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This study investigated correlates of domestic homicide (DH) and other violent crimes. Data were collected retrospectively from criminal justice files on 617 persons in Switzerland (DH = 47). Multinomial logistic regressions revealed that, overall, DH perpetrators were more likely to be older, female, married, to have a psychiatric hospitalization history, and to be under the influence of delusions when they committed the crime. In addition, they were less likely to have prior convictions. Furthermore, the characteristics associated to DH perpetrators were more similar to domestic violence perpetrators than those of persons who committed non-domestic offenses. Based on the current sample, data, and methods, DH appears to be better explained by specialist theories than generalist views of crime, suggesting that DH and the homicide of non-family members are different phenomena. Therefore, domestic offenders may require specific assessment and intervention methods. However, replications of this study are necessary to generalize the current findings. published

This longitudinal study investigated the self-reported adjustment of 75 young adults (aged 17–22 years) newly admitted to a Portuguese prison, and examines changes, correlates, and outcomes of their prison adjustment. The prisoners were assessed at the first, third, and sixth month after their entry in prison. Regression analyses revealed that, overall, adjustment problems remained relatively stable during the first six months of incarceration. Having more prison visits, a lower educational level, and being White were associated with more adjustment problems in general. Adjustment problems were, in turn, associated with subsequent mental health symptoms and severe disciplinary infractions. The current study shows that self-report measures may be useful in assessing the adjustment of young adult offenders’ over time in prison.

This study evaluated the validity of the Static-99 and Static-99R in assessing sexual recidivism in Switzerland, based on a sample of 142 male sex offenders. Both tools showed predictive validity, but the Static-99R had better discrimination (OR = 1.82, AUC = .81) and calibration (Brier = .078, P/E = 0.96) than the Static-99. A cut score of four on the Static-99R maximized sensitivity (92.9%) and specificity (60.2%). However, although most offenders (98.7%) with a score

The Sexual Sadism Scale (SeSaS) was developed to assist in the diagnosis of sexual sadism, and it revealed adequate psychometric properties in prior research. This study cross validated the SeSaS in Switzerland using a sample of 179 male sex offenders. Specifically, the SeSaS conformed to a Mokken model of double monotonicity (scalability coefficient [ H] = .46, coefficient of reproducibility [CR] = .89), indicating that it measures a unidimensional construct of sexual sadism with hierarchically ordered items. The reliability of the scale was acceptable to high (ρ = .80, λ2 = .75, κ = .88). In addition, the SeSaS was strongly associated with sexual sadism diagnoses based on mental health manuals ( rpb = .60, odds ratio [OR] = 13.02, area under the curve [AUC] = 1) but not with recidivism. The results suggest that the use of the SeSaS may improve the validity and reliability of sexual sadism diagnoses, therefore playing a role in the assessment and management of sex offenders.

Neonatal conjunctivitis is a worldwide problem. Although global incidence is not known, incidents of 1-24% have been reported from various regions of the world especially those practicing home delivery without standard prophylaxis. This study was an in-vitro investigation on possible prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) like potassium aluminum sulfate (KAlSO4)2 and povidone iodine (C6H9I2NO) in comparison to tetracycline. A five by three (5x3) factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study. Factor A was the five-test bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. while Factor B was the experimental variables or the substances to be tested such as alum, povidone iodine and tetracycline. Aluminum was diluted and subjected to purity test prior to bacteria assay. The zone of inhibition was measured using a caliper and results were recorded. Based on the in-vitro analysis, aluminum showed a positive response to the five tested bacteria as it yielded a comparative mean results of growth inhibition. Among the possible applications of the findings in the study could be the formulation of antiseptic eye drops with the use of alum or Povidone iodine to be used as prophylaxis to guard against neonatal conjunctivitis.

Combination chemotherapy has been a mainstay in cancer treatment for the last 60 years. Although the mechanisms of action and signaling pathways affected by most treatments with single antineoplastic agents might be relatively well understood, most combinations remain poorly understood. This review presents the most common alterations of signaling pathways in response to cytotoxic and targeted anticancer drug treatments, with a discussion of how the knowledge of signaling pathways might support and orient the development of innovative strategies for anticancer combination therapy. The ultimate goal is to highlight possible strategies of chemotherapy combinations based on the signaling pathways associated with the resistance mechanisms against anticancer drugs to maximize the selective induction of cancer cell death. We consider this review an extensive compilation of updated known information on chemotherapy resistance mechanisms to promote new combination therapies to be to discussed and tested.

Supplemental material, Supplemental_files_(1) for Assessing prison adjustment among young adult offenders: Changes, correlates, and outcomes by Leonel C. Gonçalves, Jérôme Endrass, Astrid Rossegger, Randolph C. Grace and Anja J. E. Dirkzwager in European Journal of Criminology

Supplemental material, Supplemental_Material for Sexual Sadism Among Sex Offenders in Switzerland by Leonel C. Gonçalves, Astrid Rossegger, Juliane Gerth, Jay P. Singh and Jérôme Endrass in Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment

Moments of inertia and products of inertia often need to be determined for aircraft. As complex bodies, their mass properties need to be determined experimentally for best accuracy. While several moment of inertia experimental techniques have been developed, there are few to determine the products of inertia. Products of inertia can be easily determined mathematically if the angle between the aircraft x body axis and principal x axis is known. This method finds the principal inclination angle by mathematically correlating the measured moments of inertia about a range of axes of the aircraft. This correlation uses a least squares error minimization of a mathematical model that describes the ellipse of inertia in the aircraft's x-z axes plane. Results from a test conducted on a small scale UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) at NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center is also presented, which is an example of the intended application of this technique.

A series of 2-iminopyrrole ligand precursors with increasing bulkiness [HNC4H3C(R)=N-2,6-R'2C6H3] (R = R' = H, 1a; R = Me, R'= H, 1b; R = H, R' = Me, 1c; R = R' = Me, 1d; R = H, R' = iPr, 1e; R = Me, R' = iPr, 1f) were synthesized and deprotonated with NaH to give the corresponding iminopyrrolyl sodium salts 2a-f. A set of homoleptic bis-ligand Co(II) complexes of the type [Co(kappa2N,N'-NC4H3C(R)=N-2,6-R'2C6H3)2] (R = R'= H, 3a; R = Me, R'= H, 3b; R = H, R' = Me, 3c; R = R' = Me, 3d; R = H, R' = iPr, 3e; R = Me, R' = iPr, 3f) was prepared by reaction of CoCl2 with the corresponding iminopyrrolyl sodium salts 2a-f. The new complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, in powder and in solution, UV/vis/NIR, and, in some cases, X-ray crystallography. According to X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements, the Co complexes 3a-e proved to be tetrahedral, which is the preferred geometry for Co(II) compounds. However, a square planar geometry is observed in the case of 3f, as determined by several characterization techniques. In this case, DFT calculations suggest the square planar geometry is slightly more stable than the tetrahedral one probably due to a combination of steric and electronic reasons.

New indenyl nickel(II) complexes bearing arsine or stibine ligands synthesised by a new methodology exhibit very high catalytic activities for the oligomerisation of styrene.

Neutral allylnickel complexes of the general formula [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Im)Br] (where Im = 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene (tBu2Im), 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (Me4Im), 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidine (Me2Im)) were prepared from the reaction of the dimer [Ni(η3-C3H5)Br]2 with 2 equiv of the corresponding free N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The halide exchange of Br- by I- can be easily performed, giving rise to compounds of the type [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Im)I]. The new complexes [Ni(η3-C3H5) (tBu2Im)Br] (1), [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me4Im)Br] (2), [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me2Im)Br] (3), [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me2Im)I] (4), and [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me4Im)I] (5) were obtained in good yields and were fully characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, and 5 reveal a square-planar geometry at the nickel atom and a tilt angle of the NHC ring (in relation to the Ni square plane) dependent on the bulkiness of both the N substituents and the halogen bound to Ni. Variable-temperature NMR experiments in so...

A new siloxy-substituted α-diimine compound and its corresponding Ni(II) complex, {bis[N,N′-(4-tert-butyl-diphenylsiloxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene}dibromonickel (6), were successfully synthesized and the molecular structure of 6 characterized by X-ray crystallography. The precatalyst 6 activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) or diethylaluminum chloride (DEAC) was tested in the polymerization of ethylene, showed to be highly active (e.g. 2.2×107 and 1.8×107 g polymer (mol Ni.h.bar)−1, respectively) and led to a branched polyethylene (ca. 35–55 branches/1000 C). The catalyst system 6/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyzes, at −11 °C, living polymerization of propylene, to a polypropylene showing a syndiotactic-rich microstructure (Pr=0.74). 1-Hexene was also successfully polymerized via a living process, both at −11 and +16 °C. The 13C NMR spectra of the poly(1-hexene)s obtained at room temperature show a microstructure almost exclusively composed by n-butyl and methyl branches, the latter being present in a much higher number. Diblock polypropylene-block-poly(1-hexene) and triblock poly(1-hexene)-block-poly(propylene-ran-1-hexene)-block-poly(1-hexene) copolymers have also been synthesized and characterized by GPC/SEC, DSC and NMR.

The cationic complexes [Ni(η3-CH2C(R)CH2)(P)2][BPh4] (R = Me, H; (P)2 = (PMeiPr2)2, (PPhiPr2)2, 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ethane (dippe)) and [Ni(η-2-MeInd)(P)2][BPh4] (2-MeInd = 2-methylindenyl; (P)2 = (PMeiPr2)2, (PPhiPr2)2, dippe) have been prepared and characterized. These materials are catalyst precursors for the nonliving polymerization of styrene to polystyrene without the need of a cocatalyst such as methylaluminoxane. The polymerization reactions are carried out in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane, using a 1:1000 catalyst to styrene ratio, yielding essentially atactic polystyrenes with Mn in the range 14 500−155 000 Da and polydispersities between 1.89 and 9.70. The mass properties of the polymers and the overall yield depend much on the nature of the catalyst precursor.

The nickel precursor [bis(N,N′-dimesitylimino)acenaphthene]dibromonickel and methylaluminoxane were used to catalyse the functionalisation of 1-hexene with acrylamide by passivation of acrylamide with tri-isobutylaluminium. The polymer obtained was characterised by GPC/SEC and NMR. The NMR experiments performed, COSY, DEPT, long-range selective INEPT, HSQC and TOCSY 1D, showed that a 2,1 insertion of a single molecule of acrylamide per macromolecule had occurred at the end of the polyhexene chain. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

This study aimed to determine through a questionnaire applied to interviewers, the current or past use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), as well as other hormones (OH), and other medicines (OM), food supplement and illicit drugs among strength training apprentices in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. We interviewed 288 subjects draw from a sample of 13 gyms. The prevalence of current and past use of AAS was about 11.1% (32/288), OH 5.2% (16/288) and OM 4.2% (12/288). The most used AAS were nandrolone and stanozolol; the OH were gonadotropin, triiodothyronine (T3) and OM, like lipostabil, diuretics and veterinary medicines (Monovin E). The most frequent side-effects were behavioral such as humor oscillation, irritability and hostility, and endocrine disturbances such as acne and increased or decreased libido. When analyzed together with other hormones in a variable named "hormonal agents" (AH), AAS presented a statistical difference (p0.05) among genders considering that the most frequent use of AH occurred among men and those who consume food supplements. The comparison of these findings to other national and international results is difficult due to the epidemiological design. Even if it is considered, the observed prevalence suggests that preventive attitudes as well as special care in the orientation and education of this population must be taken.