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A 3D falling film flow model outside the horizontal tube is established to study the influence of the liquid column impact the wall on the liquid film thickness distribution. It is found that the liquid film thickness fluctuates significantly at 0°–60° in single liquid column, and the minimum thickness appears. In the jet flow, there is a critical value of 70° due to the liquid film fluctuation. The liquid film thickness change before 70° was negatively correlated with Reynolds number and positively correlated after 70°. And the fluctuation amplitude negatively correlates with the Reynolds number.

As a promising modality for cancer therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) still acquired limited success in clinical nowadays due to the extremely serious hypoxia and immunosuppression tumor microenvironment. To ameliorate such a situation, we rationally designed and prepared cascade two-stage re-oxygenation and immune re-sensitization BSA-MHI148@SRF nanoparticles

Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) was synthesized by reacting chitosan with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride. Atomic force microscopy showed that HACC exhibited disorderly coils in dilute solution and formed a three-dimensional network. Flow, thixotropy, and dynamic viscoelasticity tests were conducted using an MCR301 rheometer. The HACC solution was a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid, and the shear behavior of different concentrations (2-6 %, w/v) was evaluated by the Williamson model fitting. Furthermore, the thixotropy was highly dependent on concentration changes: the high-concentration solution structure was difficult to recover in a short time. The dynamic viscoelasticity test indicated that the viscoelasticity of the HACC solution not only exhibited a viscous behavior similar to that of a fluid, but also exhibited elastic properties of weak gel. HACC exhibited high-strength solid-like gel characteristics at high temperature.

BackgroundPrevious studies have revealed a high comorbidity between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression; however, whether PMS can longitudinally predict depression has not been examined in large sample studies.MethodsThis study surveyed 8,133 women from the 1973–78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Participants completed seven repeated measurements at 3-year intervals starting in 2000 (aged 22–27 years). Binary logistic and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive role of self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 on self-reported diagnosis of depression and frequency of depressive symptoms, respectively, for each follow-up survey.ResultsSelf-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in the year 2000 predicted self-reported diagnosis of depression in most follow-up surveys. Specifically, compared to women who reported “never” had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported “often” had them were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2006 (OR = 1.72), 2012 (OR = 1.88), 2015 (OR = 1.49), and 2018 (OR = 1.90); and those who reported “sometimes” had PMS symptoms in 2000 were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2012 (OR =1.37) and 2018 (OR = 1.59). Furthermore, self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 predicted self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms in each follow-up survey. Compared to women who reported “never” had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported “sometimes”, or “often”, had PMS symptoms reported depressive symptoms more frequently.ConclusionSelf-reported frequency of PMS can predict the self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of depression.

Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL), referred to as “Bu-gu-zhi” in Chinese, has great medicinal values since ancient times. PCL is the dried ripe fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., which has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency, enuresis and urinary frequency, chills and pain of the waist and knees, dawn diarrhea and vitiligo. In this paper, a systematic of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, quality control and pharmacokinetics of PCL was presented, along with future research directions. According to the results, PCL contains approximately 163 chemical components, including coumarins, flavonoids, monoterpene phenols, benzofurans, glycosides, lipids, fatty acids, and volatile oils. PCL and its active ingredients have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, antiosteoporosis, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory. Further study of quality control standards and potential mechanisms of PCL is also needed. In addition, more toxicological studies will also contribute to the progress of clinical trials.

Streptococcus agalactiae is among the major causative pathogens of bovine mastitis, as well as crucial pathogen leading to human morbidity and mortality. Being a promising natural antibacterial agent, linalool has been broadly applied in medicine and food processing. However, its antibacterial effect against S. agalactiae has barely been elucidated. This study is the first to investigate the antibacterial activity and action mechanism of linalool against S. agalactiae causing bovine mastitis. Linalool exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae, with an inhibition zone diameter of 23 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.875 μL/mL. In addition, linalool damaged cell structural integrity of S. agalactiae, leading to the leakage of intracellular components (alkaline phosphatase, nucleic acids and protein). Linalool also exhibited a scavenging effect on biofilm. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that linalool stress substantially disrupted intracellular metabolism of S. agalactiae. Linalool caused energy metabolism disorder, and obstructed nucleic acid synthesis in S. agalactiae. Furthermore, downregulation of amino acids (e.g., proline, alanine) and upregulation of saturated fatty acids provide strong evidence for linalool induced cell wall and membrane damage. Overall, linalool exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. agalactiae by destroying the cell structure and disrupting intracellular metabolism. This study provides a new insight and theoretical foundation for linalool application in preventing S. agalactiae infection.

Quantitative evaluation of analgesic efficacy improves understanding of the antinociceptive mechanisms of new analgesics and provides important guidance for their development. Lappaconitine (LA), a potent analgesic drug extracted from the root of natural Aconitum species, has been clinically used for years because of its effective analgesic and non-addictive properties. However, being limited to ethological experiments, previous studies have mainly investigated the analgesic effect of LA at the behavioral level, and the associated antinociceptive mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, electrocorticogram (ECoG) technology was used to investigate the analgesic effects of two homologous derivatives of LA, Lappaconitine hydrobromide (LAH) and Lappaconitine trifluoroacetate (LAF), on Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to nociceptive laser stimuli, and to further explore their antinociceptive mechanisms. We found that both LAH and LAF were effective in reducing pain, as manifested in the remarkable reduction of nocifensive behaviors and laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) amplitudes (N2 and P2 waves, and gamma-band oscillations), and significantly prolonged latencies of the LEP-N2/P2. These changes in LEPs reflect the similar antinociceptive mechanism of LAF and LAH, i.e., inhibition of the fast signaling pathways. In addition, there were no changes in the auditory-evoked potential (AEP-N1 component) before and after LAF or LAH treatment, suggesting that neither drug had a central anesthetic effect. Importantly, compared with LAH, LAF was superior in its effects on the magnitudes of gamma-band oscillations and the resting-state spectra, which may be associated with their differences in the octanol/water partition coefficient, degree of dissociation, toxicity, and glycine receptor regulation. Altogether, jointly applying nociceptive laser stimuli and ECoG recordings in rats, we provide solid neural evidence for the analgesic efficacy and antinociceptive mechanisms of derivatives of LA. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12264-021-00774-w.

We present a method for performing real-time facial animation of a 3D avatar from binocular video. Existing facial animation methods fail to automatically capture precise and subtle facial motions for driving a photo-realistic 3D avatar "in-the-wild" (i.e., variability in illumination, camera noise). The novelty of our approach lies in a light-weight process for specializing a personalized face model to new environments that enables extremely accurate real-time face tracking anywhere. Our method uses a pre-trained high-fidelity personalized model of the face that we complement with a novel illumination model to account for variations due to lighting and other factors often encountered in-the-wild (e.g., facial hair growth, makeup, skin blemishes). Our approach comprises two steps. First, we solve for our illumination model's parameters by applying analysis-by-synthesis on a short video recording. Using the pairs of model parameters (rigid, non-rigid) and the original images, we learn a regression for real-time inference from the image space to the 3D shape and texture of the avatar. Second, given a new video, we fine-tune the real-time regression model with a few-shot learning strategy to adapt the regression model to the new environment. We demonstrate our system's ability to precisely capture subtle facial motions in unconstrained scenarios, in comparison to competing methods, on a diverse collection of identities, expressions, and real-world environments.

Based on the fact that very little was found in the literature on the question of potential molecules and mechanism for high risk of cancer in patients with psoriasis, this study was designed and performed based on bioinformatics analysis including WGCNA. The most striking result to emerge from the data is that BUB1B/hsa-miR-130a-3p axis, closely related to the development of psoriasis, also plays a remarkable role in multiple cancer development. The expression patterns of hsa-miR-130a-3p were found significantly changed in multiple tumors, which was also associated with prognosis. Additionally, hsa-miR-130a-3p was downregulated in lesion skin of psoriasis, but there was no difference in blood between psoriasis patients and normal controls. Circulating has-miR-130a-3p was found to have a higher level of blood in multiple tumor patients, suggesting that hsa-miR-130a-3p has the potential to be a blood biomarker for cancer risk assessment in patients with psoriasis.

Understanding the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in the growth process of American ginseng can provide theoretical support for its safe production. In this study, the content of Cu, Mn, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni in American ginseng (annual, biennial, and triennial) and planting soil were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LCP-MS). In addition, the change in the content of these heavy metals in American ginseng was evaluated after soaking the plant for various time periods. The results indicated that the content of some heavy metals in American ginseng was correlated with soil heavy metal contents. For example, Ni, Cd, and Mn content in American ginseng was significantly negatively correlated with Ni content in soil. American ginseng exhibited distinct heavy metal accumulation characteristics in different parts at different growth stages. For example, in annual American ginseng, Mn and As are mainly enriched in lateral roots and taproots, while in biennial and triennial American ginseng, they are mainly enriched in reed heads. When American ginseng plant was soaked for various time intervals, its heavy metal content changed to varying degrees. In general, after soaking American ginseng for 30 min, the content of most heavy metals decreased.

Chemoselective hydrogenation of substituted nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines is one of the most important reactions in fine chemistry, since functionalized anilines are industrially important and valuable intermediates for a variety of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and pigments. However, when one or more reducible groups (e.g., CC, CC, CO, CN, etc.) are present in a nitroarene molecule, the chemoselective hydrogenation of the nitro group is still a great challenge. MOF materials are receiving widespread attention in the catalytic field attributed to their rich elements, high specific surface area, adjustable pore size and so on, and can be used as precursor materials for catalyst design. This review introduces the research progress of MOF-derived catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes, including (1) pyrolysis catalysts based on MOF materials, such as Cu, Co and Ni based catalysts, N-doped carbon materials, transition-metal phosphides and sulfides, and (2) confined metal nanoparticle catalysts. As for different MOF-derived catalysts, the structure–activity relationship and the key factors affecting the catalytic performance were analyzed.

With the continuous expansion of the UHV AC/DC interconnection scale, online, high-precision, and fast transient stability assessment (TSA) is very important for the safe operation of power grids. In this study, a transient stability assessment method based on the gating spatiotemporal graph neural network (GSTGNN) is proposed. A time-adaptive method is used to improve the accuracy and speed of transient stability assessment. First, in order to reduce the impact of dynamic topology on TSA after fault removal, GSTGNN is used to extract and fuse the key features of topology and attribute information of adjacent nodes to learn the spatial data correlation and improve the evaluation accuracy. Then, the extracted features are input into the gated recurrent unit (GRU) to learn the correlation of data at each time. Fast and accurate evaluation results are output from the stability threshold. At the same time, in order to avoid the influence of the quality of training samples, an improved weighted cross entropy loss function with the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) idea is used to deal with the unbalanced training samples. Through the analysis of an example, it is proved from the data visualization that the TSA method can effectively improve the assessment accuracy and shorten the assessment time.

Periungual warts are common warts that grow on the periungual or nail margin, and it's challenging to remove them due to their particular location, causing its high recurrence rate and brings difficulties to the treatments. We successfully cured two cases of stubborn periungual warts by local hyperthermia. A male with warts on his hands and knees and a girl with periungual warts on her fingers received local hyperthermia of 44 °C for 30 min a time. One month after the last treatment, their lesions disappeared entirely and did not relapse during the follow-up period. These two cases showed that local hyperthermia might be a safe and effective method for treating periungual warts in patients with poor traditional treatment.

The solubilities and refractive indices of the quaternary system (Li2B4O7 + Na2B4O7 + K2B4O7 + H2O) were attained at 323.15 K by the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. The dry-salt phase di...

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a disturbing, relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent eczema foci and intense itching. Due to the effectiveness and safety of Dupilumab, it is considered a savior for AD patients.Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors (JAKi) plus Dupilumab therapy in refractory AD patients.Method: An observational study analyzing the disease control status of refractory AD patients under the treatment of Dupilumab. Data on patients with moderate to severe AD treated with Dupliumab were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The clinical effectiveness and safety of Dupilumab combined with JAKi were evaluated and monitored.Results: Of the 198 patients enrolled, 56 (28.3%) had underreacted to Dupilumab to dupilumab at 16 weeks. Proportion of patients with an improvement from baseline in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) of at least 75% (65.7%;130/198). Five patients eventually discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. Among uncontrolled patients (n=51) who did not achieve EASI≤7 or IGA 0/1 during the 16-week study period, 74.5% (38/51) achieved EASI-75 by week 52, including 71.1%(27/38) in combination with JAKi therapy. No significant systemic side effects in the combined JAKi group.Limitations: Including small sample size, short observation period.Conclusion: Given the tremendous burden of AD, the demand for new targeted therapies is very high. The combination of JAKi and Dupilumab in AD patients with low response rates may dramatically changing the treatment expectations of patients and doctors.

Due to the attitude-behavior gap in green consumption, it is necessary to conduct more research on consumers' actual purchase behavior. At present, few studies have been conducted on the impact of empathy with nature on green purchase behavior. This research explored the underlying neural mechanism of empathy with nature on consumers' green purchase decisions by applying the event-related potentials (ERPs) approach. Behaviorally, compared with the control group, the experimental group had a higher purchase rate of green products and spent less time when buying green products. For the experimental group, buying green products required less time than buying traditional products. At the neural level, when buying green products, the N2 and N400 amplitudes of the experimental group were smaller than those of the control group. For the experimental group, buying green products elicited a smaller N2 amplitude than buying traditional products. These findings suggested that empathy with nature could reduce consumers' decision conflict when buying green products, thereby promoting consumers' green purchase behavior.

Visually exploring in a real-world 4D spatiotemporal space freely in VR has been a long-term quest. The task is especially appealing when only a few or even single RGB cameras are used for capturing the dynamic scene. To this end, we present an efficient framework capable of fast reconstruction, compact modeling, and streamable rendering. First, we propose to decompose the 4D spatiotemporal space according to temporal characteristics. Points in the 4D space are associated with probabilities of belonging to three categories: static, deforming, and new areas. Each area is represented and regularized by a separate neural field. Second, we propose a hybrid representations based feature streaming scheme for efficiently modeling the neural fields. Our approach, coined NeRFPlayer, is evaluated on dynamic scenes captured by single hand-held cameras and multi-camera arrays, achieving comparable or superior rendering performance in terms of quality and speed comparable to recent state-of-the-art methods, achieving reconstruction in 10 seconds per frame and interactive rendering., Comment: Project page: https://lsongx.github.io/projects/nerfplayer.html

Sophora flavescens Aiton (SF), also known as Kushen (Chinese:), has been an important species in Chinese medicine since the Qin and Han dynasties. It is also recognized as a plant resource suitable for the globalization of Chinese medicine. Traditionally, it has been used in various ethnic medical systems in East Asia, especially in China, to kill insects and dispel dampness. Sophora flavescens is commonly used for clearing heat-clearing, killing worms, and diuretic. Nowdays, accumulating studies demonstrated its anticancer and cardioprotection.This paper aims to systematically review information on the genus, pharmacological and toxicological significance, chemical composition and biological activity of Sophora flavescens. To promoting its development and application. To summarize recent findings regarding to the metabolism, pharmacological/toxicological effects of Sophora flavescens.Online academic databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI) were searched using search terms of "Sophora flavescens Aiton", "Ku shen", "Pharmacology", "Active ingredient", "Toxicology" and combinations to include published studies of Sophora flavescens Aiton primarily from 1970-2021. Several critical previous studies beyond this period were also included and other related terms.Sophora flavescens has a broad spectrum of biological activities associated with Sophora flavescens has been considered a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. However, there is a lack of in-depth studies on the medicinal uses of Sophora flavescens. Moreover, further studies on single chemical components should be conducted based on the diversity of chemical structures, significant biological activities and clinical applications. The discovery of its bioactive molecules and multi-component interactions would be of great importance for the clinical application of Sophora flavescens spp. Detailed pharmacological and toxicological studies on the classic prescriptions of Sophora flavescens are also needed. It is more beneficial to the wide application of SF plant and facilitates the worldwide promotion of modern Chinese medicine. However, an increasing number of reports indicate that the administration of Sophora flavescens has serious adverse effects. Its main toxic effects are neurotoxicity and acute toxicity, which have caused widespread concern worldwide. In addition, the alkaloids of Sophora flavescens are distributed in the heart, liver, stomach and large intestine. They are excreted from the body through gluconeogenesis, which is the mode of action of certain therapeutic mechanisms of action such as anticancer. The detailed metabolic study of alkaloids and other components of Sophora flavescens in vivo needs to be further investigated. It is important to improve the pharmacological effects and reduce the toxicity of Sophora flavescens. For this purpose, structural modification of active components of Sophora flavescens or combination with other drugs is very essential.

Similar to traditional luxuries, affordable luxuries enjoy a high level of perceived product quality and perceived social status, but the effectiveness of price promotions of purchasing affordable luxury products is different from that of traditional luxuries. In order to further investigate the purchases of affordable luxuries, we used event-related potential (ERP) technology to reveal the formation of the purchase intention toward affordable luxuries at original prices (high or low) and current prices (discounted or non-discounted). Compared with the high-priced affordable luxury without a price promotion and the low-priced affordable luxury with a price promotion, consumers showed a stronger intention toward the high-priced affordable luxury with a price promotion, by weighing up three factors, perceived product quality, perceived social status, and perceived monetary saving at the behavioral level. A shorter reaction time emerged in the price promotion condition than in the absent price promotion condition when the original price was low. At the neural level, a decrease in N2 amplitude was found in the high original price and discounted current price condition than the high original price and non-discounted current price condition and the low original price and discounted current price condition, respectively, suggesting that the price information of the latter two conditions might not be the expectation information of subjects, and thus, the enhanced conflict is produced. The high-priced affordable luxury product without a price discount evoked a more positive LPP amplitude than the high-priced affordable luxury product with price promotions or than the low-priced affordable luxury item without price promotions, demonstrating that participants could regard the former as an evaluative inconsistent condition and the latter as evaluative consistent conditions. These results are helpful to better understand the effects of price promotions on purchasing affordable luxury products at different original prices.

Solubilities, refractive indices, densities, and pH for the ternary system (NaBO2 + Na2B4O7 + H2O) at 298.15 K were measured by the dissolution equilibrium method. The phase diagram of the ternary ...

Objectives: With a longitudinal design, we aimed to investigate the relationship between poverty and the risk of incident cognitive impairment in China.Methods: We used three waves of the Chinese L...

Depression is the most commonly diagnosed disorder among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding the association between the depression and the cognitive and physical function has important clinical implications in promoting the quality of life. Although evidences existed that patients with TBI experienced depression, cognitive impairment, and reduction in physical function. However, the relationship among these three conditions was not well understood. In the current study, we used the Hamilton Depression Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Scale, and Activity of Daily Living Scale to assess the conditions of depression, cognition, and activities of daily living (ADL) among 145 TBI patients. To better understand the relationship between depression, cognition, and ADL, the data was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The Odds Ratio (OR) was computed to explore the risk of cognitive impairment and low-activities of daily living with depression. A total of 62.9% (n = 90/145) of patients lived with depression. The risk of cognitive impairment was 2.30 times higher for patients with depression than patients without depression (OR = 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 4.90), and the risk of low-activities of daily living was 5.14 times higher for patients with depression than patients without depression (OR = 5.14, 95% CI 2.17, 12.14). Compared to patients without depression, patients with depression scored worse on tests of language and visual-spatial perception, and were slower on tests of executive functioning. In summary, this study provides initial evidence that depression significantly affects the cognition and ADL of TBI patients.

Stimulated Raman transitions are often used in an atom interferometer (AI) for wave packet manipulation. Normally, two lasers with different frequencies contained in a Raman beam are combined first and then amplified by a single tapered amplifier (TA). This configuration can simplify the laser system of the AI, however, additional sidebands will be generated by the TA because of the nonlinear effect in the TA. In this work, the impact of additional sidebands generated with a single TA on the AI is studied. We first observe the additional sidebands in a Raman laser by a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI), and the additional sidebands will be greatly suppressed by reducing the injection laser power of the TA. This is also confirmed by observing the position-dependent Raman transitions induced by additional sidebands at different injection power in an AI. However, the phase shifts induced by additional sidebands are not reduced obviously when the injection power of the TA is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to separately amplify two lasers contained in the Raman laser by two TAs for a high precision AI. The spectroscopy of Raman laser generated by two TAs is also measured by the FPI, and the impact of additional sidebands on the AI is eliminated. This work has guiding significance for the design of the laser system in a high-precision AI.

Objectives A second outbreak of COVID-19 happened in China. We assessed the impact of quarantine duration on psychological outcomes and vaccination intention. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was employed. Participants were invited to complete the measurement of quarantine duration, social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing (WHO-5), and vaccination intention. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between quarantine duration and social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing, as well as vaccination intention. Results Of the 944 participants, 17.2% (7.8% quarantined for 1–7 days and 9.4% quarantined for > 7 days) of the sample have been quarantined. Quarantine for 1–7 days raised the social distancing(β = 2.61 95% CI 1.90–3.33) and vaccination intention (OR = 2.16 95% CI 1.22–3.82) .While quarantine for > 7 days was associated with the increases the social distancing(β = 3.00 95% CI 2.37–3.64) and psychological distress (β = 1.03 95% CI 0.22–1.86), and the decrease of wellbeing(β = 1.27 95% CI 0.29–2.26). Conclusions Longer quarantine duration reported a greater impact on social distancing and psychological distress, and a poorer wellbeing during the second COVID-19 pandemic. Quarantine for 1–7 days associated with the increase of vaccination intention. The duration of quarantine should be considered when preparing for immunization programs and preventing psychological disorders during COVID-19 pandemic.