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Additional file 1: Figure S1. A. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.2 A. B. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.2 B. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Figure S2. A. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.2 E. B. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.2 F. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Figure S3. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.2G. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Figure S4. A. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.4 C. B. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.4 D. C. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.4 H. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. Figure S5. A. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.5 A. B. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.5 B. C. Quantitative analyses of the data presented in Fig.5 C. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

Additional file 1. Additional Materials and Methods.

In this paper, we study the task of selecting the optimal response given a user and system utterance history in retrieval-based multi-turn dialog systems. Recently, pre-trained language models (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA) showed significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks. This and similar response selection tasks can also be solved using such language models by formulating the tasks as dialog--response binary classification tasks. Although existing works using this approach successfully obtained state-of-the-art results, we observe that language models trained in this manner tend to make predictions based on the relatedness of history and candidates, ignoring the sequential nature of multi-turn dialog systems. This suggests that the response selection task alone is insufficient for learning temporal dependencies between utterances. To this end, we propose utterance manipulation strategies (UMS) to address this problem. Specifically, UMS consist of several strategies (i.e., insertion, deletion, and search), which aid the response selection model towards maintaining dialog coherence. Further, UMS are self-supervised methods that do not require additional annotation and thus can be easily incorporated into existing approaches. Extensive evaluation across multiple languages and models shows that UMS are highly effective in teaching dialog consistency, which leads to models pushing the state-of-the-art with significant margins on multiple public benchmark datasets., Comment: Accepted to AAAI 2021

The threat of COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea and around the globe challenged not only physical health but also mental health, increasing the chances of disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Such pandemic situation can be referred to a traumatic event for citizens. The present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), which is named the K-COVID-related-PTSD. The scale measures PTSD symptomology in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. A total of 1434 South Korean citizens were included in this study. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.0. The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a superior fit for the seven-factor hybrid model (x2 = 1425.445 (df = 149), CFI = 0.950, TLI = 0.937, SRMR = 0.033, RMSEA = 0.077) consisting of re-experiencing, negative affect, anxious arousal, dysphoric arousal, avoidance, anhedonia, and externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, the K-COVID-related-PTSD showed a satisfactory level of internal consistency (α = 0.793 to α = 0.939) with good convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, concurrent validity was confirmed by the significant correlations with all the negative mental health outcomes, such as PTSD symptoms, somatization, depression, anxiety, anger, negative affect, job burnout, and suicidal ideation. Overall, the current results demonstrate the K-COVID-related-PTSD is a valid scale and therefore has important implications for future pandemic-related studies.

Background Coronary artery stenosis increases hospital mortality and leads to poor neurological recovery in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. However, electrocardiography (ECG) cannot fully predict the presence of coronary artery stenosis in CA patients. Hence, we aimed to determine whether regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA), as observed by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), predicted patient survival outcomes with greater accuracy than did ST segment elevation (STE) on ECG in CA patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) after return of spontaneous circulation. Methods This was a retrospective observational study of adult patients with CA of presumed cardiac etiology who underwent CAG at a single tertiary care hospital. We investigated whether RWMA observed on 2DE predicted patient outcomes more accurately than did STE observed on ECG. The primary outcome was incidence of hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category scores measured 6 months after discharge and significant coronary artery stenosis on CAG. Results Among the 145 patients, 36 (24.8%) experienced in-hospital death. In multivariable analysis of survival outcomes, only total arrest time (P=0.011) and STE (P=0.035) were significant. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), which were obtained by adjusting the total arrest time for survival outcomes, were significant only for STE (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.94). The presence of RWMA was not a significant factor. Conclusions While STE predicted survival outcomes in adult CA patients, RWMA did not. The decision to perform CAG after CA should include ECG under existing guidelines. The use of RWMA has limited benefits in treatment of this population.

Background Beliefs about the unacceptability of experiencing or expressing negative emotions can contribute to diverse psychological symptoms and associated with poor treatment outcomes and low treatment attempts. The Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES) was developed to assess such beliefs based on the cognitive-behavioral models; however, no study has reported on the psychometric properties of the BES in Korea. The present study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the BES for the Korean population (BES-K). Methods The BES-K was administered to 592 Korean adults (323 men and 269 women) aged 20–59 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the factor model of the scale. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships between the BES-K and other psychological measures. Results The result showed a two-factor model of the BES-K, with Factor 1 relating to Interpersonal and Factor 2 representing Intrapersonal aspects. The scale had significant yet moderately low correlations with measures of depression, anxiety, and difficulties in emotion regulation. Conclusion The BES-K is a useful instrument in evaluating the beliefs about emotions in the Korean population.

Additional file 1. Gene construct and VLP characterization.

The study of this research has a challenge of learning data gathering sensor programming and design of electronic sensor circuit. The cost of autonomous vehicle development is expensive compared to purchasing an economy vehicle such as the Hyundai Elantra. Keeping the development cost down is critical to maintaining a competitive edge on vehicle pricing with newer technologies. Autonomous vehicle sensor integration was designed and then tested for the driving vision data-gathering system that requires the system to gather driving vision data utilizing area scan sensors, Lidar, ultrasonic sensor, and camera on real road scenarios. The project utilized sensors such as cheap cost LIDAR, which is that drone is used for on the road testing; other sensors include myRIO (myRIO Hardware), LabVIEW (LabVIEW software), LIDAR-Lite v3 (Garmin, 2019), Ultrasonic sensor, and Wantai stepper motor (Polifka, 2020). This research helps to reduce the price of usage of autonomous vehicle driving systems in the city. Due to resolution and Lidar detecting distance, the test environment is limited to within city areas. Lidar is the most expensive equipment on autonomous vehicle driving data gathering systems. This study focuses on replacing expensive Lidar, ultrasonic sensor, and camera to drone scale low-cost Lidar to real size vehicle. With this study, economic expense autonomous vehicle driving data acquisition is possible. Lowering the price of autonomous vehicle driving data acquisition increases involving new companies on the autonomous vehicle market. Multiple testing with multiple cars is possible. Since multiple testing at the same time is possible, collecting time reduces.

The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze the data of public sports center management institutions and experts in order to increase the profitability of the public sports center to improve the welfare of the sports isolated class. Therefore, it is necessary to search for ways to improve and utilize programs that enable anyone to participate in by establishing policy goals to strengthen the publicity. At the same time, it should establish marketing strategies and maximize profits to minimize the burden of participants. Expert Delphi analysis was conducted to derive the profitability plan of the public sports center for the welfare improvement of the sports disadvantaged class. As a result, the major classification was categorized into 3 factors, expanding national financial support, self-generating profit, and private cooperation. As a result of AHP analysis, the relative weights of the major item evaluation indexes were derived in the order of self-revenue, private cooperation and national financial support. In the situation where the integration of sports organizations for the advancement of sports has been achieved, public sports centers should play the role of front base.

Additional file 1. Primers used for the qRRT-PCR of innate immune response genes.

Additional file 1. Microscopic lesions and viral antigen distribution in tissues from chickens inoculated with H7N9 HPAI virus. Four week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens were challenged with A/chicken/Tennessee/17-007147-2/2017 H7N9 HPAI virus and sampled at 2 dpc.

CEFs were transfected with 50nM and 10nM concentration of siRNA targeting chIFN-γ. The cells were harvested at 12 and 24 h post transfection and analyzed by rRT-PCR. Relative expression levels of chIFN-γ mRNA was normalized and calculated using the comparative 2-2∆∆Ct method. Error bars are standard deviation of the average. Asterisk represent significance when compared to control siRNA transfection (P

Genes, GenBank Accession numbers, and Primers used in Real-time RT-PCR. (DOCX 14 kb)

Trichinella spiralis ES product was separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in 12 % polyacrylamide gels using a Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell electrophoresis unit (Bio-Rad, USA). Trichinella spiralis ES product (40, 20, 10, 5 Îźg) was loaded and incubated at 150 V for 1 h. To determine the proteins in T. spiralis ES product, the gel was stained with coomassie blue. Trichinella spiralis T653k protein was detected in T. spiralis ES product. (PDF 45 KB)

In recent years, China Digital Media Design related undergraduate education has developed into great dimensions while producing a lot of problems. Now cause of rapid development, Disciplinary Location, Training Objectives and Curriculum require study. Firstly, the paper points out the scope and general process of Digital Media Design through an analysis of properties of digital media industry. Secondly, the paper studies the current status of Digital Media Design-related undergraduate education from the policy of Chinese Ministry of Education and the practice of representative universities. Through questionnaire survey of Digital Media Designers from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the paper points out the problems of China Digital Media Design related undergraduate education. Finally, paper brings forward the right direction of new system of China Digital Media Design related undergraduate education.

In this papcr, we address the 3D reconstruction of the indoor circumstance using what the data is extracted by a pall of image from Stereo Camera. Generally sucaking, there arc three methods to extract 3-Dimensional data using IR sensor, Laser sensor and Stereo camera sensor. The best is stereo camera sensor which can show a high performance at a reasonable price. We used `Window Correlation Matching Method` to extract 3-Dimensional data in stereo image. We proposed new Method to reduce error data, said `Histogram Weighted Hough Transform`. Owing to this mettled, we reduced error data in each stereo image. So reconstruction is well done. 3-Dimensional Reconstruction is accomplished by using the DirectX that is well known as 3D-Game development tool. We show that the stereo camera can be not only used to extract 3-dimensional data but also applied to reconstruct the 3-Dimensional circumstance. And we try to reduce the error data using various method.

This paper presents a high dimming ratio LED driver for automotive lighting applications which require avoiding EMI radiation. In order to accomplish a high dimming ratio LED driver, the preloading inductor current methodology is proposed for the power stage of the proposed circuit to achieve the fast transient response time during the LED load switching. The proposed circuit receives the input voltage of 12V and generates the output voltage of 30V with the load current of 350mA. The chip is implemented with 0.35um BCDMOS process, and the die area is 2.35 × 2.35 mm2. Measurement results illustrate that the proposed LED drive system features the minimum rising time as small as 240ns and the corresponding dimming ratio becomes 2000∶1 at the dimming frequency of 1KHz. The maximum power conversion efficiency of the chip is measured to be 93.72%.

Blood samples were collected from 1328 dairy cows of different parities in 46 herds in two regions of South Korea and tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) by reverse transcriptase-pcr (rt-pcr) for the detection of viral sequences in whole blood and by a commercial elisa for the detection of bvdv-specific antibodies. None of the animals was positive by rt-pcr but 770 (58 per cent) were seropositive. The proportion of seropositive cows increased with their parity, but there was no difference between the seroprevalence of bvdv among the cows in the two regions.

Radio frequency heating of the ionosphere produces local plasma heating and the resulting pressure gradient leads to plasma currents. Modulated heating excites waves at the modulation frequency which propagate away from the heating region. The wave generation modulated heating of the F-region ionosphere is modeled using a numerical code with the conducting ground as the lower boundary and the magnetosphere as the top boundary. The diamagnetic current due to the pressure gradient resulting from the localized RF heating oscillates at the modulation frequency and excites hydromagnetic waves, mostly the magnetosonic mode. As these waves propagate away from the heated region in the F-region it encounters regions of different conductivity, driving an oscillating Hall current in the E-region where Hall conductivity is dominant. These currents produce shear Alfven waves propagating along the field lines. Simulations with modulation frequencies in the range 2 – 10 Hz in the high- and mid-latitude ionosphere show their dependence on the ionospheric conductivity, modulation frequency and size of the heated region. In the high-latitudes the wave propagation is simulated using an essentially vertical magnetic field. For the mid-latitudes a dipole magnetic field in polar coordinates is used. With a source at L = 1.6 and altitude of 300 km the EMIC and whistler waves are generated, and field-aligned waves propagate to the conjugate region. In the case of modulation at 10 Hz the EMIC waves encounter the resonance layer, while the whistler waves propagate along the field lines to the conjugate region. These simulations correspond to the ionospheric heating by the Arecibo facility.

Within the last decade, due to significant improvements in the spatial and temporal resolution of chromospheric data, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave studies in this fascinating region of the Sun's atmosphere have risen to the forefront of solar physics research. In this review we begin by reviewing the challenges and debates that have manifested in relation to MHD wave mode identification in fine-scale chromospheric magnetic structures, including spicules, fibrils and mottles. Next we go on to discuss how the process of accurately identifying MHD wave modes also has a crucial role to play in estimating their wave energy flux. This is of cardinal importance for estimating what the possible contribution of MHD waves is to solar atmospheric heating. Finally, we detail how such advances in chromospheric MHD wave studies have also allowed us, for the first time, to implement cutting-edge magnetoseismological techniques that provide new insight into the sub-resolution plasma structuring of the lower solar atmosphere.

Here we review the recent progress made in the detection, examination, characterisation and interpretation of oscillations manifesting in small-scale magnetic elements in the solar photosphere. This region of the Sun's atmosphere is especially dynamic, and importantly, permeated with an abundance of magnetic field concentrations. Such magnetic features can span diameters of hundreds to many tens of thousands of km, and are thus commonly referred to as the `building blocks' of the magnetic solar atmosphere. However, it is the smallest magnetic elements that have risen to the forefront of solar physics research in recent years. Structures, which include magnetic bright points, are often at the diffraction limit of even the largest of solar telescopes. Importantly, it is the improvements in facilities, instrumentation, imaging techniques and processing algorithms during recent years that have allowed researchers to examine the motions, dynamics and evolution of such features on the smallest spatial and temporal scales to date. It is clear that while these structures may demonstrate significant magnetic field strengths, their small sizes make them prone to the buffeting supplied by the ubiquitous surrounding convective plasma motions. Here, it is believed that magnetohydrodynamic waves can be induced, which propagate along the field lines, carrying energy upwards to the outermost extremities of the solar corona. Such wave phenomena can exist in a variety of guises, including fast and slow magneto-acoustic modes, in addition to Alfven waves. Coupled with rapid advancements in magnetohydrodynamic wave theory, we are now in an ideal position to thoroughly investigate how wave motion is generated in the solar photosphere, which oscillatory modes are most prevalent, and the role that these waves play in supplying energy to various layers of the solar atmosphere.