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Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-jtt-10.1177_1357633X231156631 for Effectiveness of patient decision aid supported shared decision-making intervention in in-person and virtual hybrid pulmonary rehabilitation in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial by Yuyu Jiang, Baiyila Nuerdawulieti, Zhongyi Chen, Jianlan Guo, Pingping Sun, Mengjie Chen and Jinping Li in Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-jtt-10.1177_1357633X231156631 for Effectiveness of patient decision aid supported shared decision-making intervention in in-person and virtual hybrid pulmonary rehabilitation in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial by Yuyu Jiang, Baiyila Nuerdawulieti, Zhongyi Chen, Jianlan Guo, Pingping Sun, Mengjie Chen and Jinping Li in Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare

Amyloid-β (Aβ) has long been considered as one of the most important pathogenic factors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the specific pathogenic mechanism of Aβ is still not completely understood. In recent years, the development of structural biology technology has led to new understandings about Aβ molecular structures, Aβ generation and clearance from the brain and peripheral tissues, and its pathological toxicity. The purpose of the review is to discuss Aβ metabolism and toxicity, and the therapeutic strategy of AD based on the latest progress in molecular structures of Aβ. The Aβ structure at the atomic level has been analyzed, which provides a new and refined perspective to comprehend the role of Aβ in AD and to formulate therapeutic strategies of AD.

Gas hydrate-based technology is a promising method for solidifying and sequestrating of CO2 gas into stratum sediments to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions and realize the exploitation of natural ...

The reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) problem involving discrete design variables and multi-working constraints is tackled with the consideration of the uncertainty factors in the optimal design of crawler crane’s lattice boom. In the optimization model, the uncertainties of material property, geometric parameters and loads are represented by random variables. The geometrical dimensions, performance functions’ reliability indexes and the minimum weight of lattice boom are defined respectively as the random design variables, probabilistic constraints and objective function. Integrating the reliability analysis method based on response surface method (RSM) with multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA), an efficient reliability-based design optimization process for the lattice boom is developed under the typical constrained working conditions. Several verification cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of optimization results. It is shown that the reliability-based design optimization method can not only satisfy the reliability constraints of the lattice boom, but also ensure the safety and economy of crawler crane boom as well as minimize the structure weight. The developed method is capable to be extended to the reliability-based design optimization of other large and complex construction machinery structures.

Traditional space heating methods in cold regions have the disadvantages such as low efficiency, high energy consumption and serious pollution. Therefore, a multiple renewable energy complementary heat pump system (MREHP) with solar energy, biomass energy and air heat as the main heat source is proposed. The system is mainly composed of solar collector unit, constant temperature biogas pool unit and heat pump unit. There are three modes for the system: air source (Mode 1), solar-air energy (Mode 2) and solar-biomass-air energy (Mode 3). The experimental platform was built in Lanzhou city of China. The average outdoor and indoor temperatures in three modes are −8.64 °C, −12.43 °C,-11.18 °C and 17.91 °C, 21.31 °C, 20.17 °C, respectively. The averages coefficient of performances (COP) of the heat pump are 1.70, 2.32 and 2.26, respectively. In Mode 1, air heat input accounted for 41.09%. The proportion of air heat input in Mode 2 is greatly reduced, only 17.02%, but solar energy input system accounts for 40.32%. In Mode 3, the energy input of air heat, solar energy and biomass energy are basically equal, which are 20.31%, 15.81% and 19.55%, respectively. The utilization of renewable energy in the three modes of proposed system accounts for 41.09%, 57.34% and 55.67%, respectively. Therefore, the power consumption can be reduced, which could save energy. The system can be conducive to build the distributed heating system based on renewable energy in rural area and relieve the problems such as serious environmental pollution caused by traditional heating methods.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Mean size and zeta potential of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Granularity and electric potential analysis of Tat/pGL3 and Tat/pGL3-Ca2+ particles. Fig. S2. High-concentration, long-term treatment with Tat/pGL3-Ca2+ nanoparticles triggers necrotic apoptosis. Fig. S3. Stability characteristics of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles in culture media or mice serum. Fig. S4. Unpackaging of Tat/pDNA complexes or Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles by heparin displacement of pDNA. Fig. S5. Tat/pGL3-Ca2+ nanoparticles mainly use macropinocytosis for uptake. Fig. S6. EIPA treatment inhibited the uptake and expression of Tat/pGL3-Ca2+ nanoparticles. Fig. S7. Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles do not interfere with sub-phase distribution of cell-cycle. Fig. S8. Construction of recombinant lentiviral plasmids for GRP75 over-expression (A) and knock-down (B). Fig. S9. Highly expression or phosphorylated activation of GRP75 promotes centrosome duplication in Cos7 cells, and GRP75 mainly localizes in duplicated centrosome. Fig. S10. Highly expression or phosphorylated activation of GRP75 promotes itself and Mps1 co-translocating to centrosome in Cos7 cells. Fig. S11. GRP75 and Mps1 co-localized with r-tubulin only in duplicating centrosome. Fig. S12. Quantification of apoptotic cells in ovarian tumor with different treatments. Fig. S13. H&E staining of hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, kidneys and tumor tissues from mice with different treatments.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221147363 for Cerebral blood flow regulates iron overload in the cerebral nuclei of hemodialysis patients with anemia by Huiying Wang, Chao Chai, Gemuer Wu, Jinping Li, Chenxi Zhao, Dingwei Fu, Shengtong Zhang, Huapeng Wang, Beini Wang, Jinxia Zhu, Wen Shen, Shuang Xia in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ijt-10.1177_10915818211069270 for miR-185-5p Represses Cells Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma via Targeting Cathepsin E by Yue Wu, Weili Zhou, Zhijun Yang, Jinping Li and Yi Jin in International Journal of Toxicology

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ijt-10.1177_10915818211069270 for miR-185-5p Represses Cells Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma via Targeting Cathepsin E by Yue Wu, Weili Zhou, Zhijun Yang, Jinping Li and Yi Jin in International Journal of Toxicology

Additional file 1. Interview guides for older patients with COPD and for HCPs.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-ijt-10.1177_10915818211069270 for miR-185-5p Represses Cells Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma via Targeting Cathepsin E by Yue Wu, Weili Zhou, Zhijun Yang, Jinping Li and Yi Jin in International Journal of Toxicology

Additional file 1. Fig. S1c. The raw data of Western blot experiment.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-ijt-10.1177_10915818211069270 for miR-185-5p Represses Cells Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma via Targeting Cathepsin E by Yue Wu, Weili Zhou, Zhijun Yang, Jinping Li and Yi Jin in International Journal of Toxicology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221147363 for Cerebral blood flow regulates iron overload in the cerebral nuclei of hemodialysis patients with anemia by Huiying Wang, Chao Chai, Gemuer Wu, Jinping Li, Chenxi Zhao, Dingwei Fu, Shengtong Zhang, Huapeng Wang, Beini Wang, Jinxia Zhu, Wen Shen, Shuang Xia in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Representative images for Transwell assay and flow cytometry. Cell invasion and apoptosis in response to oe-DNMT1, as detected by means of Transwell assay (A) and flow cytometry (B). Cell invasion and apoptosis in response to si-DNMT1 and miR-497 inhibitor alone or in combination, as detected by means of Transwell assay (C) and flow cytometry (D). Cell invasion and apoptosis in response to miR-497 mimic and GPRC5A alone or in combination, as detected by means of Transwell assay (E) and flow cytometry (F). Table S1. Primer sequences for RT-qPCR. Table S2. Antibody information. Table S3. methylation primer sequences used for MSP amplification and non-methylation reaction.

With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, hyperglycemia has become one of the most frequent diseases in the world. The current drug therapy may have some negative effects and even cause some complications. As one of the most popular functional ingredients, probiotic bacteria have been proven to play important roles in balancing the glucose homeostasis level in animal and human clinic trials. In this perspective, we sorted three types of probiotics, discussed probiotic safety evaluation, and listed the known probiotic functional foods that assist to control glucose homeostasis. Then, the further summarization of the mechanisms on how probiotic bacteria could regulate glucose homeostasis and the developing trend of probiotic functional foods were discussed.

Yanmei Dai,1 Huijie Jiang,1 Shi-Ting Feng,2 Yuwei Xia,3 Jinping Li,1 Sheng Zhao,1 Dandan Wang,1 Xu Zeng,1 Yusi Chen,1 Yanjie Xin,1 Dongmin Liu1 1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510030, People’s Republic of China; 3Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing City, 100192, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huijie Jiang; Shi-Ting Feng, Tel +86 86605576, Email jianghuijie@hrbmu.edu.cn; fengsht@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aims to develop a new model to more comprehensively and accurately predict the survival of patients with HCC after initial TACE.Patients and Methods: The whole cohort (n = 102) was randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort in the ratio of 8:2. The optimal radiomics signatures were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) regression for constructing the radscore to predict overall survival (OS). The C-index (95% confidence interval, CI), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The independent risk factors (hazard ratio, HR) for predicting OS were stratified by Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis and the Log rank test.Results: The median OS was 439 days (95% CI: 215.795– 662.205) in whole cohort, and in the training cohort and validation cohort, the median OS was 552 days (95% CI: 171.172– 932.828), 395 days (95% CI: 309.415– 480.585), respectively (P = 0.889). After multivariate cox regression, the combined radscore-clinical model was consisted of radscore (HR: 2.065, 95% CI: 1.285– 3.316; P = 0.0029) and post-response (HR: 1.880, 95% CI: 1.310– 2.697; P = 0.0007), both of which were independent risk factors for the OS. In the validation cohort, the efficacy of both the radscore (C-index: 0.769, 95% CI: 0.496– 1.000) and combined model (C-index: 0.770, 95% CI: 0.581– 0.806) were higher than that of the clinical model (C-index: 0.655, 95% CI: 0.508– 0.802). The calibration curve of the combined model for predicting OS presented good consistency between observations and predictions in both the training cohort and validation cohort.Conclusion: Noninvasive imaging has a good prediction performance of survival after initial TACE in patients with HCC. The combined model consisting of post-response and radscore may be able to better predict outcome.Keywords: computed tomography, hepatocellular carcinoma, overall survival, radiomics, transarterial chemoembolization

The recovery of methane from gas hydrate layers that have been detected in permafrost regions is a promising perspective in the future. In order to study the replacement characteristics of ...

In the manufacturing process of piston, most of the piston cavities are printed with different character sequences to describe the specifications of piston. It is labor-consuming and inefficient to read the piston cavity character sequences manually. Although scholars have done a lot of researches in the field of industrial character recognition, there are few researches on piston cavity character recognition. A piston cavity character recognition method based on Faster R-CNN and priori knowledge library of character sequences is presented. First, we design a ring light source and an imaging device for the piston cavity based on the characters of the piston cavity protruding upward and the texture of the metal being easily reflective. Second, we use the character images in piston cavity collected by the imaging device to make character dataset. Third, according to the noisy background of the piston cavity image, Gaussian filtering and morphological operations were used to obtain a clean background image of the piston cavity. Fourth, use the Faster R-CNN training dataset to get the character recognition model, and then use the character type and position information detected by the recognition model to form a character sequence. Fifth, according to the highly similar characteristics of the character sequences of the same piston model, a character sequences prior knowledge library is constructed to correct the recognition results of Faster R-CNN. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of the character sequences detected by the character recognition model is 95.5%. And when combined with the prior library of character sequences, the accuracy rate of the character sequences is 99%.

Figure S1, Mass accuracy of MS; Figure S2, The bubble chart shows the fold enrichment for GO analyses of Khib-modified proteins in terms of biological process, cellular component and molecular function; Figure S3, The bubble chart shows the fold enrichment of KEGG pathways of Khib-modified proteins; Figure S4, The bubble chart shows the fold enrichment of the protein domains of Khib-modified proteins; Figure S5, Pathway map of the Khib-modified enzymes in central carbon metabolism in rhubarb. Central carbon metabolism includes glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The identified Khib-modified enzymes are indicated in red boxes. The Khib-modified enzymes in the TCA cycle are shown in Fig. 6; Figure S6, Schematic diagram showing the association of Khib-modified proteins with the ribosome in rhubarb. The identified Khib-modified proteins are indicated in red boxes.

Autonomous driving needs to obtain various traffic information promptly to make decisions, and the accurate positioning of traffic light in real time is one of the key points to realize autonomous driving. Up to now, there are many interesting and practical researches related to the positioning. However, most of the scholars are doing researches of daylight traffic light location. At night, Neon lights, street lights, car lights and other factors may have a serious impact on the accurate positioning of traffic lights. How to remove the influence of these factors is a big challenge in autonomous driving. We propose a practical approach to address this challenge. The motivation of this approach is as follows: Firstly, GPS information and electronic map are used to estimate the distance and direction of the current position relative to the traffic light; secondly, binocular vision is applied to get the depth, orientation and other information of each area in the image, excluding the interference area outside the scope of the traffic light; thirdly, use some methods to positioning the traffic light, including brightness value division, geometric features analysis, circular degree detection, and then the status of the traffic light can be recognized through the HSV color space. The experimental result shows that the positioning accuracy of this method is more than 95%, the average of processing time for each image is 301ms, which can meet the requirements of accuracy and real-time.

High-efficient silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells are ideal bifacial devices. In this application context, Na+ ions induced degradations from encapsulation soda-lime glass are of significance. We conducted accelerated Na+ ions aging experiments at 85 °C, 85% relative humidity without encapsulation to simulate damp heat test in soda-lime glass for SHJ solar cells. It is found that Na+ ions accelerated the formation of metal In and In(OH)3 or InOOH in damp heat condition, which destroyed the capping metal oxide, i.e., tungsten doped indium oxide (IWO). Interestingly, it demonstrates that the device stability is highly dependent on the crystallinity of IWO films. IWO films with large grains are more resistive to Na+ ions erosion, and consequently, account for the enhanced device stability of SHJ solar cells. We believe this work provides a guide for designing more reliable bifacial SHJ solar cells installed in hot climates and coastal areas.

The recovery of natural gas from CH4-hydrate deposits in permafrost environments through injection of CO2 is considered to be a suitable strategy for CH4 production and CO2 storage. In order to study the replacement characteristics of CO2-CH4 hydrate below the freezing point, the experiment was conducted in ice powder with particle size of 800 μm at different injection pressure (3.6 MPa, 4.0 MPa and 4.5 MPa) of CO2. The experimental results showed that, the average replacement rate and efficiency increased with the increasing of injected pressure of CO2 gas. And the average replacement rate and efficiency reached up to 0.403 mmol/h and 13.20% when the injected pressure of CO2 was at 4.5 MPa. The results also indicated that, compared with the temperature conditions above the freezing point, the replacement rate of CO2-CH4 hydrate was slow below the freezing point. It provided a theoretical guidance for gas production from methane hydrate using CO2-CH4 replacement method in permafrost region in the future.

Flower-like Co3O4 hierarchical microspheres composed of self-assembled porous nanoplates were prepared by employing Pluronic F127 block-copolymer as template. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), scanning/transmission electron microscopy(SEM/TEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K. The results show that the catalytic activity of Co3O4 nanoflowers for the combustion of ventilation air methane is higher than that of commercial Co3O4. The superior catalytic performance of this material can be related to its dominantly exposed {112} crystal planes and higher content of surface Co3+.

The air-source heat pump with an economized vapor injection technique has the distinct advantages of performance and stability for space heating and hot water supply in cold area. However, it is unreasonable to evaluate and predict the thermal performance by the nominal working conditions in different areas and environmental conditions. The experimental set up of economized vapor injection air-source heat pump (EVI-ASHP) system was established in cold region of China. The experimental results showed that the air-source heat pump with the EVI technique could improve thermal performance 4–6% than that without EVI. The relationship of COP and condenser inlet and ambient temperature difference was linearly dependent in the same environmental relative humidity. In order to obtain the empirical equations of COP, the linear and negative exponential corrections of the temperature difference of ambient dry-bulb and wet bulb were used when the electromagnetic valve is on or off, respectively. The monthly and hourly thermal performance of four cities in cold and severe cold region in China was compared and analyzed in the climatic condition of the typical meteorological year.

The manufacturing technology of all steel radial tire is complex. Some defects will inevitably appear in the tire due to the complex production process. Impurity and bubble are two typical kinds of defects in the tire. In this study, a unified detection of impurity and bubble defects in tire X-ray images is proposed by means of improved extremum filter and improved locally adaptive-threshold binaryzation . Firstly, the tire image is divided into cords and background by extremum filter. Secondly, an improved locally adaptive-threshold binaryzation is used to separate defects from the background. Finally, image denoising and marking are processed. In the experiment, we tested the proposed approach by using 280 tires with various types of defects from a tire factory. For the detection of clear and blur impurities and clear bubbles, the precision of our method can reach 97%, and the recall is 95.7%. It is to be noted that the proposed method can only be used to detect those two defects in sidewall and shoulder of the tire which we refer as the carcass.

There are two key problems of anthropomorphic dual-arm robot up and down floors which are path planning and pressing buttons of elevator automatically. Our research group has solved the problem of robot path planning based on electronic map in early stage. As for the problem of pressing buttons automatically, two issues still need to be handled, including positioning elevator buttons in three-dimensional space and pressing specific button automatically by the manipulator of robot. At present, our research group has achieved the accurate detection and recognition of elevator target button in the image. Besides, for the core issue, a new method of pressing target button automatically by manipulator with binocular vision servo is proposed. First, the binocular measurement is applied to get the distance and declination relationships between robot itself and target button, then we shall find the precise position of target button in visual three-dimensional coordinate system and transform its position into the three-dimensional coordinate system which takes robot shoulder as the origin. Thus, the manipulator movement model can be established by constructing relationships between the declination of three degrees of freedom and the real-time coordinates of manipulator, which contains extension of shoulder joint, Internal rotation of shoulder joint and flexion-extension function of elbow joint, and each of them as a separate dimension. On the basis of this model, the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control technology is employed to make the manipulator terminal close to target button autonomously. Finally, with deviation relationships between the manipulator terminal and target button as well as the threshold which is set to modulate manipulator, the goal of pressing target button by manipulator can be achieved eventually. Furthermore, the algorithm was tested on medium-sized wheeled dual-arm robot Hawk and results obtained verify the feasibility of the method proposed above can implement the function of pressing elevator target button by robot manipulator precisely, which manifests good robustness.

A flat plate solar collector with dual-function was proposed, which was modified from the conventional liquid solar collector. Three working modes were presented, named (A) air heating, (B) water heating and (C) air-water compound heating. Mathematical models for air and water heating modes were developed to investigate the effect of mass flow rate on the thermal performance. An experimental set-up was established in order to test the actual performance of collector. The experimental results show that the average collector efficiency in mode A and B can achieve 51.3% and 51.4% while the mass flow rate of fluid is 0.024 kg/s and 0.13 kg/s, respectively. The maximum temperature rise of air and water reach 60.4 °C and 59.8 °C in the respective two modes. The average of total collector efficiency based on the mode C can reach 73.4%, higher than that of mode A or B. The mass flow rate is a major factor to affect the efficiency, outlet temperature of fluid and heat transfer effectiveness. When the water flow rate exceeds 0.10 kg/s, the heat removal factor increases insignificantly. To balance the efficiency and outlet temperature of fluid, the air flow rate between 0.02 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s is recommended in mode A and the water flow rate between 0.06 kg/s and 0.08 kg/s is recommended in mode B.

Hydrate method is feasible for solidification and storage of CO 2 gas into stratum sediments. In order to study the storage process of carbon dioxide in the form of hydrate into seafloor sediments, the formation characteristics of carbon dioxide hydrate was investigated in porous media and the formation experiment of carbon dioxide hydrate has been conducted in quartz sand porous media in high-pressure vessel of 1.8 L with pore size of 26.7 nm, 14.2 nm and 13.8 nm, respectively. The results show that, pore size of porous media has an important influence on the formation characteristics of CO 2 hydrate. Compared with porous media of 14.2 nm and 26.7 nm, the average formation rate and gas storage capacity of carbon dioxide hydrate attained 0.01328 mol/h and 53.558 L/L respectively. The results also indicated that, the smaller the pore size is, the longer the induction time and the larger the average formation rate and gas storage capacity of hydrate in porous media with pore size between 13.8 nm and 26.7 nm. It provided a theoretical guidance for solidification and storage of CO 2 into seafloor sediments in the form of gas hydrate.

The aspects, such as composition, temperature, viscosity, and fluidity, of basic volcanic fluids are greatly different from acidic volcanic fluids. In order to further complement the conceptual model of the influence of volcanic fluids on source rocks in petroliferous basins, this research uses the thermal simulation experiment to analyze the characteristics and reasons of the ratio of alkanes to acid, dry coefficient, and carbon isotope in the dry and fluid systems. The results show that, the ratio of alkanes to acid of all samples in the two systems will increase with the rise of temperature and presents features of the dry system higher than the fluid system, which indicates that the basic volcanic fluids restrain the generation of gaseous hydrocarbons. The dry coefficient of the fluid system at the range of 300–400°C is greater than that of the dry system, while smaller at the range of 400–450°C, which indicates that the basic volcanic fluids promote the generation of CH4 in low temperature. In the tw...

Ensiling, a wet preservation method, is an appropriate method of storing feedstock for biogas production. Fresh maize straw, contain enough water-soluble carbohydrates, is the prevailing material producing biogas, but research on preservation and storage of maize straw as feedstock for anaerobic digestion is still in its infancy. Generally in China, the free sugars are consumed, the water evaporates during wilting and field drying, giving rise to fail to achieve the demand of good-quality silage. In view of strong complementary in terms of physical structure, nutrient/moisture content of maize straw and vegetables, this paper propose a hypothesis of trans-seasonal mixed ensiling for biogas production. The objective of the current work was to evaluate effects of different mixed ratio of maize straw (MS) and cabbage wastes (CW) on silage quality, taking into account the silage quality, chemical composition and structural properties of feedstock. Mixed ensiling of maize straw and cabbage waste were prepared in 1.6-L plastic silos at 25 degrees C. The mixed mass ratios (MMR) of MS and CW were 19:29, 21:27, 23:25, 25:23, 27:21 and 29:19, respectively. The results show that the content of cellulose and hemicellulose after ensiling were increased, achieving the goal of seasonal storage for MS. When the MMR was 27:21, that is, the moist content was 73% (MEMS73), the pH value had a minimum and the content of lactic acid was highest after mixed ensiling for 30 days. Therefore, the optimum MMR of MS and CW was 21:27 for storage of maize straw. The microtoporaghy of SEM indicated that the cracks and ruleless pores were taken on the surfaces of maize straw silage, compared to the compact lignocellulosic matrix before ensiling. The crystalline degree of cellulose was decreased after ensiling. In a word, ensiling is an appropriate feasibly storage method to preserve MS and should be considered a promising method for stable storage of biogas feedstock.

The direct-expansion solar-assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP) is widely studied as a refrigeration system, which can supply hot water for domestic use during the whole year. The system refrigerant charge and structure parameters are believed to have a great effect on the cycling thermal performance. The refrigerant mass charge including two-phase and single-phase in heat exchangers and pipes is calculated with distributed and lumped parameter approach mathematical models, respectively. Based on the system simulation program, the refrigerant distribution characteristics and system performance under varied structural parameters are obtained. The mathematical calculation results show that the 70%–80% refrigerant charge exists in the condenser and collector; the optimum refrigerant charge, solar collector area, condenser pipe length and condenser internal diameter for the system are 1.65–1.75 kg, 6.0 m2, 70 m and 9 mm, respectively. In the optimum parameters, the better system performance and feasible cost can be achieved.

Moving objects' detection in dynamic scenes is a very important task in video processing. In the applications of image processing (for example, video-surveillance), more attention is paid to whether there is an interested object in the scene rather than where the object is located. As a matter of fact, similar to static backgrounds, the statistical histograms of the most dynamic backgrounds have favorable stability, and these histograms would change clearly only when big and contrasting objects enter or move out of the scenes. This is a very important and interesting property for dynamic background. We propose a fast and simple algorithm, combining histograms in multiple color spaces and the superposition principle of statistical histogram, called Multiple Color Space Histogram Models (MCSHM). MCSHM first calculates statistical histograms of many color components in multiple color space and then use the changes of statistical histograms to determine whether there is an object rather than the changes in pixels or pixel-level regions. Thus, the computational complexity of MCSHM is kept at a very low level. The basic steps are as follows: firstly, convert each frame from RGB space to other color spaces and calculate the histograms of selected color components, then we can obtain the background histogram model; secondly, detect the objects using statistical histogram superposition principle; finally, update MCSHM by the result of detection. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can quickly and accurately detect moving objects in dynamic scenes.

In recent years, a combined cooling and power system (CCPS) with NH3-H2O absorption cycle has been aroused great interests. The previous researches on CCPS have been reviewed to summarize the properties of working pair and the experimental apparatus and demonstration devices firstly. Then, a new CCPS driven by solar energy has been developed and discussed.

In order to speed up the formation process of gas hydrate, we investigated the effect of pressure disturbance in the static formation process of propane hydrate in visual reaction cell. The results indicate that, compared with the process of no pressure disturbance, pressure disturbance could promote the formation process of propane hydrate effectively in 100 hours of the experimental process, improving the growth rate of propane hydrate. The average growth rate of propane hydrate reached the degree of 0.0526mm/h, it is 4 times as great as that of no pressure disturbance.

In order to meet farmers’ energy demands of gas, domestic hot water and winter heating with renewable energy in rural areas, according to farmers’ living habits in winter, a 30m2 insulated rural green building made of brick and concrete, was developed to integrate with thermostatic digester heated by solar energy and low-temperature radiant bed. Energy expenditure and thermal economy of the green building were studied at different winter ambient temperature subsequently. The results show that the consumer’s energy demands of gas, hot water and winter heating can be met in the green building even in winter. When the outdoor temperature is -20°C, the indoor’s is higher than 15°C. Compared with traditional rural buildings made of brick and concrete, the new one saves 2.8 tons of standard coal and RMB￥3275 every year and the payback period of investment of the enforced cost is 3.9 years.

In order to study the influence of temperature and total solid on biogas components of thermostatic anaerobic fermentation of cattle dung, three parallel anaerobic digesters of 11.5L of three group were operated in batch mode at temperature of 30°C,37°C and 52°C respectively and real-time analysises were carried out to determine the biogas composition with Biogas Check. When the temperature was the same, total solid (TS) which was 8% was the good choice for anaerobic fermentation, while the TS was same,37°C was the choose to get the maximum yield of the methane production, the cumulative methane production was 12.56L/TS,and the average methane content of the percentage by volume was 53.59%.This study could provide useful parameters for the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung.