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Zhang, Feng, Luo, Guangyu, Guo, Shuiliang, Li, Dandan, Yang, Jun, You, Dejun, Zhang, Ting, Xu, Nanlong, Yu, Jing (2023): Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 20 (6): 133-160, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2023v44a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2

A 27-year field experiment with various fertilization regimes was chosen for evaluating how fertilization regimes influence soil denitrification potential (SDP), to determine whether the microbial mechanism of SDP variation varies with fertilization regimes. The results showed that the compost (OM) fertilizer treatment presented the highest SDP followed by half compost plus half chemical fertilizer (NPKOM) treatment. Both SDPs were 3–25 times higher than those of the other treatments, and the SDP was higher in the OM than NPKOM, indicating an increase in SDP with the application of compost. The higher SDPs from OM and NPKOM were closely associated with higher abundances of functional genes, and enrichments of Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Azospirillum sp. TSO28-1, is mainly determined by the organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). For the treatments without compost, SDP mainly followed the order of chemical fertilizers of N and P (NP) > chemical fertilizers of N and K (NK) > unfertilized (Nil) > chemical fertilizers of N, P, and K (NPK) > chemical fertilizers of P and K (PK), in which the variations had a close association with different specific microbial species. That is, relative to Nil, the enhanced SDP in NP and NK was coupled with the enrichment of Ideonella sp. NC3L-43b and R. gelatinosus, likely due to their higher NO3− contents, while the reduced SDP in NPK was linked to the depletions of R. gelatinosus and Azospira sp. NC3H-14, and that in PK to the depletion of R. gelatinosus and Azospirillum sp. TSO28-1, probably as a result of their lower N:P ratios. Microbial mechanisms for SDP differences varied with fertilization regimes, and R. gelatinosus can be regarded as a universal microbial indicator for SDP differences across the fertilization treatments.

Research data includes ice thickness,bed elevation andsurface elevationdata in radar.txt, free-air anomaly data infree-air anomaly.txt and water depth data in waterdepth.txt.

Additional file 8: Materials and Methods. Supplementary Text. Table S1. Temporal N2O concentrations (μL L-1) in the headspace in the preliminary experiment. Table S2. Primers and PCR conditions used for the PCR. Table S3. Stepwise multiple regression to identify the abundance and expression of key genes involved in N cycling which had the strongest statistical contributions to variation in the cumulative N2O emission in pot expt 2. Independent variables include the abundances and expressions of nirK, nirS and clade I and II nosZ genes. Dependents variable is the cumulative N2O emission. Table S4. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of the effects of patch type (PT; pot expt 1) or harvest time (HT; pot expt 2) and AMF treatment on microbial communities harbouring nirK, nirS and clade I nosZ based on the gene and transcript sequencing. Table S5. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of the effect of AMF treatment on clade I nosZ community in different patches (pot expt 1) or harvest time (pot expt 2) based on the gene and transcript sequencing. Table S6. In vitro experiment: metabolite concentrations in the hyphal exudates of Rhizophagus irregularis. Table S7. Effects of patch type and AMF treatment on biomass, N concentration and N content of maize in pot expt 1. Table S8. Effects of harvest time and AMF treatment on biomass, N concentration and N content of maize in pot expt 2.

Supplementary Material 1

Supplementary Material 1

This study aimed to establish an optimal model to predict the busulfan (BU) area under the curve at steady state (AUCss) by using machine learning (ML). Seventy-nine adult patients (age ≥18 years) who received BU intravenously and underwent therapeutic drug monitoring from 2013 to 2021 at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. The whole dataset was divided into a training group and test group at the ratio of 8:2. BU AUCss were considered as the target variable. Nine different ML algorithms and one population pharmacokinetic (pop PK) model were developed and validated, and their predictive performance was compared. All ML models were superior to the pop PK model (R2 = 0.751, MSE = 0.722, 14 and RMSE = 0.830) in model fitting and had better predictive accuracy. The ML model of BU AUCss established through support vector regression (SVR) and gradient boosted regression trees (GBRT) had the best predictive ability (R2 = 0.953 and 0.953, MSE = 0.323 and 0.326, and RMSE = 0.423 and 0.425). All the ML models can potentially be used to estimate BU AUCss with the aim of facilitating rational use of BU on the individualized level, especially models built by SVR and GBRT algorithms.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pie-10.1177_09544089211031116 for Investigation on dust dispersion during support movement in a fully mechanized mining face and the technology with support frame enclosure dust control by Jinming Mo, Wei Ma, Dandan Li and Sheji Zhang in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Rationale: While cell-cell interaction plays a critical role in physiology and disease, a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics in vascular homeostasis and diseases is yet absent. Methods: Here, by use of single-cell RNA-sequencing and multi-color staining, we delineate the cellular composition and spatial characterization of human aorta with or without aortic dissection (AD). Results: Scrutinization of cell subtype alterations revealed significantly changed fibroblast (FB)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) interactions in AD. Of these cellular interactions, LOXhigh fibroblast (fibroblast subtype 2, FB2) in diseased state exerted the most pronounced effects on pathological deterioration of SMCs in AD. In addition, pharmacologically targeting the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling pathway effectively suppressed FB2 state transition and reduced AD incidence in mice. Finally, COL5A1 (collagen type V alpha 1 chain), one of the secreted proteins released from FB2, was significantly higher in the plasma of AD patients than in control patients, suggesting its potential use as a biomarker for AD diagnosis. Conclusions: Our work not only identified a pivotal role of a specific FB subtype in AD progression, but also shed light on cell interaction dynamics in vascular diseases.

IntroductionAdult primary intracranial Ewing sarcomas (EWs)/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are extremely rare, with only 30 patients published before us. The imaging features and treatment strategies of primary intracranial EWs/PNETs are unclear due to its rarity. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features, imaging findings, treatment, survival analysis, and prognosis of adult EWs/PNETs, and a systematic review was conducted based on the patient we treated and published literature.Case descriptionA 19-year-old male patient suffered from head pain due to an accidental fall on a motorcycle that occurred more than 10 days before going to the hospital, and underwent computed tomography (CT) examination; it was found that the left temporo-occipital fossa was occupied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recommended to understand the nature of the lesion, and the result showed that it has a high probability of being a meningioma. He underwent surgical removal of the mass under general anesthesia, and surprisingly, postoperative pathology revealed EWs/PNET. The disease has a high degree of malignancy, and the patient developed multiple metastases throughout the body 5 years after surgery.ConclusionPrimary intracranial EWs/PNETs in adult patients are rare, of which imaging findings should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of meningioma, hemangiopericytoma, and malignant triton tumor. Larger solid-cystic masses with septum-like enhancement may be relatively specific imaging findings of intracranial EWs/PNETs. The prognosis of primary adult intracranial EWs/PNETs is poor. Radical tumor resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently the main and possibly the most effective treatment method.

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are modular assembly-line megaenzymes that synthesize diverse metabolites with wide-ranging biological activities. The structural dynamics of synthetic elongation has remained unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of PchE, an NRPS elongation module, in distinct conformations. The domain organization reveals a unique “H”-shaped head-to-tail dimeric architecture. The capture of both aryl and peptidyl carrier protein-tethered substrates and intermediates inside the heterocyclization domain and l-cysteinyl adenylate in the adenylation domain illustrates the catalytic and recognition residues. The multilevel structural transitions guided by the adenylation C-terminal subdomain in combination with the inserted epimerase and the conformational changes of the heterocyclization tunnel are controlled by two residues. Moreover, we visualized the direct structural dynamics of the full catalytic cycle from thiolation to epimerization. This study establishes the catalytic trajectory of PchE and sheds light on the rational re-engineering of domain-inserted dimeric NRPSs for the production of novel pharmaceutical agents., The catalytic domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are responsible for a choreography of events that elongates substrates into natural products. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures of a siderophore-producing dimeric NRPS elongation module in multiple distinct conformations, which provides insight into the mechanisms of catalytic trajectory.

The regulation of microsomal (e.g., FAD2) and plastidial (e.g., FAD6) oleate desaturases by cold, heat and salt stress were investigated. Gene expression levels and fatty acid compositions were determined in the roots, stems and leaves of safflower following stress treatments. A safflower plastidial oleate desaturase gene, CtFAD6, was cloned, and oleic acid desaturation was confirmed in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942. The results showed that temperature regulated oleate desaturation at the transcriptional level, and this regulation pattern was tissue-specific. CtFAD2-1, CtFAD2-2 and CtFAD6 were significantly induced under cold and heat stress in young leaves, and CtFAD2-2 and CtFAD6 were slightly induced in young stems. In contrast, CtFAD2-1, CtFAD2-11 and CtFAD2-10 were sensitive to salt stress in all safflower tissues (roots, stem and leaves). CtFAD6 was insensitive to salt and was slightly induced in leaves only.

Additional file 3: Table S1. The results of sequencing data quality.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Effects of two levels (A and B) of chitinase-containing culture supernatants (CCS) of strain TC -1 on death rates of Spodoptera exigua larvae. Table S2. A broad-spectrum screening assay of primary chitinase with the highest chitinolytic activity in the culture supernatant of the strain TC-1 by isoelectric precipitation. Table S3. A narrow-spectrum screening assay of primary chitinase with the highest chitinolytic activity in the culture supernatant of the strain TC-1 by isoelectric precipitation. Table S4. Toxicity of the pH 6.7-precipitated crude chitinase from the culture supernatant of strain TC-1 against the second- and third-instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua1. Table S5. Factors and levels of response surface design for optimization of chitinase production conditions of strain TC-1. Table S6. Credibility analysis of the regression model. Figure S1. The standard curve of N-acetylglucosamine.

Additional file 7: Figure S6. KEGG functional classifications of the annotated unigenes in P. cyrtonema.

Additional file 5: Figure S4. Species distribution annotated in the NR database for P. cyrtonema.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Characterization of Oxygen Tank. a) Hydrodynamic diameters of Oxygen Tank NPs. Inset shows photographs and TEM images of these NPs. b) In vitro safety analysis of Oxygen Tank. c) Standard curves of Oxygen Tank NPs. d) Stability of Oxygen Tank and AIP within 96 h. Data are demonstrated as mean ± SD (n = 3). Fig. S2 Chromatogram of ATO. Before analysis, ATO was dissolved in methanol (final concentration 50 μg/mL). For HPLC conditions see Experimental Section. The figures beside the peaks are retention times in minutes and responses in mAU. Fig. S3 Chromatogram of Oxygen Tank. Before analysis, emulsion breaking was performed using methanol. Ultimately the Oxygen Tank was diluted for 10 folds. For HPLC conditions see Experimental Section. The figures beside the peaks are retention times in minutes and responses in mAU. Fig. S4 Identification of PFC in Oxygen Tank. a) before centrifugation. b) after centrifugation. Fig. S5. Quantitative result of confocal fluorescence images of Hif-1α staining of AGS cells after different treatments (PBS in hypoxia condition, IP NPs in hypoxia condition, AIP NPs in hypoxia condition, Oxygen Tank in hypoxia condition, and PBS in normoxia condition). Data are showed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Fig. S6. The cellular uptake in AGS and CT26 cells. The flow cytometry of AGS (a) and CT26 cells treated with AIP and Oxygen Tank (IR780, 4 μg/mL) for 0, 1, 2, and 4 h. Data are demonstrated as mean ± SD (n = 3). c) The fluorescence images of CT26 tumor bearing mice at different times. Oxygen Tank exhibited an enhanced accumulation in tumor (200 μL, 100 μg/mL IR780). Fig. S7. Proportion of green cells in total cells from CLSM images of AGS cells determined by CAM/PI double stain kit (n = 3). Data are showed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05. Fig. S8. Biodistribution of Oxygen Tank (200uL, 100μg/mL IR780, tail vein injection). a) The in vivo fluorescence images of AGS bearing mice at different time points (n = 6). b) Ex vivo NIR images of major organs and tumors at 24 h post intravenous injection (n = 4). c) Quantification of the in vivo fluorescence signal intensity of tumor area after injection of Oxygen Tank (n = 6, S8a). d) Quantification of the in vivo fluorescence signal intensity of Oxygen Tank in different organs at 24 h post intravenous injection (n = 4, S8b). Data are demonstrated as mean ± SD (n = 4). Fig. S8. Biodistribution of Oxygen Tank (200uL, 100μg/mL IR780, tail vein injection). a) The in vivo fluorescence images of AGS bearing mice at different time points (n = 6). b) Ex vivo NIR images of major organs and tumors at 24 h post intravenous injection (n = 4). c) Quantification of the in vivo fluorescence signal intensity of tumor area after injection of Oxygen Tank (n = 6, S8a). d) Quantification of the in vivo fluorescence signal intensity of Oxygen Tank in different organs at 24 h post intravenous injection (n = 4, S8b). Data are demonstrated as mean ± SD (n = 4). Fig. S9. a) Photograph of tumors of in vivo anti-tumor evaluation (n = 5). b) Hif-1α staining tumor sections. The scale bar is 50 μm. Fig. S10. Quantitative result of Hif-1α staining tumor sections after different treatments (PBS, IP NPs, AIP NPs, and Oxygen Tank). Data are showed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Fig. S11. The dissolved oxygen curves in tumor site after different treatments (PBS or Oxygen Tank, 200uL, 100μg/mL IR780, tail vein injection). Start recording once the oxygen probe was inserted into the tumor in vivo. AGS bearing mice were anesthetized during the experiment. Fig. S12. In vivo anti-tumor effect of Oxygen Tank in CT26 bearing mice (200 μL, 100 μg/mL, tail vein injection, n = 6). a) The body weight curves. b) The tumor volume curves. c) Weight of tumors. d) H&E staining tumor sections. The scale bar is 200um. Data are showed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, while N.S. means Not Significant. Fig. S13. Potential long-term in vivo biosafety analysis of Oxygen Tank (200 μL, 100 μg/mL IR780, tail vein injection). a-c) Hematology assay (NEU: neutrophils; HGB: hemoglobin; PLT: platelets). d-e) Serum biochemical assay (ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase). Data are demonstrated as mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA method (n = 3). N.S. means Not Significant. Table S1. Peak table of high-performance liquid chromatography result of ATO. Table S2. Peak table of high-performance liquid chromatography results of Oxygen Tank.

Additional file 10: Table S4. RNA information of different samples.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547221085505 for Reduced Modular Segregation of White Matter Brain Networks in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Wenbo He, Weichen Liu, Min Mao, Xiaohong Cui, Ting Yan, Jie Xiang, Bin Wang and Dandan Li in Journal of Attention Disorders

Additional file 1.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Total saponin content in tuber of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua of different growing years.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 5 different comparisons. Fig. S2. Top 20 GO terms with Q values. Fig. S3. Module information of WGCNA. Fig. S4. Top 20 GO terms with Q values of the three modules

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jad-10.1177_10870547221085505 for Reduced Modular Segregation of White Matter Brain Networks in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Wenbo He, Weichen Liu, Min Mao, Xiaohong Cui, Ting Yan, Jie Xiang, Bin Wang and Dandan Li in Journal of Attention Disorders

Additional file 11: Table S5. Gene descriptions and primers used for qRT-PCR.

Additional file 4: Figure S3. Sequence length distribution for P. cyrtonema transcriptome assembly.

Extended antithrombotic treatment is recommended for secondary prevention of unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), however, there is no consensus on which antithrombotic strategy is preferable. To compare the efficacy and safety of different antithrombotic strategies for secondary prevention unprovoked VTE. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and MEDLINE were systematically searched from inception to 22 July 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and/or safety of extended antithrombotic strategies including aspirin, warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE. The primary outcome was risk of major bleeding and the secondary outcomes were risks of recurrent VTE and all-cause death. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effect. Possible ranking of extended antithrombotic strategies was plotted using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and mean ranks. Seventeen RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and meta-analysis results showed that warfarin was associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding than placebo/observation (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.32–5.55) or apixaban (OR 10.65, 95% CI 1.06–107.13). Apixaban and low-apixaban were the top two strategies according to the ranking of major bleeding. Warfarin (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.13–0.49), rivaroxaban (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.03–0.90), apixaban (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.04–0.85) and low-apixaban (OR 0.18, 95%CI 0.04–0.82) were related to significantly lower risk than placebo/observation; edoxaban was non-inferior to warfarin on the risk of recurrent VTE. Furthermore, apixaban was linked with significantly lower risk of all-cause death than placebo/observation (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.88). Apixaban showed superiority to other antithrombotic strategies on major bleeding and all-cause death for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE. Further studies are warranted owing to the limited number of studies and positive cases.Key messagesAll antithrombotic strategies including warfarin, DOACs and aspirin were superior to placebo/observation on recurrent VTE for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE.Apixaban demonstrated lower risk of major bleeding than warfarin, and lower risk of all-cause death than placebo/observation.Further research about the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic treatments for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE is warranted. All antithrombotic strategies including warfarin, DOACs and aspirin were superior to placebo/observation on recurrent VTE for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE. Apixaban demonstrated lower risk of major bleeding than warfarin, and lower risk of all-cause death than placebo/observation. Further research about the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic treatments for secondary prevention of unprovoked VTE is warranted.

Additional file 2: Appendix Table 2. Search terms for adverse events related to coagulation dysfunction.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. 1 H NMR spectrum of TCPP-OME (CDCl3). Figure S2. 1 H NMR spectrum of TCPP (DMSO-d6). Figure S3. TEM elemental mappings of C of Pd@MOF-525. Figure S4. PXRD patterns of Pd@MOF-525@HA nanoparticles. Figure S5. Hydrodynamic size distribution of Pd@MOF-525@HA for 7 days in serum-containing DMEM. Figure S6. CLSM images of HepG2 cells incubated with Pd@MOF-525@HA (Pd@MOF-525@HA treated with free HA in advance, scale bar: 25 μm). Figure S7. Cell viability of HepG2 cells incubated with Pd@MOF-525@HA under laser irradiation: 800 nm, 1 W cm− 2; H2O2: 100 µM; Pd@MOF-525@HA: 100 µg/mL). Figure S8. Cell viability of HepG2 cells incubated with Pd@MOF-525@HA under ultrasonic irradiation: US: 1.2 W cm− 2; H2O2: 100 µM; Pd@MOF-525@HA: 100 µg/mL). Figure S9. Cell viability of HepG2 cells incubated with Pd@MOF-525@HA under light and ultrasonic irradiation (Laser: 800 nm, 1 W cm− 2; US: 1.2 W cm− 2; H2O2: 100 µM; Pd@MOF-525@HA: 100 µg/mL). Figure S10. One/Two-photon fluorescence images after tail intravenous injection of Pd@MOF-525@HA (100 µg/mL). Figure S11. The images and hemolysis rates of red blood cells treated with different concentrations of Pd@MOF-525@HA. Figure S12. Blood biochemical and hematological analysis of the mice injected with Pd@MOF-525@HA after 14 days. Figure S13. Curves of body weight of mice after different treatments.

Additional file 6: Figure S5. GO function annotation of P. cyrtonema transcriptome.

Additional file 9: Table S3. The numerical values of error bar.

Additional file 8: Table S2. KEGG annotation of all unigenes.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Total polysaccharide content in tuber of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua of different growing years.

Additional file 1: Appendix Table 1. Search terms for tigecycline and its control drugs.

With the increasingly strengthened data privacy act and the difficult data centralization, Federated Learning (FL) has become an effective solution to collaboratively train the model while preserving each client's privacy. FedAvg is a standard aggregation algorithm that makes the proportion of dataset size of each client as aggregation weight. However, it can't deal with non-independent and identically distributed (non-i.i.d) data well because of its fixed aggregation weights and the neglect of data distribution. In this paper, we propose an aggregation strategy that can effectively deal with non-i.i.d dataset, namely FedGraph, which can adjust the aggregation weights adaptively according to the training condition of local models in whole training process. The FedGraph takes three factors into account from coarse to fine: the proportion of each local dataset size, the topology factor of model graphs, and the model weights. We calculate the gravitational force between local models by transforming the local models into topology graphs. The FedGraph can explore the internal correlation between local models better through the weighted combination of the proportion each local dataset, topology structure, and model weights. The proposed FedGraph has been applied to the MICCAI Federated Tumor Segmentation Challenge 2021 (FeTS) datasets, and the validation results show that our method surpasses the previous state-of-the-art by 2.76 mean Dice Similarity Score. The source code will be available at Github.

A single dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) low-temperature plasma reactor was set up, and toluene was selected as the representative substance for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), to study the reaction products and degradation mechanism of VOCs degradation by low-temperature plasma. Different parameters effect on the concentration of O3 and NOx during the degradation of toluene were studied. The exhaust in the process of toluene degradation was continuously detected and analyzed, and the degradation mechanism of toluene was explored. The results showed that the concentration of O3 increased with the increase of the power density and discharge voltage of the plasma device. However, as the initial concentration of toluene increased, the concentration of O3 basically keep steady. The concentration of NOx in the by-products increased with the discharge voltage, power density, and initial concentration of toluene in the plasma device, and the concentration of NO2 was much higher than the concentration of NO. The degradation process of toluene was detected and analyzed. The results showed that the degradation mechanism of toluene by plasma includes high energy electron bombardment reaction, active radical reaction and ion molecule reaction. Among them, the effect of high-energy electrons on toluene degradation is the largest, followed by the effect of free radicals, in which oxygen radicals participated in the reaction mainly through the formation of C–O bond, C O bond, (CO)–O– bond and –OH radical, while nitrogen radicals participate in the reaction mainly through the formation of C–NH2, (C NH)- bond, C N bond and C–NO2 bond. The results can provide some data supports for the study of low-temperature plasma degradation of VOCs.

Methanotrophs represent the only biological sink for the greenhouse gas methane, and only few studies have focused on methanotrophic communities in aquaculture ponds. Illumina high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR were employed to profile the methanotrophic bacterial community and investigate the pmoA gene abundance in surface sediments from crab, oriental river prawn, perch, and Wuchang fish aquaculture ponds. Results revealed that Gammaproteobacteria (mainly the environmental_samples_norank genera) and Alphaproteobacteria (mainly the Methylocystis genera) were the most and second most abundant methanotrophic bacterial classes, respectively. While the species cultivated in these ponds were significantly different, the planting of submerged vegetation and the feed input were the main factors found to shape the methanotrophic bacterial community. Submerged vegetation potentially influenced methanotrophs in two ways: by increasing the alpha diversity of the methanotrophic community or by increasing methanotrophic abundance through inducing anaerobic root zone conditions, thereby increasing methane oxidation potential. The amount of feed input also influenced the methanotrophic communities in the fishponds (especially Wuchang fishponds), possibly through deposition of nitrogen, phosphorous, and organic matter (especially organic matter). These results provide preliminary biological data for the regulation of methanotrophs in aquaculture ponds in the future.

CircRNA mitochondrial tRNA translation optimization 1 (circMTO1) functions as a tumor suppressor usually and is related to the progression of many tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CircMTO1 is downregulated in HCC as compared to adjacent nontumor tissue, which may suppress the HCC progression by certain signal pathways. However, the underlying signal pathway remains largely unknown. The interactions between circMTO1 and miR-541-5p were predicted through bioinformatics analysis and verified using pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. CCK-8, transwell, and apoptosis assays were performed to determine the effect of miR-541-5p on HCC progression. Using bioinformatic analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR, and western blot, ZIC1 was found to be the downstream target gene of miR-541-5p. The regulatory mechanisms of circMTO1, miR-541-5p, and ZIC1 were investigated using in vitro and in vivo rescue experiments. The results depicted that silencing circMTO1 or upregulating miR-541-5p expression facilitated HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis. CircMTO1 silencing upregulated the expression of downstream ZIC1 regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway markers, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-myc, and the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP2, while the epithelial marker E-cadherin was downregulated. MiR-541-5p knockdown had the opposite effect and reversed the effect of circMTO1 silencing on the regulation of downstream ZIC1 regulators. Intratumoral injection of miR-541-5p inhibitor suppressed tumor growth and reversed the effect of circMTO1 silencing on the promotion of tumor growth in HCC. These findings indicated that circMTO1 suppressed HCC progression via the circMTO1/ miR-541-5p/ZIC1 axis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, making it a novel therapeutic target.

Background Limited information is available concerning the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability during adolescence, especially in regards to the epidemiological studies in China. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in Chinese children aged 10–15 years. Methods The dietary information, cognitive ability and sociodemographic data of 2029 children were retrieved from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies. Dietary patterns were assessed by principal component analysis. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to determine the association between dietary patterns and cognitive ability in these children. Results Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, ‘High protein’, ‘High fat’ and ‘High salt-oil’. Following adjustment for gender, age, nationality, household registration, school type, parental education level, family learning environment, annual household income and family size, we found that an increase in ‘High protein’ pattern score was significantly associated with higher mathematics test scores (OR = 1.62, CI: 1.23 ~ 2.15; P = 0.001), but not with vocabulary test scores (OR = 1.21, CI: 0.93 ~ 1.58; P = 0.149). On the contrary, an increase in ‘High fat’ pattern score was significantly associated with lower scores of mathematics (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.59 ~ 0.98; P = 0.031) and vocabulary (OR = 0.77, CI: 0.61 ~ 0.97; P = 0.029) tests. However, there was no significant association between ‘High salt-oil’ pattern and the scores of mathematics (OR = 0.99, CI: 0.77 ~ 1.27; P = 0.915) and vocabulary (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.73 ~ 1.18; P = 0.544) tests. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that ‘High protein’ pattern was positively associated with cognitive ability in Chinese children, while ‘High fat’ pattern exhibited a negative association.

Background: Smoking is by far the most important cause of cancer that can be modified at the individual level. Asia has a high incidence of cancer incidence and death, while China has the highest incidence in Asia, and accounting for 27% of the world's cancer deaths. The purpose of the current study was to perform an evidence-based assessment of the burden of tobacco smoking-related cancers death in the Tianjin, China. Methods: A mortality case-control study to assess the risks of all-cause and major causes of cancer death attributable to smoking from 2010 to 2019. Results: Tobacco smoking was responsible for 23,709 (28.87%) cancer deaths among adult men and 8,648 (13.37%) among adult women in 2010 to 2019 in Tianjin. Lung cancer remains the largest cause of cancer death. In men, 49.06% of lung cancer, 27.55% of upper aerodigestive cancer, 10.11% of liver, 13.56% of kidney and other urinary cancer deaths were attributable to tobacco smoking. In women the proportion of ever-smoking-attributable lung cancer was 31.56%, 10.59% of upper aerodigestive and 10.56% of bladder cancer deaths. By year, smoking-attributable cancer deaths in men increased from 1817 in 2010 to 2695 in 2019; for women, the number remained stable at just over 800 per year. Conclusions: Approximately one in three cancer deaths in men and one in six cancer deaths in women would be potentially preventable through appropriate control of tobacco smoking in Tianjin. Effective control programs against tobacco smoking should be further implemented.

We carried out sequencing of samples cultivated in floating beds with different Chinese medicinal herbs (Control, Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Polygonum cuspidatum, and a combination of H. cordata with Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.; named groups A, B, C, D, respectively) to analyze changes in the composition of gut microbiota of tilapia feces. Fusobacteria (ranging from 49.0% to 73.3%), Firmicutes (12.3%–37.8%), and Proteobacteria (5.1%–23.0%) were found to be the most dominant phyla present in all samples. The operational taxonomic units and the Ace and Chao1 indices of groups A and D were significantly higher than those of group C. Polygonum cuspidatum decreased the species richness and diversity of microbial communities in tilapia intestinal feces. The phylum WCHB1-60, order Enterobacteriales, and genus Plesiomonas significantly decreased (in group A); the species Plesiomonas shigelloides significantly decreased (in groups B and C); and the genus Leucobacter significantly increased (in group D) when compared with the control. The relative abundance of the class Verrucomicrobiae (groups B vs C) significantly decreased. In the presence of I. aquatica, the phylum Bacteroidetes significantly decreased, while the genera Leucobacter and Pelotomaculum significantly increased. The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes was significantly higher in groups B and C relative to the controls, while it decreased significantly in group D. The algae (i.e., Anabaena and Microcystis) and beneficial pathogenic bacteria decreased in groups C and D, respectively. In addition, Enterovibrio decreased in all treatment groups. The present data demonstrate that floating bed cultivation with Chinese medicinal herbs significantly alters the gut microbiota of tilapia, which may enhance its immune activity.

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of substituting 50 g/100 g of wheat flour (WF, with a very high gluten content and intermediate amylopectin percentage in starch) with highland barley powder (HBP, with a very high TDF content and amylopectin percentage in starch) or mung bean flour (MBF, with a very high crude protein) for chiffon cake making. Either substitution modified largely batter properties (batter specific gravity and viscosity: WF + HBP > WF + MBF > WF alone), and cake crumb structure setting during baking via affecting starch gelatinization, protein coagulation/aggregation, migration, and coalescence of both fat particles and gas cells. The amylopectin percentage in starch for WF, MBF, and HBP was strongly positively correlated with the flow behavior index (n) of corresponding cake batters (r = 0.892). The cell-to-total area ratio of cakes (WF alone ≈ WF + MBF > WF + HBP) was strongly positively correlated with the enthalpy of heat absorption (△H) of the ingredient powder (r = − 0.678), while strongly negatively correlated with the air-holding capacity, consistency coefficient (K), and n of cake batters (r = − 0.769, − 0.941, and − 0.628, respectively). The cell density/cell-to-total area ratio of cakes (WF + HBP > WF alone > WF + MBF) was strongly positively correlated with the K (r = 0.749) and n (r = 0.880) values of cake batters. The cake with WF + HBP had the greatest pore distribution and highest uniformity. The cake with WF + MBF was the hardest, gummiest, and chewiest and resembled that with WF alone in crumb color with the latter having the lowest specific volume.

Chinese area position system (CAPS) can provide positioning, time and velocity service to China region users by renting several commercial communication satellites. We studied a real-time common-view time transfer method in this paper using communication satellites of CAPS. This method can fully use CAPS resources of the communication satellites and orbit determination stations to broadcast the information of timing bias mode parameters from the ground base stations. The timing bias data information can be demodulated and calculated by users from the navigation message by receiving the satellite signal in one-way, so the common-view time transfer process are implemented. This method can provide time service with the accuracy better than 5 ns, which is a kind of high accuracy time transfer method at present. Users can obtain this kind of time services in real-time and only need to receive CAPS time service signal in one-way reception way and without the process of past-data exchange. This paper provides detailed information on the principle of the common-view time transfer method based on communication satellites. Moreover, the experiment platform has been set up to test the performance of this new method. The long baseline experimental results of Xi’an-Kashi and Xi’an-Sanya indicated that the accuracy of CAPS single-satellite is better than that of GPS single-satellite common-view time transfer. The common-view time transfer based on communication satellite can provide time service to users with the accuracy better than 5 ns.

The CNN-based methods have achieved impressive results in medical image segmentation, but they failed to capture the long-range dependencies due to the inherent locality of the convolution operation. Transformer-based methods are recently popular in vision tasks because of their capacity for long-range dependencies and promising performance. However, it lacks in modeling local context. In this paper, taking medical image segmentation as an example, we present MISSFormer, an effective and powerful Medical Image Segmentation tranSFormer. MISSFormer is a hierarchical encoder-decoder network with two appealing designs: 1) A feed-forward network is redesigned with the proposed Enhanced Transformer Block, which enhances the long-range dependencies and supplements the local context, making the feature more discriminative. 2) We proposed Enhanced Transformer Context Bridge, different from previous methods of modeling only global information, the proposed context bridge with the enhanced transformer block extracts the long-range dependencies and local context of multi-scale features generated by our hierarchical transformer encoder. Driven by these two designs, the MISSFormer shows a solid capacity to capture more discriminative dependencies and context in medical image segmentation. The experiments on multi-organ and cardiac segmentation tasks demonstrate the superiority, effectiveness and robustness of our MISSFormer, the experimental results of MISSFormer trained from scratch even outperform state-of-the-art methods pre-trained on ImageNet. The core designs can be generalized to other visual segmentation tasks. The code has been released on Github: https://github.com/ZhifangDeng/MISSFormer, Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Additional file 1 Table S1. FDG PET/CT characteristics. Table S2. MRI characteristics. Table S3. Risk of bias and application concerns for included studies were assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool.