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The proposed scoping review follows the steps of Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) scoping review framework and the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines (Peters et al., 2020; Tricco et al., 2018). According to Arksey and O’Malley, a scoping review includes the following stages: 1) identify the research question, 2) identify the relevant studies, 3) study selection, 4) charting the data, and 5) collating, summarizing and reporting the results. This scoping review protocol will outline those stages to provide a comprehensive overview of the study. Stage 1: Identify the Research Question. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the best practices in working with immigrant, newcomer, and migrant populations involved in the child welfare system. The research questions are: 1. What are the identified best practices in working with immigrant, newcomer, and migrant populations involved in the child welfare system? 2. What are the outcomes of the best practices in working with immigrant, newcomer, and migrant populations involved in the child welfare system? The scoping review will also examine the theory and methodology used to inform the development, as well as, the evaluation of the best practices. Stage 2: Identify Relevant Studies. The scoping review includes the following sources: 1) electronic databases, 2) hand-search of relevant journals, and 3) reference lists. The grey literature was not included because the purpose of the scoping review is to discover and document the available peer reviewed best practice literature for working with immigrant, newcomer, and migrant populations involved in the child welfare system. The findings obtained through a grey literature search may not meet eligibility and thus excepted. The concept block method was used to identify research studies in the following seven electronic databases: CINAHL, ERIC (via EBSCO), Medline (via EBSCO), PsycInfo, Social Service Abstract, and Social Work Abstracts. A standardized list of terms related to each concept (immigrant/newcomer/migrant, best practices, and child welfare/child protection) were used to search the titles, abstracts, and keywords for each database. The thesaurus or index terms was used to explore related terms pertaining to the key concepts and applied to the subject search field for each database. Relevant journals that are not included in electronic databases were hand-searched using the standardized list of concept terms. The reference list of the articles in the final stage of screening were manually reviewed, with the relevant articles identified and screened for inclusion. The scoping review span a 20-year period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020 to focus on contemporary literature. Inclusion criteria included original peer-reviewed empirical research in English language with abstract and full-text available. Exclusion criteria included systematic reviews, literature reviews, conceptual articles, and book reviews. Stage 3: Study Selection. Covidence, an online software for conducting systematic review, was used to assist with the screening process. All research articles were uploaded into Covidence and duplications removed. The screening processed involves two steps: 1) title and abstract screening, and 2) full-text review. In the title and abstract screening step, two researchers will independently review the title and abstracts of each research article to determine its relevancy and inclusion for the next step. The lead author in consultation with another researcher will resolve any discrepancies. In the full-text review step, four researchers will independently review the full-text articles to determine eligibility. Stage 4: Charting the Data. The lead author developed a data extraction form to document the following information: year of publication, study location, type of study, research design, theory, study participants, sample size, ethno-racial group, best practice, measurement, and outcomes. The data extraction form was piloted and refined in consultation with the co-authors. The research team will independently review each of the eligible full-text articles and chart the data. Stage 5: Collating, Summarizing and Reporting the Results. Once the data is charted, the research team will meet to review the findings and conduct content analysis. The results will be presented in tables and in-text for publication. References. Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., Tricco, A. C., & Khalil, H. (2020). Chapter 11: Scoping reviews, In E. Aromataris, E. & Z. Munn (Eds.). JBI Reviewer’s Manual. Adelaide: JBI. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIRM-20-01 Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., et al. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169, 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Material S1. CAPTURE-JIA Agileware Solution Security Information.

The aggregation propensity of monoclonal antibodies can be modified by adding different cosolutes into the solution. A simple coarse-grained model in the combination with the thermodynamic perturbation theory was used to predict cluster distribution and viscosity of the solutions of IgG4 monoclonal anibody in the presence of L-Arginine Hydrochloride. The data were analysed using binding polynomial to describe the binding of cosolute (Arginine) to the antibody molecule. The results show that by binding to the antibody molecule the cosolute occupies some of the binding sites of the antibody, and in this way reduces the amount of binding sites available to other antibody molecules. The aggregation propensity of the antibody molecules is therefore reduced.

How are water's material properties encoded within the structure of the water molecule? This is pertinent to understanding Earth's living systems, its materials, its geochemistry and geophysics, and a broad spectrum of its industrial chemistry. Water has distinctive liquid and solid properties: It is highly cohesive. It has volumetric anomalies-water's solid (ice) floats on its liquid; pressure can melt the solid rather than freezing the liquid; heating can shrink the liquid. It has more solid phases than other materials. Its supercooled liquid has divergent thermodynamic response functions. Its glassy state is neither fragile nor strong. Its component ions-hydroxide and protons-diffuse much faster than other ions. Aqueous solvation of ions or oils entails large entropies and heat capacities. We review how these properties are encoded within water's molecular structure and energies, as understood from theories, simulations, and experiments. Like simpler liquids, water molecules are nearly spherical and interact with each other through van der Waals forces. Unlike simpler liquids, water's orientation-dependent hydrogen bonding leads to open tetrahedral cage-like structuring that contributes to its remarkable volumetric and thermal properties.

Background Evaluation of high-risk worker notification programs often focuses on their immediate effectiveness in communicating information to individual workers. This approach leaves unexamined some important social processes that can influence worker notification's impact and public health consequences over time. Methods To explore long-term effects, ethnographic methods were used for qualitative assessment of a community-based program carried out by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Augusta, Georgia, during the early 1980s. More than a decade after the original NIOSH intervention, lengthy taped interviews were conducted with 70 members of the notified cohort (chemical workers exposed to beta-naphthylamine (BNA)) and 32 members of their families. Results The notified workers expressed extremely positive feelings about having received the risk information. However, for non-obvious and unanticipated reasons, most had failed to implement the notification's primary health advice (annual screening for bladder cancer). Both the workers and their family members reported a number of ongoing concerns related to the program. Conclusions The study findings suggest four strategies, all relatively low in cost, that are likely to increase the long-term public health benefits of worker notifications that rely on individually mailed written materials: (1) in designing worker notifications, take into account the information (accurate or not) that the workers already have, and determine what kind of information they most want and need; (2) define the notification audience broadly to include not only the study cohort but also family members and/or other similarly exposed workers; (3) when notifications recommend secondary disease prevention measures over long time periods, follow up the notification health advice with periodic reminders; (4) inform a wide range of community organizations and service providers (non-medical as well as medical) about the notification, and encourage them to provide appropriate support to the notified workers and their families. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:113–123, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Employee participation in the financial and managerial aspects of firms has increased as governments and owners have tried to enhance productivity, broaden ownership, or facilitate privatization transactions. Many developed countries are experiencing rapid growth in schemes to introduce or enhance various forms of employee participation. For example, about 11,000 firms employing 11 million workers in the United States have some form of stock ownership for employees. An estimated 500,000 employee profit sharing plans exist in the U.S., and participatory plans are a major element in the industrial policy of such countries as Japan and Sweden. In developing countries, plans for employee participation have emerged only recently. The effect of employee participation schemes on firm performance is mixed. Without privatization, evidence is strong that combining employee ownership or profit sharing with some direct participation produces a positive impact on firm performance. Employee ownership and other forms of participation do appear to ease privatization. Employee ownership provides a sense of security to employees that the risk of redundancy in the firm after privatization will be less. Where layoffs do occur after privatization, share ownership may complement a severance package. Share ownership also may mute worker opposition to privatization in those countries where employees believe that they have some right to ownership in the firm.