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Purpose Despite the presence of electronic medical records systems, traditional paper-based methods are often used in many countries to document data and eliminate medical record deficiencies. These methods waste patient and hospital resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the traditional deficiency management system and determine the requirements of an electronic deficiency management system in settings that currently use paper records alongside electronic hospital information systems. Design/methodology/approach This mixed-method study was performed in three phases. First, the traditional process of medical records deficiency management was qualitatively evaluated. Second, the accuracy of identifying deficiencies by the traditional and redesigned checklists was compared. Third, the requirements for an electronic deficiency management system were discussed in focus group sessions. Findings Problems in the traditional system include inadequate guidelines, incomplete procedures for evaluating sheets and subsequent delays in activities. Problems also included the omission of some vital data elements and a lack of feedback about the documentation deficiencies of each documenter. There was a significant difference between the mean number of deficiencies identified by traditional and redesigned checklists (p < 0.0001). The authors proposed an electronic deficiency management system based on redesigned checklists with improved functionalities such as discriminating deficiencies based on the documenter’s role, providing systematic feedback and generating automatic reports. Originality/value Previous studies only examined the positive effect of audit and feedback methods to enhance the documentation of data elements in electronic and paper medical records. The authors propose an electronic deficiency management system for medical records to solve those problems. Health-care policymakers, hospital managers and health information systems developers can use the proposed system to manage deficiencies and improve medical records documentation.

Despite the benefits of applying Information technology (IT) in-home care some challenges may affect the quality of the services. To deal with these challenges, it is required to identify them before providing such services. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically determine the challenges and barriers of using health IT in-home care. Moreover, the possible solutions reported in the included studies were examined.We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies published between January 2010 and January 2020. For quality assessment of the included articles the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Effective Public Health Practice Project checklists were used. The Supporting the Use of Research Evidence (Supporting the Use of Research Evidence (SURE)) framework was used to categorise the identified barriers and challenges.Of 1755 retrieved studies, 47 studies were included. The main barriers and challenges based on the SURE framework were categorised to Facilities (n = 35), Legislation or regulations (n = 19), Knowledge and skills (n = 18), Attitudes regarding programme acceptability, appropriateness and credibility (n = 16), Financial resources (n = 10), Motivation to change (n = 9), and External communication (n = 8). Studies mostly provided solutions regarding challenges related to the usability and functionality of the applied technology.The results of this study can help policy-makers and managers of health care organisations to be informed regarding the existing barriers, and implement safer and more effective home care systems. Awareness regarding barriers and potential challenges can help to provide optimal IT-based interventions and facilitate providing home services.

Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has the highest mortality rate in the world. ICU has special equipment that leads to the hospital's most costly parts. The length of stay in the ICU is a special issue, and reducing this time is a practical approach. We aimed to use artificial intelligence to help early and timely diagnosis of the disease to help with health. Methods: We designed a rule-based intelligent system to predict the length of stay and the mortality rate of trauma patients in ICU. A neuro-Fuzzy and eight machine learning models were used to predict the mortality rate in trauma patients in ICU. The performances of these techniques were evaluated with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve. Decision-Table was used to predict the length of stay in trauma patients in ICU. For comparison, eight machine learning models were used. The method is compared based on Mean absolute error and relative absolute error (%). Results: Neuro-Fuzzy expert system and Decision-Table showed better results than other techniques. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and ROC Area of Nero-Fuzzy are 83.6735, 0.9744, 0.3000, 0.8379, and 1, respectively. The mean absolute error and Relative absolute error (%) of the Decision-Table model are 4.5426 and 65.4391, respectively. Conclusion: Neuro-Fuzzy expert system with the highest level of accuracy and a Decision-Table with the lowest Mean absolute error, which are rule-based models, are the best models. Therefore, these models are recommended as a valuable tool for prediction parameters of ICU as well as medical decision-making.

Objectives: This study aims to describe healthcare professionals' experience in providing mental health services to women with postpartum depression. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five physicians, five midwives, and five psychologists from fourteen urban healthcare centers in Kerman, Iran, from April 2019 to September 2019. We used purposeful sampling to select the participants. Data were qualitatively analyzed using a content analysis approach. Results: Data analysis revealed the main theme of the study, "the long way ahead of comprehensive, integrated and responsive mental health services." This theme includes four categories: "postpartum depression challenges, "social and personal factors," "structural challenges," and "need to change in the mental health services." The participants described that the diagnosis of depression is difficult due to insufficient knowledge of healthcare providers and hidden signs of postpartum depression. The participants described how different factors might cause depression. These factors were economic, cultural factors in the society, personality traits, community lack of knowledge, negative attitude toward depression, and limited family support. Moreover, providing mental health services has some challenges, such as limited human resources, insufficient financial resources, and incomplete or inefficient policy makings. Conclusion: Although measures have been taken to provide mental health services, there are many challenges regarding providing mental health services to mothers. Therefore, there is a need to take serious measures to improve mental health services and re-define the existing measures. Informing the community, empowering the healthcare providers, and planning to change the community's attitude and belief can affect women's mental health care with depression. Keywords: Postpartum Depression, Mental Health Services, Community Mental Health Services, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder.

Background To optimize appointment systems, it is necessary to assess their users’ perspectives. This study aims to determine the use of various appointment systems among patients in academic outpatient centers and to investigate their perspectives and satisfaction. Methods This survey study was conducted on 332 patients or those accompanying patients in academic outpatient centers. A five-part questionnaire consisting of (1) demographic information, (2) willingness to use systems, (3) problems when using these systems, (4) problems after reserving the appointment, (5) recommendations and critics was used. The relationship between the system of interest and the available tools was examined by the Chi-square test, and the relationship between demographic characteristics and satisfaction was assessed using multiple regression. Results The participants’ overall satisfaction towards appointment systems, regardless of the type of system, was 49.12 ± 16.04 (out of 100). Satisfaction with the appointment system using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) was significantly higher than the other two systems (p = 0.03). Web-based application and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) were the most frequently used systems with 61% and 48%, respectively. More than half of those who had access to a telephone (56%) preferred the IVR appointment system, and most of those who had Internet access (71%) preferred the web-based application (p Conclusion The web-based application and IVR are the most frequently used and favorable appointment system among the patients or those accompanying patients. Despite the availability of the infrastructure, the participant had moderate satisfaction with these systems due to their failures. Therefore, to have more efficient systems and increase patients or those accompanying patients satisfaction with these systems, healthcare authorities should have a plan to solve the problems of these systemes and use the capacity of information resources to inform the community regarding these systems.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate HIV/AIDS mobile applications using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and rate the features of these applications using the new tool called the Feature-based Application Rating Method (FARM). Methods In this study, all available HIV/AIDS apps in Iran from Cafe Bazaar and Google Play Store due to inclusion criteria were studied. The evaluation of the quality of applications was done using the MARS tool and the FARM tool. The FARM, which was developed in this study, was applied to rank the features of the applications. Results In this study, 79 applications were included. The mean score of all apps using both tools was 3.58 (SD = 0.95) out of 5. The overall mean quality score based on the MARS was 3.14 (SD = 0.84), and the mean score of features based on FARM was 3.81 (SD = 1.23). This study showed a higher than moderate correlation between the scores assigned to apps based on the MARS and FARM tools (r > 0.4). Conclusions The HIV/AIDS mobile applications available in Iran had the "acceptable" ranking. Also, our study results showed that to evaluate mobile apps, using a single tool may not provide good insight to evaluators about the assessed apps. However, using more than one tool may provide more details about the evaluated apps. To improve the quality of mobile health apps and help users select the most desirable app, we suggested using tools like FARM for ranking apps based on the features of each app in the app stores.

Background Recently, the application of bulk-fill composite resins has increased significantly. Attrition wear and the consequently increased surface roughness of composite resins are among the causes of restoration failure in the posterior teeth. This study aimed to compare the attrition wear and surface roughness of four types of bulk-fill composite resins compared to a conventional composite resin. Methods EverX-Posterior, X-tra fil, SonicFill 2, and Filtek Bulk-Fill composites (bulk-fill) and Z250 composite (conventional resin composite) were evaluated. Thirty cylindrical specimens (n = 6) were weighed and monitored for 24 h until their weight was stabilized. The primary surface roughness of the specimens was measured by a profilometer. The specimens were then subjected to attrition wear in a chewing simulator. Next, the specimens were weighed, and the surface roughness was measured again. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at P Results According to one-way ANOVA, the difference in weight loss was significant among the groups (P = 0.004) but the difference in surface roughness of the groups was not significant after the attrition wear (P > 0.05). Tukey’s post-hoc test showed that the weight loss of bulk-fill composites was not significantly different from that of Z250 conventional composite after the attrition wear (P > 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it appears that the tested bulk-fill composite resins are comparable to the conventional composite regarding their attrition wear, increased surface roughness, and weight loss.

Introduction: Various training methods such as web-based training tools have been developed to achieve the potential benefits of classification systems developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Given that users of these tools have different levels of capability, usability problems could reduce the speed and accuracy of learning among users interacting with these tools. This study aims to identify usability problems of web-based training tools under the WHO family of international classifications (WHO-FIC).Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, ten trained evaluators independently examined WHO-FIC training tools using the heuristic evaluation method. The identified problems were classified into 10 Nielsen’s usability heuristics. Then, their average severity was calculated.Results: In total, 40 usability problems were identified after merging and eliminating the duplicates. The highest number of problems was related to ICD-10 training tool (n=20). The highest number of problems was related to heuristics of aesthetic and minimalist design (25.0%), and user control and freedom (17.5%). Heuristics of flexibility and efficiency of use and helping users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors had the highest average severity of problems.Conclusion: Violating heuristics of aesthetic and minimalist design, user control and freedom and recognition rather than recall were among the most common problems of WHO-FIC training tools. Evaluators reported that half of the user interface problems of WHO-FIC training tools were of major and catastrophe type. Solving the usability problems of these tools could lead to ease of work, increased speed of learning and acceptance of these systems among users.

Geography plays an important role in the incidence of respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and geographical distribution of death due to noninfectious lower respiratory diseases (NILRDs).Data related to all death due to NILRD in Kerman Province between 2012 and 2018 were extracted from the National Mortality Registry. The underlying causes of death were extracted from the registry based on the assigned codes from ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision) classification. The existence of spatial clusters and outliers was evaluated using local indicators of spatial association statistics.The frequency of death due to NILRD was 8005 persons during the 7 years of the study. The main cause of death was chronic lower respiratory disease (54.2%). Other causes of death were, respectively, lung diseases due to external agents (1.09%), other respiratory diseases mainly affecting the interstitium (1.16%), other diseases of pleura (0.57%), and other diseases of the respiratory system (42.13%). The age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates due to NILRD in the north and center of the province increased significantly from 2012 to 2018. Also, the results of cluster analysis identified northern regions as the clustered areas of NILRD.Our findings showed a significant increase in mortality due to NILRD in Kerman Province during the 7 years of the study. To reduce this type of death, health policymakers should have environmental health plans and basic solutions, such as a warning system to reduce the commuting on highly air-polluted days and to control pollutants, especially in the industrial areas of the north of this province.

Background Despite the rapid expansion of electronic health records, the use of computer mouse and keyboard, challenges the data entry into these systems. Speech recognition software is one of the substitutes for the mouse and keyboard. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of online and offline speech recognition software on spelling errors in nursing reports and to compare them with errors in handwritten reports. Methods For this study, online and offline speech recognition software were selected and customized based on unrecognized terms by these softwares. Two groups of 35 nurses provided the admission notes of hospitalized patients upon their arrival using three data entry methods (using the handwritten method or two types of speech recognition software). After at least a month, they created the same reports using the other methods. The number of spelling errors in each method was determined. These errors were compared between the paper method and the two electronic methods before and after the correction of errors. Results The lowest accuracy was related to online software with 96.4% and accuracy. On the average per report, the online method 6.76, and the offline method 4.56 generated more errors than the paper method. After correcting the errors by the participants, the number of errors in the online reports decreased by 94.75% and the number of errors in the offline reports decreased by 97.20%. The highest number of reports with errors was related to reports created by online software. Conclusion Although two software had relatively high accuracy, they created more errors than the paper method that can be lowered by optimizing and upgrading these softwares. The results showed that error correction by users significantly reduced the documentation errors caused by the software.

Improving maternal health is a global health priority and requires accurate evaluation of factors affecting maternal health. Geographic information systems have been used to explore maternal health problems.The aim of this study was to identify studies that used geographic information systems in the field of maternal health care and to determine maternal health and mortality variables visualized on these systems.This was a scoping review in which we systematically searched PubMed and Science Direct for studies that used geographic information systems to evaluate maternal health care. We included all relevant cross-sectional studies published in English between December 1995 and December 2017. We extracted the following information from each study included: study year, region, objectives, type of geographic information system used, variables visualized by the geographic information system, and all other variables examined that related to maternal health.Of 5240 articles initially retrieved, 40 were included for detailed review. Most of the studies (n = 32) were done in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Most of the studies (n = 33) visualized mothers' distance to health facilities and travel time to health care centres on geographic information systems. Other factors examined included antenatal care capacity (n = 4) and capacity of maternal health services (n = 3).Comprehensive research on the application of geographic information systems in maternal care is lacking. Most studies applied simple descriptive mapping of spatial distribution patterns with a few relevant variables.تطبيق نُظُم المعلومات الجغرافية في مجال صحة الأم: استعراض استكشافي.ليلى أحمديان، فاطمة صالحي، قمبيز بهاء الدين بيجي.يُعد تحسين صحة الأم أولوية صحية على الصعيد العالمي، ويتطلب تقييماً دقيقاً للعوامل التي تؤثر على صحة الأم. وقد استُخدِمت نُظم المعلومات الجغرافية لاستكشاف المشاكل المتعلقة بصحة الأم.هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد الدراسات التي تستخدم نُظم المعلومات الجغرافية في مجال الرعاية الصحية للأمهات، وتحديد متغيرات صحة الأم ووَفَيَات الأمهات التي تُظهرها هذه النُظم.كان هذا استعراضاً استكشافياً بحثنا فيه بأسلوبٍ منهجي في قواعد بيانات PubMed و Science Direct عن الدراسات التي تستخدم نُظم المعلومات الجغرافية لتقييم الرعاية الصحية للأمهات. وأدرجنا جميع الدراسات المقطعية وثيقة الصلة المنشورة باللغة الإنجليزية في الفترة بين ديسمبر/كانون الأول 1995 وديسمبر/كانون الأول 2017. واستخلصنا المعلومات التالية من جميع الدراسات المُدرَجة: سنة الدراسة، والإقليم، والأهداف، ونوع نظام المعلومات الجغرافية المستخدَم، والمتغيرات التي يُظهرها نظام المعلومات الجغرافية، وجميع المتغيرات الأخرى التي درسناها والمتعلقة بصحة الأم.أُدرجت 40 مقالة للاستعراض التفصيلي من أصل 5240 مقالة استُجعت في البداية. وأُجريت معظم الدراسات (العدد = 32) في بلدان نامية في أفريقيا وآسيا وأمريكا اللاتينية ومنطقة البحر الكاريبي. وأظهرت معظم الدراسات (العدد = 33) بُعد الأمهات عن المرافق الصحية ووقت السفر إلى مراكز الرعاية الصحية في نُظُم المعلومات الجغرافية. وشملت العوامل الأخرى التي خضعت للدراسة القدرة على تقديم الرعاية السابقة للولادة (العدد = 4)، والقدرة على تقديم الخدمات الصحية للأمهات (العدد = 3).لا توجد بحوث شاملة بشأن تطبيق نُظم المعلومات الجغرافية في مجال رعاية الأمهات. وطبَّقت معظم الدراسات رسم خرائط وصفية بسيطة لأنماط التوزيع المكاني مع عددٍ قليلٍ من المتغيرات.Application des systèmes d’information géographique à la santé maternelle : étude exploratoire.L’amélioration de la santé maternelle est une priorité sanitaire à l’échelle mondiale et nécessite une évaluation précise des facteurs qui influent sur la santé des mères. Des systèmes d’information géographique ont été utilisés pour étudier les problèmes de santé maternelle.La présente étude avait pour objectif d’identifier les travaux de recherche faisant appel aux systèmes d’information géographique dans le domaine des soins de santé maternelle et de déterminer les variables en matière de santé et de mortalité maternelles que ces systèmes permettent de faire apparaître.Il s’agissait d’une étude exploratoire dans laquelle nous avons systématiquement recherché dans PubMed et Science Direct des études qui utilisaient des systèmes d’information géographique pour évaluer les soins de santé maternelle. Nous avons inclus toutes les études transversales pertinentes publiées en anglais entre décembre 1995 et décembre 2017. Nous avons extrait de chaque étude les informations suivantes : année d’étude, région, objectifs, type de système d’information géographique utilisé, variables mises en évidence par le système d’information géographique, et toutes les autres variables examinées concernant la santé maternelle.Sur 5240 articles initialement récupérés, 40 ont fait l’objet d’une analyse détaillée. La plupart des études (n = 32) ont été réalisées dans des pays en développement en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes. Grâce aux systèmes d’information géographique, la plupart des études (n = 33) ont permis de faire ressortir la distance entre le lieu d’habitation des mères et les établissements de santé ainsi que le temps de trajet pour se rendre dans les centres de soins. Les autres facteurs examinés portaient sur les capacités en matière de soins prénatals (n = 4) et de santé maternelle (n = 3).Il n’existe pas de recherche exhaustive sur l’application des systèmes d’information géographique aux soins maternels. La plupart des études ont appliqué une cartographie descriptive simple des schémas de répartition spatiale, complétée par l’ajout de quelques variables pertinentes.

Purpose The integrons, as the mobile exogenous elements, play a prominent role in the spreading of antimicrobial resistance genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to other bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of class 1 integrons andresistance gene cassettes carrying by them in clinical isolates as well as multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa. Materials and methods A total of 100 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from 5 hospitals in Mazandaran province, north Iran. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was evaluated using the disk agar diffusion method. Genomic DNAs were extracted and then the presence of class 1 integrons was detected by the PCR test. All PCR products of the positive isolates were sequenced for the detection of resistance gene cassettes by the Sanger method. Results Forty-one percent of the clinical isolates were multi-drug resistant. Also, 42% of the isolates were contained class 1 integron, and 61.9% of the integron positive isolates were detected as MDR. We detected 10 different gene cassettes sizing from 0.6 to 3.5 kb in the present study. The sequencing analysis of the internal variable regions of the class 1 integrons showed that the 0.75 kb gene cassette (aadB) was the most frequent resistance gene (54.76%) among all clinical isolates, as well as the MDR isolates. Other resistance genes detected in this study were included: aadA6-orfD (35.71%), aacA4-bla OXA-10 (21.42%), aadB-aacA4-bla OXA-10 (19.04%), bla OXA-10-aacA4-VIM1 (11.9%), aacA4-catB10 (7.14%), aacA5-aadA1-cmlA5 (7.14%), bla OXA31-aadA2 (4.76%), and aac(3)-Ic-aacA5-cmlA5 (4.76%). To the best of our knowledge, bla OXA-10 -aacA4-VIM1 cassette array is detected for the first time in this study. Conclusion The treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa in this region of Iran is a major problem due to the high prevalence of class 1 integrons. It seems that the high prescription of beta-lactams and aminoglycosides for the treatment of these infections may be replaced by other combination therapy stewardships.

Introduction: The purpose of this systematic review was investigating the implementation outcomes of the diagnosis-related groups. Methods: In this study, articles evaluating the effect of DRG impl...

We investigated the visible-light sensitive photocatalytic ability of a designed ternary Pd-GO/TiON nano-composite for use as an effective photocatalyst in membranes. We succeeded in synthesizing the TiO2-based photocata-lyst for Suzuki coupling reaction and application of this photocatalyst for fabricating high performance photocatalytic membrane. In this regard, palladium metal as a complementary metal in combination with N-doped TiO2 (TiON) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was utilized to synthesize the upgraded version of the visible light sensitive nanocom-posite photocatalyst. The synthesis of Pd-GO/TiON hierarchical nanostructure was confirmed by detecting Ti, Pd, C, O and N elements by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and EDX mapping analysis. Then, a series of PVDF-based photocatalytic nanocomposite membranes (PhNMs) filled with Pd-GO/TiON was fabricated. Evaluating the yield of Pd-GO/TiON photocatalyst was around 99% and 70% for heterogeneous system and the prepared PhNM containing 3% Pd-GO/TiON, respectively. Although, yield of Pd-GO/TiON photocatalyst in membrane is not comparable with the high yield reported by other researchers in heterogeneous system; however, it can be considered as a valuable result because of the importance of photocatalytic reactions and the environmental advantages of membrane technology. Furthermore, various analyses were also performed to study the synthesized photocata-lysts and the prepared photocatalytic membranes, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (DRS).

The timely and accurate diagnosis of ENT (Ear, Nose, and throat) diseases in deprived areas is very important due to the increased burden of the disease in high-risk populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify, validate and prioritize the information needs of stakeholders of a tele-otology system for diagnosing ear diseases and to provide a solution.In this study, to identify the information need of the stakeholders and prioritize them, the spiral-iterative model was used. Data were obtained through direct observation, interviews with 23 stakeholders (6 ENT specialist doctors, 3 health center managers, 2 patients, and 12 health facilitators), and a survey among all ENT specialists and residents (n = 49), working in Kerman province, Iran. Finally, based on the study findings, the important information needs of the stakeholders were considered as the input for developing the tele-otology software.In the observation phase, the workflow of the tele-otology system was developed. In the interview phase, 4 main themes including patient information; Technology and communication; Policy, guidelines, and requirements; Facilitator skills and knowledge were determined. In total, the four categories of the iterative-spiral model including strategic, patient information, commercial and technical with 8, 9, 3, and 9 sub-categories, respectively, were prioritized by specialists which were considered as input for system development.By applying the spiral-iterative model, the prototype included a mobile app and server system was developed. In the final solution, the possibility of capturing patient history and video images was provided for facilitators to help physicians in effective diagnosis. The results of this study, while identifying the workflow of service providers and determining their information needs can help telemedicine system developers to have an optimal design when designing systems for the diagnosis of ear disease.

Background Lack of attention to end-users' requirements and preferences may lead to the failure of health information technology (IT) interventions. Identifying users’ needs for designing a mobile application can lead to the development of an acceptable intervention. This study aimed to determine the requirements for designing a mobile application to educate and provide needed information to contact lens (CL) wearers. Methods A qualitative study was conducted on 24 CL wearers and nine eye care practitioners from the three CL clinics in Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the conventional content analysis proposed by Lundman and Graneheim. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. Results The three main categories that emerged from the interviews were mobile application content, mobile application functionalities, and mobile application features. Ten subcategories and 57 sub-subcategories were also identified. It was determined that mobile content should focus on advice and information for optimizing the CL wearing experience and training regarding the use of CLs. Entering information required for self-care, computational capability, interactivity, updates, and reminders were determined as needed functionalities. The participants recommended features for the structure and user interface of the mobile application and information presentation methods. Conclusion This study identified the information needed to develop a mobile application for CL wearers. This also provides insights regarding required functionalities when applying IT interventions. These findings can be used by CL clinics, developers of health information systems, policymakers, and health planners to design better CL-related care and compliance interventions.

Background To facilitate disease management, understanding the attitude of healthcare professionals regarding the use of this tool can help mobile health (mHealth) program developers develop appropriate interventions. Aims To assess the perspective of healthcare professionals regarding the contribution of mobile-based interventions in the prevention, diagnosis, self-care, and treatment (PDST) of COVID-19. Methods This is a survey study conducted in 2020 in Iran with 81 questions. In this study mHealth functionalities were categorized into four dimensions including innovative, monitoring and screening, remote services, and education and decision-making. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and the Kruskal–Wallis test to compare the attitudes of the different job groups. Results In total, 123 providers participated, and 87.4% of them reported that mHealth technology is moderate to most helpful for the management of COVID-19. Healthcare professionals believed that mHealth technology could be most helpful in self-care and least helpful in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Regarding the functionalities of the mobile application, the results showed that the use of patient decision aids can be most helpful in self-care and the use of computer games can be least helpful in treatment. The participants believed that mHealth is more effective in monitoring and screening dimensions and less effective in providing remote services. Conclusions This study showed that healthcare professionals believed that mHealth technology could have a better contribution to self-care for patients with COVID-19. Therefore, it is better to plan and invest more in the field of self-care to help patients to combat COVID-19. The results of this study revealed which mhealth functionalities work better in four domains of prevention, treatment, self-care, and diagnosis of COVID-19. This can help healthcare authorities to implement appropriate IT-based interventions to combat COVID-19.

Background Despite the use of health information technology (HIT) for controlling and managing lupus, its effectiveness has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of HIT in controlling and managing lupus. Methods We searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, using "self-management", "self-care" and "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" keywords. Two researchers selected relevant papers and extracted data using a data collection form. Disagreements were resolved in consultation with the third and fourth researchers. After extraction, the data were analyzed. Results Totally, 23 papers met the inclusion criteria. About 75% of the studies used web and telephone-based technologies. Most services provided with health technologies were ‘Training’ and ‘consulting’. The ‘lifestyle" and ‘Consultation and education’ axes were the most widely used HIT services to control and manage lupus. While, ‘Better management and control of the disease’, ‘Increasing knowledge and awareness of people about lupus’ and ‘Improving behaviors and attitudes toward self-management and self-care’ were also the most important outcomes. ‘Collectiing patient data and information’, 'Providing education and consultation services to patients', 'Measuring patient-reported outcomes', and 'Increasing patients' knowledge and awareness of their disease' were the most important advantages of various technologies. 'Slow internet speed' and 'Challenges and problems related to appearance and usability' and 'Patient concerns about privacy and misuse of their data' were three disadvantages of technologies. Conclusion The findings showed that HIT can improve the management and control of lupus and facilitate self-efficacy, self-care, and self-management in patients. The axes and data elements identified in this study can be the basis for developing and implementing efficient HIT-based systems to improve, control, and manage lupus.

Introduction Using information technology (IT) for purposes such as patient education and disease prevention and management is effective when patients are ready to use it. The objective of this study was to determine the readiness of patients with renal failure to use health IT. Methods This study was performed on all dialysis patients in South Khorasan province (n = 263) using a 28-item questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of (1) demographic information of participants and (2) questions concerning eight main factors including the need for information, desire to receive information, ability to use computers and the Internet, computers and the Internet anxiety, communication with physicians, using mobile phones and concerns about security and confidentiality of information. Descriptive statistics and Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results About 15% of the participants stated that they do not want to receive information from the Internet. Anxiety and concern about Internet security and confidentiality were higher in women, married people, people over 60, villagers, and illiterate people (p p p Conclusion Despite the need of most patients to online health information, they do not use this information due to a lack of skills and experience to use IT. Therefore, the ability of users should be considered when developing IT-based interventions. Due to patients' concerns about Internet privacy, it is required to teach patients how to protect their privacy while using the Internet.

Using health information systems capable of supporting decision-making can play a major role in improving nurses’ performance and facilitating the medication process. Besides, identifying data elements and functionalities of the nursing decision support system can help health developers and policymakers in the design process. Thus, the present systematic review aims to identify the data elements and functionalities of the current systems to implement a clinical decision support system for pediatrics and neonates. This research can help to design an optimal decision support system for medication administration.

The aim of this before-after study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the confidentiality status of unprotected information stored on computer desktop in a psychiatric hospital. All switched-on computer systems were inspected in 2017-2018 at the baseline and 7 months after placing an educational poster. The log-in conditions and files stored on the desktop were reviewed using a researcher-made checklist; moreover, users answered questions about the possible mechanism of deleting information stored on the desktop. The number of files stored on desktops, the number of systems left switched on and unused, and the number of systems without a log-in password decreased in the second phase than the first phase of this study. Furthermore, automatic locking of computers after a specified period increased. The educational intervention reduced significantly the storage of information on desktops and improved security mechanisms such as using passwords and autolock. This study showed using an educational poster can encourage users to preserve the security of information, comply with security guidelines such as locking unused computers, and prevent access to confidential information.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits and challenges of the tele-speech therapy from the perspective of patients who stutter, and their parents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 patients and three parents in two rehabilitation centers. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Seven categories were determined: accessible treatment, motivation of comfort in tele-speech therapy, challenges of tele-therapy, satisfaction, virtual competency, lower quality compared to face-to-face therapy, and uncertainty about the effectiveness of tele-speech therapy. The participants had a two-sided perspective regarding tele-speech therapy. Positive experiences included benefitting from more qualified therapists at multiple locations, faster access to treatment, and saving cost and time. Negative experiences and challenges consisted of low-quality of technology infrastructure for rehabilitation including low quality of shared images and videos, ineffective communication, insufficient sympathy, indirect communication, and technology incompetency. Findings showed that the participants were interested in the application of tele-speech therapy, as this method could increase their accessibility and provide the opportunity to choose proper therapists. The determined benefits and challenges can provide the policy-makers with beneficial information to implement tele-speech therapy.

Background:The most common gender-specific malignancies are cancers of the breast and the prostate. In developing countries, cancer screening of all at risk is impractical because of healthcare resource limitations. Thus, determining high-risk areas might be an important first screening step. This study explores incidence patterns of potential high-risk clusters of breast and prostate cancers in southern Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Kerman, South Iran. Patient data were aggregated at the county and district levels calculating the incidence rate per 100,000 people both for cancers of the breast and the prostate. We used the natural-break classification with five classes to produce descriptive maps. A spatial clustering analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) was used to identify potential clusters and outliers in the pattern of these cancers from 2014 to 2017.Results:There were 1,350 breast cancer patients (including, 42 male cases) and 478 prostate cancer patients in the province of Kerman, Iran during the study period. After 45 years of age, the number of men with diagnosed prostate cancer increased similarly to that of breast cancer for women after 25 years of age. The age-standardised incidence rate of breast cancer for women showed an increase from 29.93 to 32.27 cases per 100,000 people and that of prostate cancer from 13.93 to 15.47 cases per 100,000 during 2014-2017. Cluster analysis at the county level identified high-high clusters of breast cancer in the north-western part of the province for all years studied, but the analysis at the district level showed high-high clusters for only two of the years. With regard to prostate cancer, cluster analysis at the county and district levels identified high-high clusters in this area of the province for two of the study years.Conclusions:North-western Kerman had a significantly higher incidence rate of both breast and prostate cancer than the average, which should help in designing tailored screening and surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses regarding the potential relationship between increased incidence of cancers in certain geographical areas and environmental risk factors.

Background The most common gender-specific malignancies are cancers of the breast and the prostate. In developing countries, cancer screening of all at risk is impractical because of healthcare resource limitations. Thus, determining high-risk areas might be an important first screening step. This study explores incidence patterns of potential high-risk clusters of breast and prostate cancers in southern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Kerman, South Iran. Patient data were aggregated at the county and district levels calculating the incidence rate per 100,000 people both for cancers of the breast and the prostate. We used the natural-break classification with five classes to produce descriptive maps. A spatial clustering analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) was used to identify potential clusters and outliers in the pattern of these cancers from 2014 to 2017. Results There were 1350 breast cancer patients (including, 42 male cases) and 478 prostate cancer patients in the province of Kerman, Iran during the study period. After 45 years of age, the number of men with diagnosed prostate cancer increased similarly to that of breast cancer for women after 25 years of age. The age-standardised incidence rate of breast cancer for women showed an increase from 29.93 to 32.27 cases per 100,000 people and that of prostate cancer from 13.93 to 15.47 cases per 100,000 during 2014–2017. Cluster analysis at the county level identified high-high clusters of breast cancer in the north-western part of the province for all years studied, but the analysis at the district level showed high-high clusters for only two of the years. With regard to prostate cancer, cluster analysis at the county and district levels identified high-high clusters in this area of the province for two of the study years. Conclusions North-western Kerman had a significantly higher incidence rate of both breast and prostate cancer than the average, which should help in designing tailored screening and surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses regarding the potential relationship between increased incidence of cancers in certain geographical areas and environmental risk factors.

BACKGROUND The most important reason for vaccination delay is the unawareness of the parents of vaccination schedule. The use of reminders can result in better vaccination coverage. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the preferred method of receiving vaccination reminders from the parents' perspective. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We studied the parents of under 7-year-old children who visited one of the six urban health centres in Mashhad for vaccination of their children in 2017. Three hundred parents were participated based on the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of five sections. Five Medical Informatics specialists confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. The data were analysed by descriptive-inferential statistics and the significance level was set at p

Background: Information literacy is one of the important prerequisites for an effective evidence-based practice (EBP). Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to curricular development and use new educational methods such as virtual education to strengthen information literacy competency in nursing students. This study investigated the effect of virtual education on nursing students’ information literacy competency for EBP.Methods: This interventional study was performed with two groups of intervention and control and a pretest and posttest design. Seventy-nine nursing students were selected and assigned into the intervention or control groups by random sampling. Virtual education of the information literacy was uploaded on a website in the form of seven modules delivered in four weeks. Questionnaires of demographic information and information literacy for EBP were used to collect data before and one month after the virtual education.Results: The results showed no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in all dimensions of information literacy competency in the pre-test stage. In the post-test, the virtual education improved some dimensions of information literacy competency for EBP including information seeking skills (t= 3.144, p= 0.002) and knowledge about search operators (t= 39.84, p= 0.001) in the intervention groups compared with the control group. Virtual education of the information literacy did not have any significant effect on nursing students in terms of use of different information resources and development of search strategy and frequency of the correct answer to the question of formulating a search strategy in intervention group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Virtual education had a significant effect some demotions of the information literacy competency for EBP in nursing students. Nursing professors and educators are recommended to train information literacy by integrating virtual and face-to-face education. Researchers should also examine the effectiveness of these interventions, their barriers and facilitators.

Attaining a high performance proton exchange membrane as a suitable replacement for Nafion is one of the research priorities of fuel cell research. In this regard, we synthesized a copolyimide consisting of sulfonic acid substituents filled with different content of GO grafted sulfonated poly (urea-co-urethane) via in situ condensation polymerization. All nanocomposites showed a significant increase in thermal, mechanical properties, ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake (WU) and proton conductivity by incorporation of the modified GO nanosheets and the best results were found for membrane containing 1 wt% modified GO loading. The nanocomposite membrane with 1 wt% modified GO nanosheets exhibits 0.73 meq g−1 IEC and 7.3 mS cm−1 proton conductivity at room temperature. A single fuel cell test of this membrane demonstrates a maximum power density of 26.30 mW cm−2 at 0.26 V.

Background: Breast and prostate cancers are the most common gender-specific malignancies. In developing countries, screening of all population at risk of cancers is impractical because of the healthcare resource limitations. Thus, determining the high-risk areas of Cancers might be an important step to conduct a screening program at high-risk areas. This study explores potential high-risk clusters in the incidence pattern of breast and prostate cancers in southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Kerman, South Iran. Patient data were aggregated at the county and district levels and the incidence rate per 100,000 people for both breast and prostate cancer were calculated. We used the natural break classification with five classes to produce descriptive maps. A spatial clustering analysis ( Anselin Local Moran’s I ) was used to identify potential clusters and outliers in the pattern of these cancers from 2014 to 2017. Results: The Age-Standardised Incidence Rate of breast cancer showed an increase from 29.93 to 32.27 cases per 100,000 people and prostate cancer from 13.93 to 15.47 cases per 100,000 during 2014–2017. Cluster analysis at the county level identified high-high clusters of breast cancer in the North-West of the province for all years, but the analysis at the district level showed high-high clusters for only two of the years. Furthermore, cluster analysis at the county and district levels of prostate cancer also identified high-high clusters in the North-West of the province for two years. Conclusions: North-West Kerman had a significantly higher incidence rate of both breast and prostate cancer. These findings may help to design tailored screening and surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses to test potential relationships between environmental risk factors and incidence of cancers in areas with higher cancer risk.

Pregnant women get information about pregnancy andchild-birth from many sources, including the Internet. There is alack of evidence about the extent to which pregnant women usethis source. This study aimed to investigate the use of the Internetby pregnant women to search for information about pregnancyand childbirth. This study was conducted in Kerman, Iran. Threehundred eighty-five pregnant women waiting for their appointmentswith obstetricians/gynecologists participated in the survey byfilling out a questionnaire. The most common searched topicswere nutrition in pregnancy (81%), fetal development (67%), andcomplications of pregnancy (49%). The most popular sources ofinformation were physicians (61%), the Internet (51%), and printedsources (41%), respectively. More than half of the participantsdid not share the retrieved information from the Internet with theirhealth professionals. After being examined by a physician, 43% ofthe participants searched the Internet about the discussed topic.Beside physicians, the Internet is the second common source ofpregnancy and childbirth information for Iranian pregnant women.Future studies are needed to analyze the quality and accuracy ofonline pregnancy and childbirth information.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tele-speech therapy on the recovery of patients with a stutter.This research was an interventional study conducted on the patients visiting two rehabilitation centres. In this study, patients with a stutter participated in the tele-speech therapy sessionsThe results showed a significant difference in the mean scores of stuttering severity before and after tele-speech therapy (Tele-speech therapy is an effective way for the treatment of stuttering patients irrespective of their age, gender, and educational background. This method can improve patient's speech and reduce stuttering. Implications for RehabilitationTele-rehabilitation is an effective way to treat stuttering.Tele-speech therapy can be implemented for any group of stuttering patients.Participants were satisfied with the tele-rehabilitation intervention.Tele-speech therapy accelerates the treatment process.Tele-speech therapy eliminates patient travels to speech therapies.

BackgroundMobile health (mHealth) due to its popularity and accessibility can be widely applied in different health areas such as the management of chronic diseases. However, its success depends on the acceptance of their users. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey the attitudes of patients with chronic disease toward mHealth technology and their willingness to use it.MethodsThis study was conducted within a 2-year period (2016–2018) to determine and compare the attitude and willingness of patients with asthma, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis (MS) toward using mHealth technology in a province in Iran.ResultsIn total, 222 patients participated in this study. More than 93 percent of the patients with diabetes and MS, and 65 percent of the asthmatic patients preferred using mHealth services rather than consulting a physician (p < .0001). About 98, 94, and 49 percent of the MS, diabetic, and asthmatic patients, respectively felt comfortable if their health conditions checked by physicians through mHealth technology (p < .0001).ConclusionsOur results showed that the majority of the patients felt comfortable and preferred using mHealth technology rather than consulting the physicians. The attitudes of diabetic and MS patients toward mHealth technology were rather more positive compared to asthmatic patient attitude. These results may be helpful for the developers of mHealth technology, and researchers who design mHelath interventions for patients with chronic disease.

Background Information technology (IT) plays an important role in nursing practice. Hence, nurses’ experiences and viewpoints about IT integration into healthcare help improve nurses’ adoption of IT. This study aimed to explore the nurses’ experiences and viewpoints about the benefits of IT integration and adoption in healthcare. Methods This study was conducted with a qualitative research approach. Participants included 14 nurses from four hospitals affiliated to a large medical university in Iran, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the conventional content analysis of Lundman and Graneheim. Results Six categories in the study reflected the nurses’ experiences and viewpoints about the benefits of integrating IT into health care. These categories included improving the quality and efficiency of medical services and care, facilitating the communication management in the technological environment, improving information documentation, management, and monitoring, improving resource management, improving management performance and policymaking, and facilitating pathways of organizational and professional growth. Conclusions Lessons learned in this study can help overcoming the barriers of IT adoption, and developing appropriate strategies to familiarize nurses with the benefits of IT in healthcare settings. Healthcare managers are recommended to investigate the experiences of nurses with IT in their hospitals and organize courses to orient hesitant nurses toward adopting IT.

In this study, the preparation and characterization of a new ternary nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membrane containing sulfonated PSU, MOF and silica nanoparticles were investigated as a polymer electrolyte membrane. The encapsulation of imidazole in NH2MIL-53(Al) and sulfonic acid functionalization of silica have been developed to produce proton-conducting nanoparticles. In addition, photografting polymerization of AMPS from PSU and sulfonation of PSU backbone was designed to prepare PSU chains bearing sulfonic acid groups. The embedding of MOF/Si nanoparticles resulted in significant improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared membranes. According to the result of proton conductivity, proton transport of the prepared nanocomposite membrane increases to 17 mS cm−1 by adding only 5% of sulfonic acid functionalized silica and imidazole-encapsulated MOF nanoparticles (at 70 °C). Also, this nanocomposite membrane showed a power density as high as 40.80 mW cm−2 at peak current density of 100.30 mA cm−2. The thermal and mechanical properties of these nanocomposite membranes were also studied.

Objective Investigating the required infrastructure for the implementation of telemedicine and the satisfaction of target groups improves the acceptance of this technology and facilitates the delivery of healthcare services. The aim of this study was to assess the satisfaction of patients with stutter concerning the therapeutic method and the infrastructure used to receive tele-speech therapy services. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on all patients with stutter aged between 14 and 39 years at Jahrom Social Welfare Bureau (n = 30). The patients underwent speech therapy sessions through video conferencing with Skype. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its content validity was confirmed by three medical informatics specialists. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results The mean and standard deviation of patient satisfaction scores concerning the infrastructure and the tele-speech therapy method were 3.15 ± 0.52 and 3.49 ± 0.52, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the patients satisfaction and their gender, education level and age (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that the number of speech therapy sessions did not affect the overall satisfaction of the patients (p > 0.05), but the number of therapeutic sessions had a direct relationship with their satisfaction with the infrastructure used for tele-speech therapy (p Conclusions The present study showed that patients were satisfied with tele-speech therapy. According to most patients the low speed of the Internet connection in the country was a major challenge for receiving tele-speech therapy. The results suggest that healthcare planner and policy makers invest on increasing bandwidth to improve the success rate of telemedicine programs.

ObjectiveTo define a core dataset for intensive care unit (ICU) patients outcome prediction in Iran. This core data set will lead us to design ICU outcome prediction models with the most effective parameters.MethodsA combination of literature review, national survey and expert consensus meetings were used. First, a literature review was performed by a general search in PubMed to find the most appropriate models for intensive care mortality prediction and their parameters. Second, in a national survey, experts from a couple of medical centres in all parts of Iran were asked to comment on a list of items retrieved from the earlier literature review study. In the next step, a multi-disciplinary committee of experts was installed. In four meetings, each data item was examined separately and included/excluded by committee consensus.ResultsThe combination of the literature review findings and experts’ consensus resulted in a draft dataset including 26 data items. Ninety-two percent of data items in the draft dataset were retrieved from the literature study and the others were suggested by the experts. The final dataset of 24 data items covers patient history and physical examination, chemistry, vital signs, oxygenations and some more specific parameters.ConclusionsThis dataset was designed to develop a nationwide prognostic model for predicting ICU mortality and length of stay. This dataset opens the door for creating standardised approaches in data collection in the Iranian intensive care unit estimation of resource utility.

In the electronic industry, there is an enormous request for high thermal conductivity polymer. In this regard, we propose a novel synthesis route to produce magnetically alignable 2D-nanofiller. In our work, surface modification of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs) with polyacrylamide brushes are explored. For this purpose, the post-polymerization reaction of BNNs is followed by the redox polymerization of acrylamide onto the surfaces of already hydroxyl-functionalized BNNs. Afterward, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are contributed to modified BNNs through polyacrylamide chelating effect. Finally, to provide high thermal conductive and magnetic responsive nanocomposites, the functionalized Fe3O4/BNNs are dispersed in epoxy matrix and aligned under an external magnetic field. According to the results of thermal conductivity studies, thermal transport of the nanocomposites increases to 0.37 W/mK by adding only 10% of functionalized Fe3O4/BNNs (at 25 °C). Mechanical and thermal properties of these nanocomp...

A highly efficient nanofiltration membrane should exhibit high separation performance in removing divalent salts and organic solutes, as well as high permeation to meet practical separation and purification applications in aqueous media. Here, we designed a series of hybrid multilayer thin film membranes filled with the structurally and morphologically different nanofillers such as hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) nanosheets and metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles, consisting of 3 and 6 layer pairs of polyelectrolyte through the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique (LBL) and characterized them in terms of dye and salt separation, as well as permeation. The rejection performance and permeability of the designed membranes manifested that HBN nanosheets were more effective than MOF nanoparticles in achieving a high-performance membrane. As compared to the bare multilayer thin film membrane, the addition of HBN nanosheets within the negatively-charged layers of the multilayer thin film membrane consisting of 6 bilayers resulted in good retention of up to 93% and 92% for acid blue (ACB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) dye molecules, respectively. Besides, this membrane exhibited 60% and 45% improvement in the water flux for ACB and BPB solutions, respectively, while the rejection of the sulfate ions maintained an acceptable value around 78%. Furthermore, it was found that this HBN-embedded hybrid multilayer membrane had superior potential for the removal of coherent foulant compared to all samples.

Introducing a high separation performance membrane is one of the most essential requirements of an efficient polymeric membrane-based technology. In this regard, we employed different weight ratio of cardo-structured 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene monomer (BHPF) to fabricate the novel polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based poly(amide-co-arylate) thin film composite membranes through interfacial polymerization for use in organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) field. In addition, the prepared poly(amide-co-arylate) thin films were filled with different content of porous metal organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles in order to attain high permeable polymeric membranes. Besides, the organically modified MOF nanoparticles and poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide-co-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PMSA-co-PHEMA) copolymer nanoparticles containing zwitterionic groups were synthesized for further investigation. It was found that the designed poly(amide-co-arylate) thin film composite membrane fabricated by equal ratios of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and BHPF monomers showed the highest tetrahydrofuran (THF) flux value compared with other thin film composite (TFC) membranes. Moreover, incorporating 0.003 wt% of MOF nanoparticles within this poly(amide-co-acrylate) thin film led to a good retention up to 90, 88 and 98% for bromophenol blue (BPB), acid blue 7 (ACB) and methyl green (MG) dyes, respectively. Furthermore, this thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane displayed an acceptable pure THF flux as high as 2 Lm-2h-1bar-1 at 10 bar. Also, evaluating long-term stability application of this TFN membranes demonstrated a slight reduction in THF flux, indicating that this membrane is highly efficient for use in the OSN field.

Introduction: One way to reduce medication errors in the cardiovascular settings is to electronically prescribe medication through the computerized physician order entry system (CPOE). Improper design and non-compliance with users' needs are obstacles to implementing this system. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the standard minimum data set (MDS) of this system in order to meet the basic needs of its users. The aim of this study was to introduce MDS in the cardiovascular CPOE drug system to standardize data items as well as to facilitate data sharing and integration with other systems.Material and Methods: This study was a survey study conducted in 1399 in Iran. The study population was all cardiologists in Iran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 33 questions. Data were analyzed in SPSS-24 using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 31 cardiologists participated in this study. The participants identified 19 of the 25 drug data items as essential for drug MDS. Five data items (Medication name, Medication dosage, Medication frequency, Medication start date and Patient medication history) were considered essential by more than 90% of the participants.Conclusion: The results of this study identified drug MDS for the cardiovascular CPOE system. The results of this study can be a model for CPOE system designers to develop new systems or upgrade existing systems.

Both polymeric electrochromic and radar absorption materials have been considered as science hotspots over the past few decades. However, integrating both properties (electrochromic and radar absorption) in a single device has not been addressed to fabricate a multifunctional device so far. Thus, here, we endeavor to shed light on this uncharted area by presenting a new smart ternary nanocomposite (polythiophene-based/RGO-Fe3O4) which can provide both electrochromic and microwave absorbent features simultaneously. In this regard, we synthesized the binary Fe3O4-RGO nanocomposites with different contents of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Then, this binary nanocomposite is utilized in combination with a polythiophene-based conductive polymer as a tricolor (RGB) organic electrochromic material to synthesize the smart ternary nanocomposite through both in-situ polymerization and physical mixing methods. The ternary nanocomposites containing different weight fractions of Fe3O4-RGO nanoparticles were used to assemble the rigid and flexible ECD devices using flat and fiber substrates such as glass-indium tin oxide (glass-ITO), polyethylene terephthalate-indium tin oxide (PET-ITO) and stainless steel wire (SSW). By applying a voltage of −2.1 to 2.1 v, a reversible color-switching ability was observed between green color (oxidized state), and red color (reduced state) for all ECDs. The average switching time and color memory for the SSW cell were determined to be about 3 s and 155 min, and for both glass-ITO and PET-ITO cells to be 2 s and 210 min, respectively. Additionally, the microwave absorption properties of the prepared ternary nanocomposites were characterized by measuring the electromagnetic parameters such as permittivity, permeability, and reflection loss. A ternary nanocomposite with 3 mm thickness filled with 50 wt% Fe3O4-RGO exhibited a maximum reflection loss as high as −30.2 dB (92% absorption) at 12.3 GHz (in the range of x-bond) with 1.1 GHz bandwidth.

Background The Internet plays an important role in attaining health related information and its importance is growing worldwide. The majority of Internet users are university students. However, their use of the Internet for health information has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to examine the use of the Internet by medical students to search for health information. Methods This cross-sectional survey was performed on a sample of 400 Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacology students selected from three faculties. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire designed based on the review of the published literature and advice of a panel of experts. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using Chi-square and Logistic regression.Results In this study 261 (65.2%) students used the Internet to search for health information. Most of them (n=175, 67%) somewhat trusted the reliability of information on the Internet. Women used the Internet to search for health information 1.74 times than men (p=0.016) and Medicine students 1.7 times than Pharmacology students (p=0.04). The majority of 20-30 years old students believed that using Internet had no effect on their visits to physicians(p=

Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effect of mobile phone applications (App) based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on postpartum depression. Method A non-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. The study population consisted of women attended to three health care centers in Kerman, Iran. Participants were recruited between September and November 2018, and randomized 1:1 to either the intervention group (mobile application access) or control group (no mobile application access). All participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the baseline and 2 months after baseline. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics including chi-square, independent sample t-test, paired t-test and linear regression. Results A total of 75 women with an average age of 27 years participated in this study. Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the EPDS score between the two groups (p > 0.001). However, in the intervention group, the average EPDS score after intervention was 8.18 and in the control group was 15.05, which was statistically significant (p Conclusion These findings provide proof that providing a CBT program using a mobile application can lead to clinically important improvements in outcomes for mothers who suffer from postpartum depression.