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1. AUT791545_Lay_Abstract – Supplemental material for Early life influences on child weight outcomes in the Study to Explore Early Development

Author

Kral, Tanja VE, Chittams, Jesse, Chyrise B Bradley, Daniels, Julie L, DiGuiseppi, Carolyn G, Johnson, Susan L, Pandey, Juhi, Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A, Neloufar Rahai, AnnJosette Ramirez, Schieve, Laura A, Aleda Thompson, Windham, Gayle, York, Whitney, Young, Lisa, and Levy, Susan E

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, FOS: Clinical medicine, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified, FOS: Educational sciences, 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy), FOS: Health sciences, 130312 Special Education and Disability, Education
Abstract

Supplemental material, AUT791545_Lay_Abstract for Early life influences on child weight outcomes in the Study to Explore Early Development by Tanja VE Kral, Jesse Chittams, Chyrise B Bradley, Julie L Daniels, Carolyn G DiGuiseppi, Susan L Johnson, Juhi Pandey, Jennifer A Pinto-Martin, Neloufar Rahai, AnnJosette Ramirez, Laura A Schieve, Aleda Thompson, Gayle Windham, Whitney York, Lisa Young and Susan E Levy in Autism

Published
2018
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2. Autism

Author

Levy, Susan E, Mandell, David S, and Schultz, Robert T

Subjects
Communication, Socialization, Genetic Variation, Comorbidity, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Risk Assessment, Article, Causality, Diagnosis, Differential, Early Diagnosis, Neurobiology, Behavior Therapy, Child, Preschool, Early Intervention, Educational, Prevalence, Humans, Mass Screening, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Autistic Disorder, Stereotyped Behavior, Child, Forecasting
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders are characterised by severe deficits in socialisation, communication, and repetitive or unusual behaviours. Increases over time in the frequency of these disorders (to present rates of about 60 cases per 10 000 children) might be attributable to factors such as new administrative classifications, policy and practice changes, and increased awareness. Surveillance and screening strategies for early identification could enable early treatment and improved outcomes. Autism spectrum disorders are highly genetic and multifactorial, with many risk factors acting together. Genes that affect synaptic maturation are implicated, resulting in neurobiological theories focusing on connectivity and neural effects of gene expression. Several treatments might address core and comorbid symptoms. However, not all treatments have been adequately studied. Improved strategies for early identification with phenotypic characteristics and biological markers (eg, electrophysiological changes) might hopefully improve effectiveness of treatment. Further knowledge about early identification, neurobiology of autism, effective treatments, and the effect of this disorder on families is needed.

Published
2009

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