachial index be incorporated into prognostic assessment for patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Studies on the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid from yolk lipoprotein induced by iron was curried out. A comparison of the experimental conditions for the model system of peroxidation was made. The system was successfully applied to determine the activity of the anti-oxidative activity of some effective ingredients of Chinese traditional medicine.

This study aimed to investigate the associations of chronic kidney disease (CKD), Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and their combined effect with all-cause and Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Chinese hypertensive patients. Chinese ankle brachial index (ABI) cohort study including 2992 hypertensive patients aged 35 years or older were enrolled in 2004 and implemented the follow-up visit in 2007. 2505 participants completed baseline and follow-up data. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. ABI was calculated at baseline by measuring systolic pressures on bilateral brachial and tibial arteries. Mortality surveillance was completed from December 2007 to February 2008. Survival analysis was used to compare survival rate in different CKD/PAD groups. The RR of death from all-cause and CVD were adjusted for potential confounders using a Cox regression model. The prevalence of PAD in hypertensive patients with and without CKD was 43.1% and 22.8%, with significant difference between them (p

Introduction The present study aimed to examine the epidemiological distribution and to develop the gender- and age-specific reference ranges of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in China. Materials and Methods A total of 21, 094 subjects (15–92 years) were recruited in a cross-sectional study which was conducted from June 2007 to June 2008 in China. The population was divided into 3 clinical subgroups in our study: (1) Subgroup 1: subjects with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; (2) Subgroup 2: subjects with atherosclerotic risk factors; (3) Subgroup 3: “healthy subjects” without any atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerotic risk factors. Results The average baPWV among subgroup 1 to 3 were 1,724.3±429.1, 1,603.5±358.8, and 1,389.9±288.4 cm/s, respectively. BaPWV as a variable was not fit of normal distribution in both genders. There was no significant difference between male and female for baPWV in subgroup 1 (p>0.05). While baPWV was higher in females than males in subgroup 2, it was lower in females than in males in subgroup 3 (all p Conclusions We should combine the reference ranges and the cutoff value of baPWV to screen and prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in clinical practices.

Objectives To investigate the current status of blood pressure (BP) treatment-goal in outpatients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China and to identify the independent risk factors of BP treatment goal achievement in these outpatients. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, participants with CHD aged ≥35 years were recruited from 66 hospitals from June 2006 to January 2007 in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Xinjiang in China. Results 68.6% of the subjects had hypertension (female 76.0% vs male 64.5%, p 2 , minority nationalities and use of statins. The OR of these risk factors were 1.423 (95% CI 1.171 to 1.729), 0.438 (95% CI 0.279 to 0.686) and 0.768 (95% CI 0.593 to 0.995), respectively. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery lesions were significantly higher in CHD outpatients with SBP Conclusion This survey demonstrated the success rate for achieving the BP target was low in Chinese CHD outpatients, especially in CHD outpatients with hypertension. BMI ≥23 kg/m 2 , minority nationalities and use of statins were the independent risks of achieving the BP target for CHD outpatients with hypertension.

1. 1. Periodate-oxidized 3-aminopyridine-adenine clinucleotide phosphate inhibited the proliferation of oral epithelium cancer and breast cancer cell lines. 2. 2. The fast growing less differentiated embryonic kidney cell was more affected by the reagent then the embryonic lung fibroblast cell. 3. 3. Incorporation of [3H]leucine of the treated cancer cells was inhibited. Incorporation of [3H]uridine was increased. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine was first increased and then decreased. 4. 4. Tumor malic enzyme activity was inhibited by the reagent; but the treated cells did not show any difference in malic enzyme or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels.