Search

Concept of watershed data model is from geodatabase. Watershed data model is the description of meaning , behavior and role of features in a watershed, which demanded by integrated watershed modeling and management. Taking the Xitiaoxi watershed, which is located in the upper reaches in Taihu Basin, as a case study, the drainage was divided into three types:watershed, flood control area and polder. Different stream-lake networks were constructed in these three drainage types:tree type stream-lake network, which include lake (reservoir) , Dou, stream, hydrological points, in nature drainage (watershed); net type stream-lake network, which include flood control area, polder, lake, wetland, canal, stream and hydrological points, in artificial drainage. If the scale of drainage is selected suitably, any complex water network in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangzte River can be described by these two type stream-lake network. Features included in any of drainage type and relationships of each other were constructed in this paper, which can be helpful for watershed data model construction in China.

Most lakes in eastern China are exploited in the form of enclosure culture. The high density enclosure culture area is easy to cause lake eutrophication and deteriorate the water quality. So the lake enclosure culture area is focused by people and is usually extracted by using the multi-temporal remote sensing data and the multi-spectral classification or the manual digitization means. The multi-spectral classification is easy to confuse enclosure culture area with the natural water area and the manual digitization demands much time. This paper suggests a new method using the image texture information to extract lake enclosure area. The result is more accurate and the method demands less expense. Lake Baima is the study area and the image of the area is multi-spectral data of China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 02. First the water area、the man-made area and the bare soil which has the similar spectral characteristics with the water are extracted by using the normalized difference water index. Then the principal component analysis was used to compress the multi-spectral data of the study area and enhance the texture information of the image. The third step Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) was used to analyze the image, select a proper threshold of mean value which quantifies the GLCM. Finally, the lake enclosure culture area was extracted by using the decision tree.

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental factor that causes DNA damage, inflammation, erythema, sunburn, immunosuppression, photoaging, gene mutations, and skin cancer. p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) are strongly activated by UV radiation, and play important roles in regulating cellular responses to UV. In this review, we examine the role played by p38 MAPK in mediating UV-induced cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, and skin tanning response. We review the role played by p38 MAPK in transcriptional regulation of key downstream genes that have been implicated in the regulation of cellular responses to UV radiation. Understanding this will undoubtedly help in the prevention and control of UV-induced damage and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.