Search

The SPOT-MAS assay “Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by Methylation And Size” detects the five most common cancers in Vietnam by evaluating circulating tumor DNA in the blood. Here, we validated its performance in a prospective multi-center clinical trial, K-DETEK. Our analysis of 2795 participants from 14 sites across Vietnam demonstrates its ability to detect cancers in asymptomatic individuals with a positive predictive value of 60%, with 83.3% accuracy in detecting tumor location. We present a case report to support further using SPOT-MAS as a complementary method to achieve early cancer detection and provide the opportunity for early treatment.

Aim: This study exploited hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific circulating DNA methylation profiles to improve the accuracy of a current screening assay for HCC patients in high-risk populations. Methods: Differentially methylated regions in cell-free DNA between 58 nonmetastatic HCC and 121 high-risk patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis were identified and used to train machine learning classifiers. Results: The model could distinguish HCC from high-risk non-HCC patients in a validation cohort, with an area under the curve of 0.84. Combining these markers with the three serum biomarkers (AFP, lectin-reactive AFP, des-γ-carboxy prothrombin) in a commercial test, μTASWako®, achieved an area under the curve of 0.87 and sensitivity of 68.8% at 95.8% specificity. Conclusion: HCC-specific circulating DNA methylation markers may be added to the available assay to improve the early detection of HCC.

The Covid-19 pandemic tragically emphasized severe failures of health systems. In particular, the saturation of hospital infrastructures and the lack of medical devices is crucial for respiratory ventilators. The medical and pharmaceutical sectors had to find urgently new ways to innovate efficiently in R&D, to produce devices, therapeutic trials, and vaccines, and make them available on a large scale. Our work will analyze that these innovations related to Covid-19 have been largely based on Open Innovation. For that purpose, exploratory case studies will be shown that exemplify the value of implementing Open Innovation in the pandemic context. These case studies concern the pharmaceutical firm Pfizer, the biotechnology company BioNTech, and the respiratory ventilator open development coalition OxyGEN (from design company Protofy. xyz to the hospitals' network of Barcelona and manufacturer SEAT). Methodologically, these case studies build on a full referencing and systematic analysis of articles, scientific documents, and published reports related to the Open Innovation involvement of these organizations since the start of the pandemic. Based on the operative contributions from these revelatory case studies, we can show that Open Innovation is a highly efficient vector for extended partnerships for accelerated R&D and operational production contextually to pandemic emergencies.

A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from Ngoc Linh Mountain, Kon Tum Province, in the Central Highlands of Vietnam based on integrative taxonomy, namely by combining molecular and morphological evidence. Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. differs from all other congeners based on morphological data, allopatric distribution, and molecular divergence. In terms of genetic divergence, Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. distinctly differs from the sister species T. panhai (6.77%) and from T. ngarsuensis (12.36%) based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene. Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. is a moderate sized and robust salamander species with large cephalic edges, parotoids, and vertebral ridge orange in coloration. The new taxon differs from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics: size medium (SVL 60.8–66.5 mm, TL 57.6–61.8 mm in males, and SVL 72.5–75.6 mm, TL 62.9–67.9 mm in females); head longer than wide; parotoids very prominent and enlarged, projecting backwards; tail length shorter than snout-vent length; vertebral ridge large, high and glandular in appearance; 14 large and distinct dorsolateral glandular warts; gular fold present; tips of fore and hind limbs overlapping when adpressed along the body; tips of fingers reaching between eye and nostril when foreleg is laid forward; dorsal surface and lateral sides of the head, upper and lower lips, dorsolateral glandular warts, vertebral ridge, the peripheral area of the cloaca and the ventral edge of the tail orange in coloration; the presence of a distinct black line extending from the posterior end of the eye towards the shoulder. Tylototriton ngoclinhensis sp. nov. is restricted to evergreen montane forests near water bodies on Ngoc Linh Mountain. We suggest that the new species should be classified as Endangered (EN) in the IUCN Red List. This new important discovery represents the eighth Tylototriton taxon described from Vietnam, and at the same time constitutes the southernmost distributional record for the whole genus in Asia.

IntroductionBreast cancer causes the most cancer-related death in women and is the costliest cancer in the US regarding medical service and prescription drug expenses. Breast cancer screening is recommended by health authorities in the US, but current screening efforts are often compromised by high false positive rates. Liquid biopsy based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a potential approach to screen for cancer. However, the detection of breast cancer, particularly in early stages, is challenging due to the low amount of ctDNA and heterogeneity of molecular subtypes.MethodsHere, we employed a multimodal approach, namely Screen for the Presence of Tumor by DNA Methylation and Size (SPOT-MAS), to simultaneously analyze multiple signatures of cell free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma samples of 239 nonmetastatic breast cancer patients and 278 healthy subjects.ResultsWe identified distinct profiles of genome-wide methylation changes (GWM), copy number alterations (CNA), and 4-nucleotide oligomer (4-mer) end motifs (EM) in cfDNA of breast cancer patients. We further used all three signatures to construct a multi-featured machine learning model and showed that the combination model outperformed base models built from individual features, achieving an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.95), a sensitivity of 65% at 96% specificity.DiscussionOur findings showed that a multimodal liquid biopsy assay based on analysis of cfDNA methylation, CNA and EM could enhance the accuracy for the detection of early- stage breast cancer.

Motivation Predicting the binding between T-cell receptor (TCR) and peptide presented by human leucocyte antigen molecule is a highly challenging task and a key bottleneck in the development of immunotherapy. Existing prediction tools, despite exhibiting good performance on the datasets they were built with, suffer from low true positive rates when used to predict epitopes capable of eliciting T-cell responses in patients. Therefore, an improved tool for TCR–peptide prediction built upon a large dataset combining existing publicly available data is still needed. Results We collected data from five public databases (IEDB, TBAdb, VDJdb, McPAS-TCR, and 10X) to form a dataset of >3 million TCR–peptide pairs, 3.27% of which were binding interactions. We proposed epiTCR, a Random Forest-based method dedicated to predicting the TCR–peptide interactions. epiTCR used simple input of TCR CDR3β sequences and antigen sequences, which are encoded by flattened BLOSUM62. epiTCR performed with area under the curve (0.98) and higher sensitivity (0.94) than other existing tools (NetTCR, Imrex, ATM-TCR, and pMTnet), while maintaining comparable prediction specificity (0.9). We identified seven epitopes that contributed to 98.67% of false positives predicted by epiTCR and exerted similar effects on other tools. We also demonstrated a considerable influence of peptide sequences on prediction, highlighting the need for more diverse peptides in a more balanced dataset. In conclusion, epiTCR is among the most well-performing tools, thanks to the use of combined data from public sources and its use will contribute to the quest in identifying neoantigens for precision cancer immunotherapy. Availability and implementation epiTCR is available on GitHub (https://github.com/ddiem-ri-4D/epiTCR).

Despite their promise, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based assays for multi-cancer early detection face challenges in test performance, due mostly to the limited abundance of ctDNA and its inherent variability. To address these challenges, published assays to date demanded a very high-depth sequencing, resulting in an elevated price of test. Herein, we developed a multimodal assay called SPOT-MAS (Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by Methylation And Size) to simultaneously profile methylomics, fragmentomics, copy number, and end motifs in a single workflow using targeted and shallow genome-wide sequencing (∼0.55X) of cell-free DNA. We applied SPOT-MAS to 738 nonmetastatic patients with breast, colorectal, gastric, lung and liver cancer, and 1,550 healthy controls. We then employed machine learning to extract multiple cancer and tissue-specific signatures for detecting and locating cancer. SPOT-MAS successfully detected the five cancer types with a sensitivity of 72.4% at 97.0% specificity. The sensitivities for detecting early-stage cancers were 62.3% and 73.9% for stage I and II, respectively, increasing to 88.3% for nonmetastatic stage IIIA. For tumor-of-origin, our assay achieved an accuracy of 0.7. Our study demonstrates comparable performance to other ctDNA-based assays while requiring significantly lower sequencing depth, making it economically feasible for population-wide screening.

Background Late detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results in an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 16%. Liquid biopsy (LB) assays based on detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) might provide an opportunity to detect HCC early noninvasively. Increasing evidence indicates that ctDNA detection using mutation-based assays is significantly challenged by the abundance of white blood cell-derived mutations, non-tumor tissue-derived somatic mutations in plasma, and the mutational tumor heterogeneity. Methods Here, we employed concurrent analysis of cancer-related mutations, and their fragment length profiles to differentiate mutations from different sources. To distinguish persons with HCC (PwHCC) from healthy participants, we built a classification model using three fragmentomic features of ctDNA through deep sequencing of thirteen genes associated with HCC. Results Our model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 82% in the discovery cohort consisting of 55 PwHCC and 55 healthy participants. In an independent validation cohort of 54 PwHCC and 53 healthy participants, the established model achieved comparable classification performance with an AUC of 0.86 and yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 81%. Conclusions Our study provides a rationale for subsequent clinical evaluation of our assay performance in a large-scale prospective study.

Canarium tramdenum occurs naturally in subtropical and tropical regions of Indochina and China. The wood is used for making high quality furniture and the fruit and leaves are used in traditional medicine. However, a lack of information on genetic diversity and population structure has handicapped the genetic conservation and domestication of this high-value species. This study evaluated genetic variation within and among four C. tramdenum populations. Sixty individuals were collected from four natural populations in Vietnam in the provinces of Ninhbinh, Bacgiang, Nghean, and Backan. Genetic diversity and genetic structure were determined using 20 ISSR markers. A total of 192 DNA fragments with sizes ranging from 110 bp to 3,000 bp were detected, of which 154 segments (80.2%) were polymorphic and 38 segments (19.8%) were monomorphic. The ISSR data indicated a moderate degree of genetic diversity for the species (h = 0.252). The four populations were separated into three genetic clusters with low levels of genetic distance between them. AMOVA result showed that most (78%) of the genetic variation was within the populations. The moderate to high genetic diversity of C. tramdenum and the low genetic differentiation among populations suggested that all existing natural populations in the particular regions needed to be preserved to protect the genetic diversity of this species.

Scoloporyptops rubiginosus C.L. Koch, 1878 Figs 2–4 Scolopocryptops rubiginosa C.L. Koch, 1878: 792; Otocryptops rubiginosus: Kraeplin, 1903: 71–72; Otocryptops rubiginosa: Attems, 1930: 259; Otocryptops rubiginosus: Chamberlin & Wang, 1952: 179; Otocryptops rubiginosa: Attems, 1953: 138; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 1995: 73; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 1998: 268; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 2001: 427; Scolopocryptops rubiginosa: Shelley, 2002: 66; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Chao, 2002: 37; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Song, Song & Zhu, 2004: 81; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Schileyko, 2007: 73; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Edgecombe et al., 2012: 770; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 28; Scolopocryptops rubiginosus: Jonishi & Nakano, 2022: 2. Material. SON LA Province, Ta Xua NR: 1 spm (SVR. TX.2019.033), regenerating forest, 21.31472°N 104.52052°E, 1555 m a.s.l., 05.10.2019, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. TX.001, SVR. TX.007), bamboo forest, 21.35278°N 104.6740°E, 777 m a.s.l., 09.02.2017, col. Le X. Son, Ha K. Loan; 1 spm (SVR. TX.005), mixed forest, 21.36528°N 104.6619°E, 831 m a.s.l., 09.022017, col. Vu T. Ha; 1 spm (SVR. TX.015), 21.33978°N 104.6898°E, 09.022017, col. Nguyen D. Hung. CAO BANG Province, Phia Oac — Phia Den NP: 1 spm (SVR. PO.020), natural forest, 22.60941°N 105.86414°E, 1709 m a.s.l., 12.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.213), natural forest, 22.600946°N 105.87015°E, 1605 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.236), mixed forest, 22.60321°N 105.87344°E, 1508 m a.s.l., 08.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.203.1), mixed forest, 22.60901°N 105.86814°E, 1596 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. A. Abramov. NGHE AN Province, Pu Hoat NR: 1 spm (SVR. PH.024), natural forest, 19.77022°N 104.78436°E, 1042 m a.s.l., 17.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PH.050), natural forest, 19.75619°N 104.78569°E, 1103 m a.s.l., 19.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. PH.073, SVR. PH.074), mixed forest, 19.77069°N 104.78408°E, 1009 m a.s.l., 25.05.2019, col. Le X. Son & Ngo T. Dung. QUANG NAM Province: 1 spm (SVR.STh.00085) Song Thanh NR, regenerated forest, 15.54008°N 107.38300°E, 1165 m a.s.l., 01.05.2019, col. Le X. Son. KON TUM Province: 1 spm (SVR.TNh.116) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.71878°N 108.31711°E, 1129 m a.s.l., 04.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.025) Thach Nham forest, natural forest, 14.75550°N 108.29761E, 1363 m a.s.l., 07.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 3 spms (SVR.TNh.028-029-030) Thach Nham forest, natural forest, 14.75397°N 108.29878E, 1350 m a.s.l., 07.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.043) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.74731°N 108.30117°E, 1256 m a.s.l., 08.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.046) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.74914°N 108.30017°E, 1241 m a.s.l., 08.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh.056) Thach Nham forest, mixed forest, 14.74328°N 108.30481°E, 1213 m a.s.l., 09.06.2016, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.TNh. T3) Thach Nham forest, natural forest, 14.72544°N 108.31506°E, 1035 m a.s.l., 08.05.2015, col. Nguyen Huu Thuc; 1 spm (SVR. NL.030), Ngoc Linh NR, pine forest, 15.12594°N 107.81256°E, 1160 m a.s.l., 22.09.2019, col. Le X. Son. HA TINH Province: 1 ad (Rc 6686 in ZMMU), Vu Quang, under log. 1200 m a.s.l., 08.08.1997, col. М. V. Kalyakin; 1 ad (Rc 6738 in ZMMU), Vu Quang village, М 13, 08.1997, col. М. V. Kalyakin. Comparative material. 4 ad (Rc 7106 in ZMMU), Central China, Shaanxi Province, Panda area, Fo ping NR, 1600 m a.s.l., 06– 11.04.1999, col. V. Siniaev & A. Plutenko. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergites 8–18 with complete paramedian sutures, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs lacking setae (more rarely their distal articles setose), ultimate prefemur with two typical (ventral and dorsomedial) spinous processes. Description of adult SVR.PO.020 [data from ZMMU specimens in square brackets where it differs]. Body length 36.8 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 3.33 mm. Antennae (Figs 2 AB) composed of 17 articles (left one of 15 ones, it seems to be damaged /regenerated) of them 2 basal ones practically not setose [at least] dorsally, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 2A) nearly as long as wide, not setose, [very sparsely] and definitely punctate, marginate laterally (posterior margination absent). Forcipular segment (Fig. 2B): coxosternite, trochanteroprefemora and basal part of tarsungulae coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a [very] short median suture which reaches its middle [no more than 1/3 of coxosternite length, Fig. 2E], several transverse sutures cross the median one in anterior third of coxosternite. Anterior margin of coxosternite strongly sclerotised and definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard low lobes (so it does not look strictly straight); process of trochanteroprefemur short, with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites 1–20 sparsely punctate, tergites 21–23 not punctate. Tergite 1 with anterior transverse suture, its anterior margin covered by cephalic plate (Fig. 2A). Tergite 2 short, half as long as tergite 3. Tergites 8–18 [7–19] with complete paramedian sutures, the following tergites lacking sutures (Figs 2C, 3A). Lateral margination (Figs 2C, 3A) incomplete [nearly complete] on tergites 4–22, only tergite 23 marginate completely. Tergite 23 nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle (Fig. 4A). Tergites 2, 6–13, 15–19, 21 with some [lacking any] dark pigment (at least at posterior and lateral margins; Figs 2C, 3A). Sternites lacking paramedian sutures [with very shallow rounded depression in the center], 1–16 ones sparsely punctate (Fig. 2D), 2–20 with transverse sutures. Sternite 23 somewhat wider than long, trapeziform, its posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 4B). Coxopleuron (Figs 3A–C) densely covered by irregularly located coxal pores; coxopleural process [relatively short] long and pointed, much extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs 1–21 with monopartite tarsus; legs (Figs 2 CD, 3B) 1–22 with one tarsal spur, 1–19 with two tibial, 20–21 with one tibial and 22 lacking any spur; legs 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. All legs not setose (in some specimens, tibia and tarsus of leg 22 sparsely setose) [leg 22 with both tibia and tarsus densely setose]. Ultimate legs (Fig. 3D) not setose (in some specimens, tibia and both tarsal articles densely setose, Fig. 3E) [tibia and tarsal articles densely setose in both ZMMU specimens]; prefemur with two spinous processes of standard both structure and disposition—the larger ventral and smaller dorso-medial ones. Variability. The setosity of tibia and tarsus of legs 22 and 23 varies considerably (from the total absence of setae to the presence of very dense ones). In all IEBR specimens from Northern Vietnam, the ultimate legs are practically not setose (Fig. 3D) while in the IEBR Highland’s material as well as in ZMMU’s one (two adults Rc 6686, 6738) from Central Vietnam (Ha Tinh Province) the ultimate both tibia and tarsus are densely setose (Fig. 3E). Variability of this character may also reflect a sexual dimorphism. Remarks. According to Attems (1930) and Chao (2002), tergites 5–20 have two complete paramedian sutures, but Song et al. (2004) reported these sutures at tergites 4–21 and oblique sutures in the anterior corners of tergites 3–4. The recently studied specimens have complete paramedian sutures at tergites 8–18 (Fig. 2C). Adult Rc 6686 (ZMMU) has LBS 7 with a spiracle at right pleuron only (Fig. 2F)—this spiracle is much smaller than the well developed neighboring ones (on LBS 5 and 8, Fig. 2F) and seems to be rudimentary. The same situation was described for S. nigrimaculatus Song, Song & Zhu, 2004 in its original description. This fact reduces the systematic value of as character as the number of spiracles, reducing the difference between S. rubiginosus and S. broelemanni esulcata (see Remarks to the latter). Range. This species occurs in China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan and North America (Minnesota, Wisconsin to Texas) (Shelley 2002; Chao & Chang 2003; Song et al. 2004). In Vietnam it was recorded from Vu Quang NP (Ha Tinh Province) only (Schileyko, 2007), and the present study demonstrates that it widely occurs through this country (Fig. 4)., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 414-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]","Chamberlin, R. V. and Wang, Y. H. M. (1952) Some records and Descriptions of Chilopods from Japan and oriental areas. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 177 - 188.","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The Scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountain s (North Vietnam), 1998, 262 - 270. [in Russian]","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on Chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam), 2001, 417 - 445. [in Russian]","Shelley, R. M. (2002) A synopsis of the North American centipedes of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 5, 1 - 108.","Chao, J. L. (2002) Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan. M. Sc. Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University Publ., Kaohsiung, 98 pp.","Song, Z. S., Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (2004) On a new species and a new record of the genus Scolopocryptops from China (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei], 27, 80 - 95.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02","Jonishi, T. & Nakano, T. (2022) Taxonomic accounts and phylogenetic positions of the Far East Asian centipedes Scolopocryptops elegans and S. curtus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zoological Science, 39, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 220029","Chao, J. L. & Chang, H. W. (2003) The scolopendromorpha centipedes (Chilopoda) of Taiwan. Afican Invertebrates, 44 (1), 1 - 11."]}

Scolopocryptops melanostoma Newport, 1845 Scolopocryptops melanostomus Newport, 1885: 406; Otocryptops melanostomus: Chamberlin, 1920: 10; Otocryptops melanostomus: Attems, 1930: 263; Otocryptops melanostomus: B̧cherl, 1950: 194; Otocryptops melanostomus: Attems, 1953: 146; Otocryptops melanostomus: B̧cherl, 1959: 238; Scolopocryptops melanostomus: Schileyko, 2007: 92; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Chagas, 2010: 164; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Schileyko, 2014: 154; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Schileyko & Stoev, 2016: 250; Scolopocryptops melanostoma: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 28. Comparative material. E Indonesia, West Papua Province, South Bird’s Neck: 1 ad (Rc 7503 in ZMMU), Kaimana 47 km E, Triton bay, environs Kamaka village, lake Kamakawalar, 03°45’33”S, 134°12’05”E, 90 m, primeval lowland rainforest on limestone, 09.09.2010, leg. M. Kalninsh; 1 ad (Rc 7504 in ZMMU), Kaimana 7–9 km NW, 25–200 m, primeval lowland rainforest on limestone, 05.09.2010, leg. D. Telnov. Diagnosis. 4–6 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate not marginate laterally; tergites 3(4)–21(22) with paramedian sutures, ultimate tergite lacks lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; femur, tibia and tarsus of the ultimate legs densely setose. Description. For morphological details see Schileyko (2014) and Schileyko & Stoev (2016) (the most recent data on this species) who described specimens from Venezuela and East Indonesia (West Papua Province) respectively. Range (by Schileyko & Stoev 2016). Mexico, Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama), Greater Antilles (Puerto Rico, Haiti), Lesser Antilles (Martinique, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad), South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil), Australasia (Fiji Islands), Indochina (Nicobar Island, Vietnam), Taiwan, Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea. Remarks. Only Attems (1953) reported this widespread species from Vietnam (Langbiang Mountains in Lam Dong Province). Attems (1953) considered the complete absence of leg’s accessory spines to be a diagnostic character for S. melanostoma, but Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 250) described the corresponding rudiments (recognizable at x85 magnification) in material from West Papua. In fact, the main diagnostic character of this species is the absence of any lateral margination of the tergites, including the ultimate., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on page 432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Chamberlin, R. V. (1920) The Myriapoda of the Australian Region. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 64, 1 - 269.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Schileyko, A. & Stoev, P. (2016) Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4147 (3), 247 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4147.3.3","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02"]}

Scolopocryptops hoanglieni n. sp. Figs 11–13 Locus typicus. Hoang Lien NP, Lao Cai Province, Northwestern Vietnam. Material. LAO CAI Province, Hoang Lien NP, natural forest: Holotype (SVR.HL.002), 22.35063°N 103.77477°E, 1927 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Do T. Thinh; 2 Paratypes (SVR.HL.007, SVR.HL.008), 22.34563°N 103.77552°E, 2004 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (HL. 133 in VAST), 22.34603°N 103.7777°E, 2000 m a.s.l., 29.11.2018, col. Nguyen Duc Hung; Bat Xat NR, mixed bamboo forest, 22.6158°N 103.6359°E, 1686 m a.s.l., 1 spm (BX.026), 18.10.2018, col. Sung A. De. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergites lacking paramedian sutures, tergites 6–20 with a well-developed “drop-like” longitudinal median depression, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs not setose, ultimate prefemur with two typical (ventral and dorso-medial) spinous processes. Description of the adult holotype SVR.HL.002. Body length 35.3 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 2.7 mm. Antennae (Figs 11 AB) composed of 17 antennomeres of them 2 basal ones not setose, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 11A) as long as wide, sparsely punctuate and marginate laterally, posterior margination absent. Forcipular coxosternite (Fig. 11B): coxosternite and basal part of trochanteroprefemora coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle, some transverse sutures cross the median one in anterior third of coxosternite. Strongly sclerotised anterior margin of coxosternite definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites lacking paramedian sutures, sparsely punctuate; anterior margin of tergite 1 covered by cephalic plate. Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 4–22 (Figs 11 CD, 13B), only tergite 23 marginate completely (Figs 12 BC). Tergites 6–20 with a long (quasi-complete) “drop-like” longitudinal median depression which expanded to tergal posterior end (Figs 11 CD, 13B) and is bordered by paramedian keels. Tergite 23 (Fig. 12B) nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites lacking paramedian sutures, trapeziform, with many transverse / oblique sutures (Figs 11B, 12A–D). Sternite 23 (Fig. 12D) trapeziform, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 12 CD) densely covered by irregularly located pores; coxopleural process pointed and long, extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs (Figs 11D, 12A–C) 1–21 with 1 tarsal spur; 1–19 with two tibial spurs, 20–21 with 1 tibial spur; leg 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate legs (Fig. 12E) not setose; prefemur with two spinous processes—very large ventral one and much smaller dorso-medial one, both disposed nearly at prefemur’s middle. Variability. Incomplete lateral margination is from tergite 2 in specimen SVR.HL.007 and longitudinal median depression is present on tergite 2-22 in specimens SVR.HL.008 and BX.026. Etymology. Named after Hoang Lien NP—the type locality of this species. Remarks. S. hoanglieni has a much thinner body than its congeners. The new species definitely differs from S. rubiginosus by the absence (vs. presence) of tergal paramedian sutures and from S. capillipedatus by not setose ultimate legs (vs. densely setose ultimate both tibia and tarsus). The new species is relatively similar to S. spinicaudus in the absence of tergal paramedian sutures and not setose ultimate legs, but is easily distinguished from the latter by tergites with a very characteristic longitudinal depression (Fig. 11C) which character seems to be unique, at least within Scolopocryptopinae.

Scolopocryptops broelemanni esulcata Attems, 1938 Figs 14–16 Scolopocryptops broelemanni esulcata Attems, 1938: 338; Scolopocryptops broelemanni esulcata: Attems, 1953: 138; Dinocryptops broelemanni esulcata: Schileyko, 1995: 73; Dinocryptops broelemanni esulcata: Schileyko, 2007: 92. Locus typicus. Southern Vietnam, Lam Dong Province, Lang Biang (= Langbiang) Mountain, 1500 m a.s.l., coll. C. Dawydoff. Material. LAM DONG Province: collected in locus typicus, (sub)adult syntypes 1 and 2 (MY 2063 in NHMW) and 1 adult non-type spm (MY 8714 in NHMW). Diagnosis. The only Vietnamese Scolopocryptops with spiracles on LBS 7 (diagnostic character of the former genus Dinocryptops). The original description (direct translation by the second author). “Body length 24 mm. Cephalic plate marginate laterally. Tergite 1 with well-developed anterior transverse suture, anterior margin of tergite 1 covered by cephalic plate. Ultimate tergite lacks median suture, with a single rounded depression in posterior third; this tergite has definite lateral margination and characteristic small pointed process at each posterior corner. Legs 1–21 with one tarsal spur, 1–20 with two tibial spurs, leg 21 with a single tibial one, leg 22 lacking spurs. In all other characters/ moments corresponds to the detailed description of S. broelemanni by Brolemann”. Composite re-description of two syntypes MY 2063 (NHMW). Antennae) composed of 17 articles (in not damaged antenna) of them 2 basal ones dorsally (Figs 14A, 15A) and 1 basal ventrally (Figs 14B, 15B) with the single long setae, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate virtually as long as wide, very sparsely setose, with very definite lateral and less developed posterior margination (Figs 14 AF, 15A). Forcipular segment (Figs 14B, 15B): anterior half of coxosternite with a few hardly visible transverse sutures (median one is not recognizable). Anterior margin of coxosternite visibly sclerotised and definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard low lobes, so it does not look straight; process of trochanteroprefemur short; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergite 1 with anterior transverse suture, its anterior margin covered by cephalic plate (Figs 14A, 15A). Tergite 2 short, half (or somewhat less) as long as tergite 3. Tergal paramedian sutures not recognizable (Figs 14C, 15C). Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 4–10(11) (Fig. 14D) and nearly complete on following tergites, only tergite 23 marginate completely (Fig. 15D). Tergite 23 nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites lacking sutures, with very shallow rounded depression in the center (Fig. 15E). Sternite 23 tongueshaped, its rounded posterior margin slightly concave in the middle (Figs 14E, 15F). LBS 7 with a pair of standardly developed spiracles (Figs 14D, 15E). Coxopleuron (Figs 14E, 15F) covered by irregularly located coxal pores of various sizes. Coxopleural processes conical, very short (much shorter than sternite 23) and diverging slightly, they visibly extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23 (Fig. 15D). Posterior margin of pleuron forming an acute angle, its tip definitely pointed (Fig. 14E). Legs 1–21 with monopartite tarsus (Fig. 15E); legs 1–21 with one tarsal and two tibial spurs and 22 lacking any spur (Fig. 14E) legs 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. All legs practically not setose. Ultimate legs not setose; prefemur (Figs 14 CE) with two spinous processes of standard both structure and disposition—the larger ventral and smaller dorso-medial ones. Variability. In syntype 1 both sternite 23 and the coxopleural process are relatively longer than in syntype 2 (cf. Figs 14E and 15F). The ultimate legs are attached only in syntype 1. Range. Known from the type locality only. Remarks. S. broelemanni esulcata is known only from three specimens kept in NHMW, collected by C. Dawydoff in the Lang Biang Mountains (Fig. 16). S. broelemanni esulcata is the only Vietnamese member of the former genus Dinocryptops which name has been synonymised with Scolopocryptops by Edgecombe et al. (2012: 777–778) based on both morphology and molecular analysis (this synonymy has been omitted by Bonato et al. 2016). The study of digital images of both syntypes showed that they have well developed (not rudimentary) spiracles on LBS 7 (Figs 14D, 15E)—the only diagnostic character of former Dinocryptops. New data on the occasional presence of spiracles on LBS 7 (Fig. 2F, 6D) in both S. rubiginosus and S. spinicaudus reduce the difference between them and S. broelemanni esulcata. Thus, a character such as the number of spiracles must be used with much care (when used alone) to reliably identify Scolopocryptops species. Discussion on validity of S. broelemanni esulcata. Available data on this subspecies are scarce; the original description is very short and incomplete, lacking both illustrations and information about some diagnostic characters (number of glabrous basal antennal articles, presence/conditions of tergal sutures, pilosity of distal articles of the ultimate legs etc.). Judging from the digital images, the NHMW specimens fit the descriptions of S. broelemanni Kraepelin, 1903 by Kraepelin (1903: 77) and Attems (1930: 256) well. In the original description of S. broelemanni esulcata Attems (1938: 338) indicated, that this subspecies is, on the whole, very similar to S. broelemanni, differing from the latter mainly in the absence (vs. presence) of the median suture on the ultimate tergite. This character is present in various groups of scolopendromorphs (Scolopendridae, Plutoniumidae, Scolopocryptopinae), being species-specific for the overwhelming majority of their species. Digital images of three NHMW specimens do not recognize this suture (Fig. 15D), so they are fully consistent with S. broelemanni esulcata. There is also a significant geographical distance between the range of S. broelemanni esulcata (Southern Vietnam), and the nominotypical subspecies described from “Chou-San” (Zhoushan, formerly romanized as Chusan, Zhejiang Province in East China). Summing up, we consider S. broelemanni esulcata Attems, 1938 to be a valid subspecies, but its taxonomic status may be changed by examining representative relevant material. In 2005, NHMW specimens were examined by Amazons Chagas Junior, who identified them as “ Dinocryptops brolemanni (sic!) (Kraepelin, 1903)” (Fig. 14G). In his PhD thesis Chagas (2008) proposed the synonymy of S. broelemanni esulcata to S. broelemanni broelemanni and considered (p. 100) both of them as representative(s) of some new (but unnamed) genus—“Gen. Nov. 1” (any nomenclatural acts proposed there have no formal status— disclaimer to dissertation). He referred to both of these subspecies as “Gen. Nov. 1 broelemanni (Kraepelin, 1903) Comb. nova” (p. 101), but also as “ Dinocryptops broelemanni ” (pp. 25, 27 etc). Considering both subspecies to be the same form, Chagas (2008: 101) gave a composite description of the NHMW specimens as well as one specimen of Scolopocryptops broelemanni broelemanni from “ Guangdong Sheng, Nanking” (actually Nanking or Nanjing is disposed in Jiangsu Province, not in Guangdong Province) kept in National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C.) (No 31325, “Cook & Loomis, 23-X-1919 ”). This description is sufficiently detailed, but there are no data on the presence or absence of a median suture on tergite 23, a diagnostic character of S. broelemanni esulcata (it is clearly seen in the corresponding figure 27f on p. 183 that tergite 23 is devoid of this suture). In discussing the validity of S. broelemanni esulcata Chagas (2008: 138) wrote that both subspecies share common characters such as a spiracle on LBS 7 and lateral margination of the cephalic plate, but again omitted the diagnostic character mentioned above. Thus the synonymy proposed by Chagas (2008) remains in question., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 432-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Attems, C. (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, New Series, 6 (2), 187 - 353.","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The Scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Bonato, L., Chagas-Jr., A., Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P. & Zapparoli, M. (2016) ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available from: https: // chilobase. biologia. unipd. it (accessed 18 February 2021)","Kraepelin, K. (1903) Revision der Scolopendriden. Mitteilungen aus dem naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 20, 1 - 276.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]"]}

Scolopocryptops spinicaudus Wood, 1862 Figs 5–7 Scolopocryptops spinicauda Wood, 1862: 39; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus spinicaudus: Bollman, 1893: 178; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus [in part]: Attems, 1930: 260; Otocryptops sexspinosus: Chamberlin & Wang, 1952: 179; Schileyko, 1992: 8; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus: Schileyko, 1995: 75; Scolopocryptops sp.: Schileyko, 1998: 263; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus: Schileyko, 2001: 427; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Shelley, 2002: 72; Scolopocryptops sexspinosus: Chao, 2002: 38; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Song, Song & Zhu, 2004: 83; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Schileyko, 2007: 73; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 29; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Xiao, Chen & Di, 2021: 87. Scolopocryptops spinicauda: Edgecombe et al., 2012: 770; Scolopocryptops spinicaudus: Jonishi & Nakano, 2022: 4. Material. CAO BANG Province, Phia Oac — Phia Den NP: 1 spm (SVR. PO.014), natural forest, 22.59842°N 105.89417°E, 1371m a.sl., 10.07.2017, col. Le X.Son; 1spm(SVR. PO.018), natural forest, 22.61319°N 105.86698°E, 1803 m a.s.l., 12.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.038), natural forest, 22.61414°N 105.86822°E, 1750 m a.s.l., 13.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.051), mixed forest, 22.60610°N 105.87730°E, 1610 m a.s.l., 15.07.2017, col. Le X.Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.061), natural forest, 22.60610°N 105.87730°E, 1541 m a.s.l., 16.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.064), natural forest, 22.60644°N 105.87550°E, 1667 m a.s.l., 18.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. PO.073, SVR. PO.077), bamboo forest, 22.61497°N 105.86206°E, 1855 m a.s.l., 18.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.00139), natural forest, 22.60856°N 105.86458°E, 1694 m a.s.l., 04.06.2018, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.153), mixed forest, 22.60625°N 105.86775°E, 1633 m a.s.l., 05.06.2018, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.202), mixed forest, 22.60901°N 105.87074°E, 1596 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.205), mixed forest, 22.60892°N 105.87064°E, 1595 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 2 spms (SVR. PO.211, SVR. PO.212), natural forest, 22.60935°N 105.87027°E, 1604 m a.s.l., 04.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.234), mixed forest, 22.60321°N 105.87344°E, 1508 m a.s.l., 08.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.247), pine forest, 22.58684°N 105.85835°E, 1008 m a.s.l., 10.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.125), bamboo forest, 22.61342°N 105.8648°E, 1848 m a.s.l., 03.06.2019, col. Le X. Son; 8 spms (SVR. PO.002–009), mixed forest, 22.60836°N 105.86978°E, 1611 m a.s.l., 08.2020, col. Nguyen D. Anh. SON LA Province: 1 spm (SVR. TX.017) Ta Xua NR, regenerating forest, 21.32525°N 104.52722°E, 1417 m a.s.l., 05.10.2019, col. Le X. Son. QU ẢNG NAM Province, Song Thanh NR: 1 spm (SVR.STh.101), natural forest, 15.57269°N 107.35642°E, 1038 m a.s.l., 03.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.STh.102), natural forest, 15.57181°N 107.40994°E, 1007 m a.s.l., 03.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.STh.122), regenerating forest, 15.53931°N 107.38408°E, 1144m a.s.l., 04.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR.STh.132), regenerating forest, 15.54053°N 107.38272°E, 1154 m a.s.l., 09.05.2019, col. Le X. Son. VINH PHUC Province, Tam Dao: 2 spms (Rc 6341 in ZMMU), 1000–1200 m, subtropical forest, 18.08.- 04.09.1989, col. D. Popkov; 4 juv (Rc 6343 in ZMMU), 800–1200 m, subtropical montane forest, 12– 22.04.1986., col. S.I. Golovatch & L.N. Medvedev. GIA LAI Province: 1 ad (Rc 6432 in ZMMU), An Khe, environs of Buon Luoi Biological Station, tropical forest, litter, 12.1989, col. Y. M. Zaitsev. LAO CAI Province: 2 spms (Rc 6614, 6615 in ZMMU), Sa Pa District, 6-8 km W of Sa Pa, 1800 m a.s.l., rotten logs with soil inside, 07– 11.12.1996, col. M. V. Kalyakin; 1 ad + 1 juv (Rc 7165 in ZMMU), Hoang Lien NP, ca 2000 m a.s.l., subtropical forest, 16– 30.07.2007, col. S.I. Golovatch. LAM DONG Province, Bi Doup — Nui Ba NP, environs of Long Lanh: 1 ad + 1 sad (Rc 7225 in ZMMU), Exped. Rus-Viet. Trop. Cent., 1400–1900 m a.s.l., 01– 22.04.2008, col. D. Fedorenko; 6 spms (Rc 7497 in ZMMU), 12°10’44’’N 108°40’44’’E, 1400–1600 m a.s.l., 28.04– 10.05.2009, col. D. Fedorenko. Comparative material. Japan, Honshu, Nagano-ken, Sanada-cho, Sugadaira, 1 spm (Rc 6503 in ZMMU), 22– 24.06.1994, col. O. Gorbunov & J. Arita. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae dorsally; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergal paramedian sutures absent, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs lacking setae (more rarely their distal articles setose), ultimate prefemur with two spinous processes of typical both structure and disposition. Description of adult SVR.PO.202 [data on ZMMU material in square brackets where it differs]. Body length 35.6 [up to 60] mm, width of LBS 10 ca 3.56 mm. Antennae (Figs 5 AB) composed of 17 articles of them 2 basal ones very sparsely setose dorsally [2 dorsally and 4.5-5.5 laterally, Fig. 5E], following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 5A) nearly as long as wide, sparsely [deeply and densely] punctuate and marginate laterally, posterior margination absent. Forcipular segment (Fig. 5B): coxosternite, trochanteroprefemora and the base of tarsungulae coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle, a few transverse sutures cross median one in anterior third of coxosternite [all these sutures are poorly developed in not full-grown specimens]. Anterior margin of coxosternite strongly sclerotised, practically stright and is definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small, with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites 1–20 sparsely [densely and strongly] punctate, tergites 21-23 not punctate; tergite 1 with anterior margin covered by the cephalic plate, tergite 2 short, as long as 1/3 of tergite 3 (Fig. 5A). All tergites lacking complete paramedian sutures (Figs 5 DF). Incomplete lateral margination at tergites 5–22 [nearly complete at tergites (10)16– 22, Fig. 5F], only tergite 23 marginate completely. Tergite 23 nearly as long as wide [and with a narrow longitudinal depression in posterior half], its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites 2–20 (Figs 5 BC) sparsely [densely and strongly] punctuate, with some transverse sutures near posterior margin; sternite 23 (Fig. 6B) trapeziform and much narrower than penultimate one, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 6 AB) densely covered by irregularly located pores [coxal pore field long and wide, reaching both sternite 22 and coxopleuron’s posterior margin]; sharply pointed coxopleural process relatively short, slightly extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs 1–21 with monopartite tarsus; legs (Figs 5 BC, 6AB) 1–22 [1–21] with one tarsal spur, 1–20 [1–19(21)] with two tibial spurs, 21–22 with one tibial spur; legs 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. All legs not setose. Ultimate legs (Figs 6A–C) not setose (sparsely setose in a few specimens) [in some specimens tibia and tarsus densely setose, Fig. 6E]; basal part of prefemur with two typical spinous processes—the larger ventral and the smaller dorso-medial ones. Variability. ZMMU specimens (collected in Vinh Phuc, Gia Lai, Lao Cai and Lam Dong Provinces; Schileyko 1995: 74) have the maximal body length up to 60 mm (one of two adults Rc 6341 from Tam Dao), being much larger than IEBR material (recently collected in Cao Bang, Son La and Quang Nam Provinces); in other respects, all studied specimens are very similar. Remarks. Attems (1930: 260) wrote that S. sexspinosus (Say, 1821) (actually S. spinicaudus in part) has all antennal articles setose which data have been confirmed by Chao (2002) based on Taiwanese material. However, in all studied specimens from both IEBR and ZMMU two basal antennal articles are definitely not setose (Figs 5 AB). Schileyko (2007: 74) wrote in Remarks to this species: “Based on all taxonomic characters, the above specimens fit well Shinohara’s [1990] concept of Scolopocryptops nipponicus, a species synonymised with S. spinicaudus Wood, 1862 by Shelley [2002] ”. In some ZMMU specimens (one of six adults of Rc 7497, adult Rc 7225, adult Rc 6342, adult + juvenille Rc 7165) tarsus and tibia (and sometimes femur) of the ultimate legs are covered by quite long and well-developed setae (Fig. 6E) which are slightly less dense at femur comparing to more distal articles. As these setae are present only in a few specimens of the same sample (for example in Rc 7497 of four adults which kept the ultimate legs, only one specimen has these legs setose) one can suppose them to be, very probably, a result of the sexual dimorphism. The recent literature (Qiao et al. 2021) states that a “lack” of tergal paramedian sutures (in fact a lack of the complete ones) is the main diagnostic character to distinguish S. spinicaudus from S. rubiginosus. In fact, all IEBR material as well as the majority of ZMMU specimens of S. spinicaudus do not have these sutures (except for extremely short rudiments at very anterior and posterior margins of practically all tergites). However at least two adults of this species (both of ZMMU)—the largest (ca 50 mm) one of Rc 7497 and large (ca 40 mm) one Rc 6342—demonstrate tergites 4(8)–(18)21 with well-developed but incomplete (i.e. somewhat interrupted in the middle) paramedian sutures (Fig. 6F). Thus S. spinicaudus and S. rubiginosus differ from each other less than it was thought before. Also, the recent authors (for example Song et al. 2004) wrote that tergites of S. spinicaudus have “incomplete” lateral margination, but re-investigation of the ZMMU material, made by the second author, demonstrates this margination to be practically complete (at least in LBS of posterior body half, Fig. 5F). This fact supports as well the closest similarity of this species and S. rubiginosus, thus the further analyses may possibly show an identity of two these species. Another noteworthy point is that the largest adult of the mentioned above Rc 7497 (ZMMU) has a pair of the well (!) developed spiracles on LBS 7 (Fig. 6D); thus this specimen seems to be quite similar to S. broelemanni esulcata. Also this fact much reduces taxonomical value of such character as the number of spiracle pairs (at least in the genus Scolopocryptops). Range. Canada, Southern USA, Mexico, Korea, Japan, China (Attems 1930, Shelley 2002, Schileyko 2007). In Vietnam (Fig. 7) this species occurs from Northern to Central regions (Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc and Gia Lai Provinces; Schileyko 2007)., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 419-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Bollman, C. H. (1893) The Myriapoda of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 46, 1 - 210.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich. Vol. 54. Walter de Gruyter et Co. Publishing House, Berlin, 308 pp. [in German]","Chamberlin, R. V. and Wang, Y. H. M. (1952) Some records and Descriptions of Chilopods from Japan and oriental areas. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 177 - 188.","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Vietnam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The Scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Part 2. Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountain s (North Vietnam), 1998, 262 - 270. [in Russian]","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on Chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam), 2001, 417 - 445. [in Russian]","Shelley, R. M. (2002) A synopsis of the North American centipedes of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda). Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 5, 1 - 108.","Chao, J. L. (2002) Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan. M. Sc. Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University Publ., Kaohsiung, 98 pp.","Song, Z. S., Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. (2004) On a new species and a new record of the genus Scolopocryptops from China (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Hebei Nongye Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei], 27, 80 - 95.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The Scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3. Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02","Xiao, S. Q., Chen, H. M. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops longipes sp. nov., a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5082 (1), 87 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5082.1.8","Edgecombe, G. D., Vahtera, V., Stock, S. R., Kallonen, A., Xiao, X., Rack, A. & Giribet, G. (2012) A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 166, 768 - 786. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00860. x","Jonishi, T. & Nakano, T. (2022) Taxonomic accounts and phylogenetic positions of the Far East Asian centipedes Scolopocryptops elegans and S. curtus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zoological Science, 39, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 220029","Shinohara, K. (1990) A new species of the genus Scolopocryptops (Chilopoda: Cryptopidae) from Japan. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 41, 62 - 65."]}

Scolopocryptops capillipedatus (Takakuwa, 1938) Figs 8–10 Otocryptops capillipedatus Takakuwa, 1938: 297; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Chao, 2002: 33; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Chao & Chang, 2008: 14; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Qiao, Xiao & Di, 2021: 28; Scolopocryptops capillipedatus: Jonishi & Nakano, 2022: 3. Material. CAO BANG Province, Phia Oac — Phia Den NP: 1 spm (SVR. PO.002), natural forest, 22.60047°N 105.88313°E, 1325m a.s.l., 09.07.2017, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PO.005), natural forest, 22.59875°N 105.89417°E, 1452m a.s.l., 10.07.2017, col. Le X. Son. VINH PHUC Province, Tam Dao NP: 1 spm (SVR. TD.002), bamboo forest, 21.45378°N 105.6491°E, 1029 m a.s.l., 08.6.2018, col. Nguyen D. Hung; 2 spms (SVR. TD.008, SVR. TD.009), bamboo forest, 21.45758°N 105.6523°E, 977 m a.s.l., 08.8.2018, col. Nguyen D. Hung. NGHE AN Province, Pu Hoat NR:2 spms(SVR. PH.011, SVR. PH.012), natural forest, 19.75372°N 104.78836°E, 985 m a.s.l., 16.05.2019, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (SVR. PH.048), natural forest, 19.75542°N 104.78569°E, 1079 m a.s.l., 19.05.2019, col. Le X. Son. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles sparsely setose; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergal paramedian sutures absent, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs with the distal articles densely setose and femur setose, ultimate prefemur with two typical (larger ventral and smaller dorsomedial) spinous processes. Description of adult SVR. PH.048. Body length 34.4 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 3.27 mm. Antennae composed of 17 articles, of them 2 basal ones sparsely setose, following articles densely covered by minute setae (Figs 8 AB). Cephalic plate (Fig. 8A) nearly round, not setose, definitely punctate and marginate laterally, lacking posterior margination. Forcipular segment (Fig. 8B): coxosternite, trochanteroprefemora and the basal part of tarsungulae coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle; some transverse sutures cross the median one at anterior third of coxosternite. Anterior margin of coxosternite strongly sclerotised and is definitely divided by a median diastema into two very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites (Figs 8A, C, 9A) lacking paramedian sutures, not punctate, anterior margin of tergite 1 slightly covered by cephalic plate (Fig. 8A), tergite 2 very short, as long as 1/3–1/2 of tergite 3. Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 5–22, tergite 23 marginate completely. Tergite 23 (Fig. 9A) nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites (Figs 8B, D, 9C) lacking paramedian sutures, 2–17 ones sparsely punctate; sternites 2–19 with several transverse sutures. Sternite 23 (Fig. 9C) wider than long, tongue-shaped, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 9 BC) densely covered by irregularly located pores; coxopleural process pointed and comparatively short, slightly extending over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs (Figs 8B–D, 9C) 1–21 with one tarsal spur, 1–19 with two tibial spurs, 20–21 with one tibial spur; leg 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate legs (Fig. 9D): prefemur and femur sparsely setose, tibia and tarsus densely setose; prefemur with two typical spinous processes—the larger ventral and the smaller dorso-medial. Variability. Studied eight specimens show no visible variations. Range. This species was originally described from Korea by Takakuwa (1938), and recorded from Japan (Miyoshi 1982) and Taiwan (Chao 2002; Chao & Chang 2003); this is the first record of S. capillipedatus from Vietnam (Fig. 10). Remarks. The studied IEBR specimens fit well with Taiwanese material described by Chao (2002); however, this species is extremely close to S. spinicaudus in all morphological aspects except for the presence of “dense” (vs “sparse” in S. spinicaudus) setae on the ultimate both tibia and tarsus. It should be noted, that some (not all) specimens of S. spinicaudus (kept in both ZMMU and IEBR) have ultimate tarsus, tibia and (rarely) femur densely setose (Fig. 6E), sharing the main diagnostic character of S. capillipedatus. This fact deletes any real (i.e. morphological) differences between these two species except for the presence (vs. the virtual absence) of the sparse setae at two basal antennal articles in S. capillipedatus and the slight difference in shape of the ultimate sternite (tongue-shaped vs. trapeziform in S. spinicaudus). Thus, the recent identificational Scolopocryptops keys (Chao 2002, Chao & Chang 2003, 2008, Qiao et al 2021, Xiao et al 2021) do not allow to distinguish reliably “ S. capillipedatus ” from S. spinicaudus. Summing up, we consider S. capillipedatus as questionable (“molecular”) species with validity not supported reliably by morphology (see couplet 5 in the key below). At the moment we kept S. capillipedatus as a valid name because of shortage of the investigated material, but the further analyses will highly likely show its identity to S. spinicaudus., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on pages 424-426, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938, {"references":["Takakuwa, Y. (1938) Eine neue Otocryptops - Art aus Korea. Zoological Magazine, 50 (6), 297 - 298.","Chao, J. L. (2002) Revision on Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda) from Taiwan. M. Sc. Thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University Publ., Kaohsiung, 98 pp.","Chao, J. L. & Chang, H. W. (2008) Neotype designation for two centipedes, Scolopocryptops curtus (Takakuwa, 1939) and Cryptops nigropictus Takakuwa, 1936, and a review of species of Scolopendromorpha in Taiwan. Collection and Research, 21, 1 - 15.","Qiao, S., Xiao, S. Q. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops zhijinensis sp. n. and a key to species of Scolopocryptopine centipedes from China (Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 30 (1), 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.02","Jonishi, T. & Nakano, T. (2022) Taxonomic accounts and phylogenetic positions of the Far East Asian centipedes Scolopocryptops elegans and S. curtus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zoological Science, 39, 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zs 220029","Miyoshi, Y. (1982) Chilopoda. In: Kanda, N. (Ed.) New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan 2. Hokuryukan Co., Tokyo, pp. 728 - 738. [in Japanese]","Chao, J. L. & Chang, H. W. (2003) The scolopendromorpha centipedes (Chilopoda) of Taiwan. Afican Invertebrates, 44 (1), 1 - 11.","Xiao, S. Q., Chen, H. M. & Di, Z. Y. (2021) Scolopocryptops longipes sp. nov., a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae) from China. Zootaxa, 5082 (1), 87 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5082.1.8"]}

Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A., Nguyen, Anh D. (2023): A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species. Zootaxa 5228 (4): 441-447, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3

Scolopocryptops hoanglieni n. sp. Figs 11–13 Locus typicus. Hoang Lien NP, Lao Cai Province, Northwestern Vietnam. Material. LAO CAI Province, Hoang Lien NP, natural forest: Holotype (SVR.HL.002), 22.35063°N 103.77477°E, 1927 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Do T. Thinh; 2 Paratypes (SVR.HL.007, SVR.HL.008), 22.34563°N 103.77552°E, 2004 m a.s.l., 16.09.2020, col. Le X. Son; 1 spm (HL. 133 in VAST), 22.34603°N 103.7777°E, 2000 m a.s.l., 29.11.2018, col. Nguyen Duc Hung; Bat Xat NR, mixed bamboo forest, 22.6158°N 103.6359°E, 1686 m a.s.l., 1 spm (BX.026), 18.10.2018, col. Sung A. De. Diagnosis. 2 basal antennal articles virtually lacking setae; cephalic plate marginate laterally; tergites lacking paramedian sutures, tergites 6–20 with a well-developed “drop-like” longitudinal median depression, ultimate tergite with complete lateral margination; LBS 7 lacks spiracles; ultimate legs not setose, ultimate prefemur with two typical (ventral and dorso-medial) spinous processes. Description of the adult holotype SVR.HL.002. Body length 35.3 mm, the width of LBS 10 ca 2.7 mm. Antennae (Figs 11 AB) composed of 17 antennomeres of them 2 basal ones not setose, following articles densely covered by minute setae. Cephalic plate (Fig. 11A) as long as wide, sparsely punctuate and marginate laterally, posterior margination absent. Forcipular coxosternite (Fig. 11B): coxosternite and basal part of trochanteroprefemora coarsely and sparsely punctate. Coxosternite with a median suture which reaches its middle, some transverse sutures cross the median one in anterior third of coxosternite. Strongly sclerotised anterior margin of coxosternite definitely divided by a median diastema into two standard very low lobes; process of trochanteroprefemur small with a distinct basal suture; tarsungulum long, pointed. Tergites lacking paramedian sutures, sparsely punctuate; anterior margin of tergite 1 covered by cephalic plate. Lateral margination incomplete on tergites 4–22 (Figs 11 CD, 13B), only tergite 23 marginate completely (Figs 12 BC). Tergites 6–20 with a long (quasi-complete) “drop-like” longitudinal median depression which expanded to tergal posterior end (Figs 11 CD, 13B) and is bordered by paramedian keels. Tergite 23 (Fig. 12B) nearly as long as wide, its posterior margin much convex in the middle. Sternites lacking paramedian sutures, trapeziform, with many transverse / oblique sutures (Figs 11B, 12A–D). Sternite 23 (Fig. 12D) trapeziform, its posterior margin slightly concave. Coxopleuron (Figs 12 CD) densely covered by irregularly located pores; coxopleural process pointed and long, extended over the posterior margin of tergite 23. Legs (Figs 11D, 12A–C) 1–21 with 1 tarsal spur; 1–19 with two tibial spurs, 20–21 with 1 tibial spur; leg 1–22 with two pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate legs (Fig. 12E) not setose; prefemur with two spinous processes—very large ventral one and much smaller dorso-medial one, both disposed nearly at prefemur’s middle. Variability. Incomplete lateral margination is from tergite 2 in specimen SVR.HL.007 and longitudinal median depression is present on tergite 2-22 in specimens SVR.HL.008 and BX.026. Etymology. Named after Hoang Lien NP—the type locality of this species. Remarks. S. hoanglieni has a much thinner body than its congeners. The new species definitely differs from S. rubiginosus by the absence (vs. presence) of tergal paramedian sutures and from S. capillipedatus by not setose ultimate legs (vs. densely setose ultimate both tibia and tarsus). The new species is relatively similar to S. spinicaudus in the absence of tergal paramedian sutures and not setose ultimate legs, but is easily distinguished from the latter by tergites with a very characteristic longitudinal depression (Fig. 11C) which character seems to be unique, at least within Scolopocryptopinae., Published as part of Le, Son X., Schileyko, Arkady A. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A review of Vietnamese Scolopocryptops Newport, 1844 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), with a description of S. hoanglieni n. sp. and the updated generic list of species, pp. 441-447 in Zootaxa 5228 (4) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7539938

Additional file 2: Table S1A. Clinical characteristics of patients and healthy controls in the discovery cohort. Table S1B. Clinical characteristics of patients and healthy controls in the validation cohort. Table S2. Gene panel for targeted sequencing. Table S3. Frequencies of mutations of difference sources in 55 HCC patients.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Study design chart. The discovery cohort consists of 55 patients with stage I, II and IIIA HCC and 55 healthy volunteers. Ultra-deep sequencing using a panel of the 13 genes found most often mutated among PwHCC were performed on WBC gDNA, FFPE-tumor tissue gDNA and plasma cell-free DNA to identify TDMs and the challenges in classifying the two groups of patients. Mutation fragment length profiles were used as input features to build a machine learning model. The model's performance was subsequently validated in an independent cohort of 55 HCC patients and 53 healthy individuals recruited from a different site. Figure S2. Comparison of on target rate and depth coverage between cfDNA and paired WBC gDNA sequencing. (A) and (B) On target rate (A) and mean depth coverage (B) of paired liquid biopsy cfDNA and WBC gDNA samples from 55 HCC patients in the discovery cohort. (C) Bar graph showing the amount of cfDNA (ng per ml) of plasma from HCC and healthy control samples. ns: not significant, Mann–Whitney U test. Fig. S3. Tumor-derived mutations in plasma samples of PwHCC overlapped with mutations detected in plasma of healthy participants. (A) Oncoprint plots of distributions of TDMs in 55 healthy individuals. Each row represents a TDM with mutation labeled on the right side and left side shows the occurrences of each mutation. Each column represents a patient. (B) Percentages of mutations shared between liquid biopsies and paired WBCs (LB-share-WBC, blue) and mutations uniquely found in liquid biopsy (LB-unique-variants, orange) for each patient after implementing our statistical model. Fig. S4. PwHCC patients displayed cfDNA fragment length profiles distinct from healthy individuals. (A) Length distribution of cfDNA fragments in plasma samples of 55 PwHCC and 55 healthy individuals. (B) The mean ratio of short (≤ 150 bp) to long (> 150bp) fragments across 22 chromosomes at 5Mb resolution for 55 PwHCC and 55 healthy individuals. Fig. S5. Distribution of fragment length of sequencing reads carrying LB-unique mutations (ALT) in all 55 PwHCC (A) and 55 healthy individuals (B), as compared to their corresponding reference reads (REF) in the discovery cohort. Fig. S6. Graphic explanation of three features generated from analyzing fragment length distribution of LB-unique mutations. (A) Feature 1: The fraction of short-to-long reads that carry LB-unique mutations compared to their corresponding reference reads (RF) in PwHCC (left) and healthy controls (right). (B) Feature 2: Analysis of fragment length distribution of all LB-unique fragments enriched in specific regions (e.g., 110-135 bp). PHRED-scaled p-value obtained from Fisher's exact test used to compare the distribution of ALT-fragments in selected regions. (C) Feature 3: The probability of observing an ALT-fragment of size s (dot points) in all ALT fragments by proportions was calculated (λ) and the sum of λ(s) over a sliding and non-overlapping window of 10 consecutive values of s was computed to yield a 15-dimensional feature vector.

Aims: Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) provides substantially better survival rates. This study aimed to develop a blood-based screening assay named SPOT-MAS (‘screen for the presence of tumor by DNA methylation and size’) for early CRC detection with high accuracy. Methods: Plasma cell-free DNA samples from 159 patients with nonmetastatic CRC and 158 healthy controls were simultaneously analyzed for fragment length and methylation profiles. We then employed a deep neural network with fragment length and methylation signatures to build a classification model. Results: The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.989 and a sensitivity of 96.8% at 97% specificity in detecting CRC. External validation of our model showed comparable performance, with an area under the curve of 0.96. Conclusion: SPOT-MAS based on integration of cancer-specific methylation and fragmentomic signatures could provide high accuracy for early-stage CRC detection.

Beamformer performs spatial filtering to preserve the desired signal while suppressing interfering signals and noise arriving from directions other than the direction of interest. However, the beam pattern of the conventional beamformer is dependent on the frequency of the signal. It is common to use dense and uniform arrays for a broadband signal to achieve some essential performances together, such as frequency-invariant, white noise gain, directivity factor, front-to-back ratio, etc. Recently, the interest in sparse arrays is growing, mainly due to the capacity to reduce the number of sensors. Nevertheless, in general, finding a suitable sparse array layout is still a challenging task. Many studies have focused on optimization procedures to seek the sparse array deployment. This paper presents an alternative approach to determine the location of sensors. Starting with a weight spectrum of a virtual uniform array, some techniques are used, such as analyzing the weight spectrum to determine the critical sensors, applying the clustering technique to group the sensors into the different groups, and selecting the representative sensors for each group. After the sparse array deployment is specified, the optimization technique is applied to find the beamformer coefficients. The proposed method helps to save the computation time in the design phase, and its beamformer performance outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in several aspects.

Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2–4) Material examined Holotype. Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province, Con Dao National Park, Hon Ba trail; 08.65026N, 106.55683E; 35 m a.s.l.; 09 Nov. 2019; Vu Thi Ha leg.; natural forest; IEBR-Chi326. Paratypes. Six specimens; the same data as for holotype; IEBR-Chi325, IEBR-Chi331, IEBR-Chi332, IEBR- Chi333, IEBR-Chi377, IEBR-Chi379. Diagnosis Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by 18 antennomeres (of them, 2.3–2.5 basal ones are glabrous); forcipular tooth plates with 3 + 3 teeth; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures; sternites with incomplete paramedian sutures; the ultimate leg with 11–15 prefemoral spines. Description Color: Antennae, head and tergites blackish blue, whereas other parts yellow. Body length, ca. 30 mm; width, LBS 10 сa. 1.2 mm. Head: Cephalic plate with an incomplete median longitudinal sulcus, puncta and setae, and lateral marginations (Fig. 1A). Antennae with 18 antennomeres, 2.3–2.5 glabrous basal ones (Fig. 2A–B). Forcipular segment: coxosternite not setose; tooth plates well-developed, completely separated; each plate with three teeth: a larger and two smaller. Trochanteroprefemur processes with two tiny or only traces of teeth (Fig. 2D). Tergites 1–4 without sutures or keels; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures (Fig. 3A presents the paramedian structure on tergites 9–10). The last tergite without sulcus (Fig. 3C). Spiracles oval, on LBS 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 (Fig. 4A presents the spiracle on segment 10). Sternites not setose; paramedian sutures incomplete; marginations absent (Fig. 3B). Ultimate sternite subtrapeziform with concave posterior margin (Fig. 3D). Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron with many large pores covering nearly all its surface (Fig. 3D); coxopleural process short, with 2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral spines (Fig. 3D). Legs long and slender. Leg 1 with 2 tarsal spurs (Fig. 4B), 1 tibial and 1 femoral spur; legs 2–20 with only 1 tarsal spur, without tibial and femoral spurs. The ultimate leg very long and slender, with 14 relatively thin prefemoral spines: 1 located on the corner, 2 dorsomedial, 7 medial and 4 ventromedial ones (Fig. 4 C-D). Variability The number of prefemoral spines varies from 11 to 15, including 1–2 dorsomedial spines, 4–7 medial spines, and 2–5 ventromedial spines. The number of coxopleural spines also varies from 2 (1 apical, 1 subapical) to 4 (2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral). Etymology Named after the “Con Son” Island, the largest island of Con Dao National Park, where type series were collected. Distribution The new species was found only in the Con Son Island, which is about 80 km from the mainland of southern Vietnam. Remarks The number of glabrous basal antennomeres is systematically important (Schileyko 1995). By having 2–2.5 ones, the new species is close to O. astenus, O. multidens, O. scaber, and O. spinosus. The new species is different from O. scaber in the absence of longitudinal tergal keels and sternites lacking (or poorly developed) paramedian sutures. Otostigmus consonensis readily differs from all the aforementioned species (except for O. astenus) in having 3 + 3 (vs. 4 + 4 or even more) teeth of forcipular tooth plates. Two other diagnostic characters are the number of antennomeres (18 vs. 17 or 19–24) and the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. more than 4), but both of them may be a subject in individual variability in Otostigmus s. str. and should not be used alone for distinguishing species in this taxon (as suggested by Schileyko et al., 2020) The new species is closely related to O. voprosus. Both have 18 antennomeres, a tooth plate with three distinct teeth, and tergites with paramedian sutures, but they can be distinguished by the number of glabrous basal antennomeres (2.3–2.5 in the new species vs. 2.5–3 in O. voprosus), the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. 5), and the number of tarsal spurs on legs 2 and 3 (2 vs. 1). The phylogenetic analysis also revealed that O. voprosus is a sister species of the new one (Fig. 9). A detailed comparison between the new species and Otostigmus species recorded in Vietnam is presented in Table 2. (Data from Schileyko (1992, 1995), Lewis (2001) and Vu et al. (2020)), Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Le, Son X., Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2022, A new species and a new record of the genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) in Vietnam, pp. 60-76 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on pages 64-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6488136, {"references":["Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), (Part 2). Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A., Vahtera, V. & Edgecombe, G. D. (2020) An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses. Zootaxa, 4825 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4825.1.1","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Lewis, J. (2001) The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 13, 5 - 51. [http: // biostor. org / reference / 102264]","Vu, T. H., Nguyen, D. H., Le, X. S., Nguyen, A. D., Eguchi, K. & Tran, T. T. B. (2020) A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4808 (3), 401 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4808.3.1"]}

Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2–4) Material examined Holotype. Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province, Con Dao National Park, Hon Ba trail; 08.65026N, 106.55683E; 35 m a.s.l.; 09 Nov. 2019; Vu Thi Ha leg.; natural forest; IEBR-Chi326. Paratypes. Six specimens; the same data as for holotype; IEBR-Chi325, IEBR-Chi331, IEBR-Chi332, IEBR- Chi333, IEBR-Chi377, IEBR-Chi379. Diagnosis Otostigmus consonensis sp. nov. differs from its congeners by 18 antennomeres (of them, 2.3–2.5 basal ones are glabrous); forcipular tooth plates with 3 + 3 teeth; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures; sternites with incomplete paramedian sutures; the ultimate leg with 11–15 prefemoral spines. Description Color: Antennae, head and tergites blackish blue, whereas other parts yellow. Body length, ca. 30 mm; width, LBS 10 сa. 1.2 mm. Head: Cephalic plate with an incomplete median longitudinal sulcus, puncta and setae, and lateral marginations (Fig. 1A). Antennae with 18 antennomeres, 2.3–2.5 glabrous basal ones (Fig. 2A–B). Forcipular segment: coxosternite not setose; tooth plates well-developed, completely separated; each plate with three teeth: a larger and two smaller. Trochanteroprefemur processes with two tiny or only traces of teeth (Fig. 2D). Tergites 1–4 without sutures or keels; tergites 5–20 with complete paramedian sutures (Fig. 3A presents the paramedian structure on tergites 9–10). The last tergite without sulcus (Fig. 3C). Spiracles oval, on LBS 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 (Fig. 4A presents the spiracle on segment 10). Sternites not setose; paramedian sutures incomplete; marginations absent (Fig. 3B). Ultimate sternite subtrapeziform with concave posterior margin (Fig. 3D). Ultimate LBS: coxopleuron with many large pores covering nearly all its surface (Fig. 3D); coxopleural process short, with 2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral spines (Fig. 3D). Legs long and slender. Leg 1 with 2 tarsal spurs (Fig. 4B), 1 tibial and 1 femoral spur; legs 2–20 with only 1 tarsal spur, without tibial and femoral spurs. The ultimate leg very long and slender, with 14 relatively thin prefemoral spines: 1 located on the corner, 2 dorsomedial, 7 medial and 4 ventromedial ones (Fig. 4 C-D). Variability The number of prefemoral spines varies from 11 to 15, including 1–2 dorsomedial spines, 4–7 medial spines, and 2–5 ventromedial spines. The number of coxopleural spines also varies from 2 (1 apical, 1 subapical) to 4 (2 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral). Etymology Named after the “Con Son” Island, the largest island of Con Dao National Park, where type series were collected. Distribution The new species was found only in the Con Son Island, which is about 80 km from the mainland of southern Vietnam. Remarks The number of glabrous basal antennomeres is systematically important (Schileyko 1995). By having 2–2.5 ones, the new species is close to O. astenus, O. multidens, O. scaber, and O. spinosus. The new species is different from O. scaber in the absence of longitudinal tergal keels and sternites lacking (or poorly developed) paramedian sutures. Otostigmus consonensis readily differs from all the aforementioned species (except for O. astenus) in having 3 + 3 (vs. 4 + 4 or even more) teeth of forcipular tooth plates. Two other diagnostic characters are the number of antennomeres (18 vs. 17 or 19–24) and the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. more than 4), but both of them may be a subject in individual variability in Otostigmus s. str. and should not be used alone for distinguishing species in this taxon (as suggested by Schileyko et al., 2020) The new species is closely related to O. voprosus. Both have 18 antennomeres, a tooth plate with three distinct teeth, and tergites with paramedian sutures, but they can be distinguished by the number of glabrous basal antennomeres (2.3–2.5 in the new species vs. 2.5–3 in O. voprosus), the number of coxopleural spines (3–4 vs. 5), and the number of tarsal spurs on legs 2 and 3 (2 vs. 1). The phylogenetic analysis also revealed that O. voprosus is a sister species of the new one (Fig. 9). A detailed comparison between the new species and Otostigmus species recorded in Vietnam is presented in Table 2. (Data from Schileyko (1992, 1995), Lewis (2001) and Vu et al. (2020))

Otostigmus sulcipes Verhoeff, 1937 (Figs. 1, 5–8), Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Le, Son X., Nguyen, Thu-Anh T. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2022, A new species and a new record of the genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) in Vietnam, pp. 60-76 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6488136

The identification and quantification of actionable mutations are critical for guiding targeted therapy and monitoring drug response in colorectal cancer. Liquid biopsy (LB) based on plasma cell-free DNA analysis has emerged as a noninvasive approach with many clinical advantages over conventional tissue sampling. Here, we developed a LB protocol using ultra-deep massive parallel sequencing and validated its clinical performance for detection and quantification of actionable mutations in three major driver genes (KRAS, NRAS and BRAF). The assay showed a 92% concordance for mutation detection between plasma and paired tissues and great reliability in quantification of variant allele frequency.

Identification of tumor-derived mutation (TDM) in liquid biopsies (LB), especially in early-stage patients, faces several challenges, including low variant-allele frequencies, interference by white blood cell (WBC)-derived mutations (WDM), benign somatic mutations and tumor heterogeneity. Here, we addressed the above-mentioned challenges in a cohort of 50 nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients, via a workflow involving parallel sequencing of paired WBC- and tumor-gDNA. After excluding potential false positive mutations, we detected at least one TDM in LB of 56% (28/50) of patients, with the majority showing low-patient coverage, except for one TDM mapped to KMT2D that recurred in 30% (15/30) of patients.

Aims: Polyscias fruticosa has been well-known as a traditional medicinal herb which shares the same function as ginseng, favorable for their antioxidant capacity. In this study, the herbal health drink had been developed based on the Polyscias fruticosa extract. The effect of preservatives and storage temperature on the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total saponin content were investigated over the period of 16 weeks. Methodology: Polyscias fruticosa extract based herbal drinks were formulated. Potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were used as preservatives while storage temperature was set at 4 and 250C. Determination of total phenolic content was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Meanwhile, analysis of total flavonoid and saponin content was conducted by colorimetric methods. Results: In general, the effect of preservatives and storage temperature on the concentration of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content can clearly be seen after 6 weeks, while significant difference in concentration of total saponin content had been evidenced from week 11. Typically, The concentration of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total saponin content in formulas added preservatives and kept at 4°C were measured at 2.80±0.26 mg GAE/g, 8.24±0.44 mg CE/g and 20.29±0.27 mg OAE/g after 16 weeks, respectively; however, without adding preservatives and stored at 25°C, these components were found at a value of 1.77±0.1 mg GAE/g, 0.0±0.28 mg CE/g, 14.63±0.59 mg OAE/g, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, the presence of preservatives and fridge temperature (4°C) has been the optimal condition to maintain the quantity of biological phytocomponents in herbal health drink; however, the addition of preservatives and storage temperature should be taken into consideration depending on the storage time of herbal drink.

This paper is devoted to the study of a nonlinear Kirchhoff-Carrier wave equation in an annular associated with nonhomogeneous Dirichlet conditions. At first, by applying the Faedo-Galerkin, we prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the problem considered. Next, by constructing Lyapunov functional, we prove a blow-up result for solutions with a negative initial energy and establish a sufficient condition to obtain the exponential decay of weak solutions.

Aims: The search for plant-based treatments against atopic dermatitis (AD), a relapsing dermatological condition with high prevalence in tropical regions, has always been attracting special attention. Among many folk remedies for AD, Oroxylum indicum Linn (Bignoniaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant whose effectiveness has not yet been scientifically reported. This study thus aimed to investigate the anti-AD activity of ethyl acetate extract from the bark of Oroxylum indicum. The plant, known as midnight horror or Indian trumpet flower plant distributed throughout different areas of Southeast Asia. Methodology: Five cream formulations containing Oroxylum indicum ethyl acetate bark extract in different concentrations (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5%) were topically applied onto the dorsal skin of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized BALB/C mice once a day during 6 weeks. Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and Protopic (Tacrolimus 0.1%) were used as negative and positive control, respectively. All mice were subjected to the assessment of AD-like symptoms including the development of eczematous skin lesions, intensity of pruritus and histological alterations. Results: The plant extract at 5% was significantly effective in suppressing the dermatitis scores by 23.26% (n=6, p Conclusion: These results confirmed the inhibitory effect of Oroxylum indicumon the advance of AD at 5% when incorporated into a cream formulation and revealed the plant’s therapeutic potential in the approach to disease treatment. However, more studies on the immunosuppressive mechanism of the extract and the interplaying roles of main phytocomponents should ultimately support the utilization of this valuable medicinal plant.

Aims: Edible bird’s nest is well known as health food and Chinese’s traditional medicine. Edible bird’s nest(EBN) is made from saliva secretions of the swiftlets, genus Aerodramus, whose habitats are Southeast Asian countries. It is believed that different nutritional composition of EBN is dependent on the geographical origin, environmental condition, climates and food availability . This study reports on the nutritional content of edible bird’s nest of two different sources - house-farmed bird’s nest (Long An and Kien Giang Province) and cave bird’s nest (Khanh Hoa Province) in Vietnam. Methodology: Samples were collected from three different selected regions of Vietnam. Determination of protein, lipid and carbohydrate content was performed by AOAC Official Method 2001.12 (2005), AOAC Official Method 986.25 (2012) and FAO (1986), respectively. Meanwhile, Analysis of amino acid was conducted using Shimadzu gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID 2010) (EZ: faastTM USER’S MANUAL). Results: Analytical results showed that the most abundant component found in these edible bird’s nests was protein (49.43 - 51.17%), followed by carbohydrate (36.93 - 38.53%), and lipid (0.01 - 0.04%). Fifteen amino acids including seven essential amino acids were found in the house-farmed bird’s nest while seventeen amino acids including eight essential were identified in cave bird’s nest. Proline (3.68 - 4.69%), aspartic acid (3.58 - 4.52%), and serine (3.74 - 4.09%) were the major amino acids found in both house-farmed and cave bird’s nests while lysine was found to be the lowest concentration (0.74 - 0.87%). Methionine and 4-hydroxyproline were presented only in the cave bird’s nest. Conclusion: These findings indicate that there has been no significant difference in the content of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid (p > .05); however, the quality and quantity of some amino acids could be considered to be one of the key factors making the difference (p < .05) between house-farmed and cave edible bird’s nest.

The interleukin-1 family members, IL-1β and IL-18, are processed into their biologically active forms by multi-protein complexes, known as inflammasomes. Although the inflammasome pathways that mediate IL-1β processing in myeloid cells have been well defined, those involved in IL-18 processing, particularly in non-myeloid cells, are still not well understood. Here, we report that the host defence molecule NOD1 regulates IL-18 processing in epithelial cells to the mucosal pathogens, Helicobacter pylori and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that IL-18 is important in protecting against pre-neoplastic changes induced by gastric H. pylori infection in vivo. NOD1 mediates IL-18 processing via homotypic CARD-CARD interactions with caspase-1, and independently of canonical inflammasome proteins (NLRP3, ASC). These findings reveal an unanticipated role for NOD1 in the formation of bioactive IL-18, thereby underlining the differences in inflammasome functions between haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells.

Population-specific profiling of mutations in cancer genes is of critical importance for the understanding of cancer biology in general as well as the establishment of optimal diagnostics and treatment guidelines for that particular population. Although genetic analysis of tumor tissue is often used to detect mutations in cancer genes, the invasiveness and limited accessibility hinders its application in large-scale population studies. Here, we used ultra-deep massive parallel sequencing of plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) to identify the mutation profiles of 265 Vietnamese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Compared to a cohort of advanced NSCLC patients characterized by sequencing of tissue samples, cfDNA genomic testing, despite lower mutation detection rates, was able to detect major mutations in tested driver genes that reflected similar mutation composition and distribution pattern, as well as major associations between mutation prevalence and clinical features. In conclusion, ultra-deep sequencing of plasma cfDNA represents an alternative approach for population-wide genetic profiling of cancer genes where recruitment of patients is limited to the accessibility of tumor tissue site.

Genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 Type species: Otostigmus carinatus Porat, 1876, by subsequent designation (Pocock, 1891a: 229). Remarks. Edgecombe & Bonato (2011) stated that the genus is recognized by the sensilla coeloconica on clypeal part of epipharynx organized as a pair of lateral clusters; spiracles round or ovate, their long axis generally oriented vertically; floor of spiracular atrium usually raised into humps; border between labral and clypeal part of epipharynx strongly curved forwards; forcipular coxosternite with tooth-plates; leg tibia and tarsi with spurs, the latter sometime in pairs; testicular vesicles oriented oblique to central deferens duct. Most importantly, this genus is distinguished from other its congeners by the leg-bearing segment 7 lacking spiracles. The genus is currently divided into three subgenera distinguished by the presence (Otostigmus) or absence (Dactylotergitius and Parotostigmus) of spines on the ultimate leg prefemur. About 120 Otostigmus species have been described and are widely distributed worldwide (Edgecombe & Bonato in Minelli 2011). The subgenus Otostigmus comprises 58 species (Lewis 2010) or 60 (Edgecombe & Bonato in Minelli 2011) distributed in Africa and the Indo-Australian region. The subgenus Otostigmus is distinguished from the two other subgenera by having spines on the ultimate leg prefemur and coxopleural process with apical spines. All currently known species in Vietnam belong to the subgenus Otostigmus., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on page 405, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Porat, C. O. von (1876) Om nagra exotiska Myriopoder. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien Handligar, 4 (7), 1 - 48.","Minelli, A. (2011) Treatise on Zoology-Anatomy, Taxonomy Biology. The Myriapoda. Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden and Boston, 546 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188266","Lewis, J. G. E. (2010) A key and annotated list of the Scolopendra species of the Old World with a reappraisal of Arthrorhabdus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3, 83 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525410 X 12578602960380"]}

Otostigmus amballae Chamberlin, 1913 (Figs. 8���11) Otostigmus (O.) amballae Chamberlin, 1913: 74; Attems 1930: 153; Schileyko 1992: 7; Schileyko 1995: 81, fig. 7; Schileyko 1998: 268; Schileyko 2001: 429; Schileyko 2007: 78. Material examined. SON LA Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 069) Ta Xua Natural Reserve, bamboo forests, 21.3406N��� 104.6804E, elevation of 346 m, 12 November 2017, coll. Ha Kieu Loan & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 013) same data, but 21.3491N��� 104.6947E, elevation of 810 m, 11 November 2017; HOA BINH Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 014) Thuong Tien Natural Reserve, natural forests, 20.6346N��� 105.4500E, elevation of 515 m, 31 January 2018, coll. Hoang N. Anh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 054) same locality, but 20.6331N��� 105.4503E, elevation of 564 m, 14 May 2017, coll. Hoang N. Anh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 218) same locality, but bamboo forests, elevation of 441 m; VINH PHUC Province: 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 248-249), Me Linh station for Biodiversity, regenerated forests, 21.3885N��� 105.7193E, 2-3 December 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha. Diagnosis. Body with 21 leg-bearing segments. Spiracles oval-shaped (Fig. 9C). Antennae with 17 antennomeres; first two and �� of the third glabrous; the last antennomere twice as long as previous one (Fig. 8). Tergites 3���20 with three distinct longitudinal keels, and a slightly deep depression between these keels (Fig. 9B). Sternites 2���20 with wide and shallow paramedian grooves (Fig. 9A). Coxopleural process very short, conical, with up to 2 apical spines (Figs 9B, 10A). Prefemur of the ultimate legs with 0���4 ventral spines (Fig. 10 B���C). Previous records from Vietnam. HOA BINH, QUANG NINH (Schileyko, 1992, 1995, 2007). Distribution. The species has also been reported from India, Nepal and Thailand (Attems 1930; Schileyko 2007), but it has only been found in northern Vietnam so far (Fig. 11)., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 410-411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Chamberlin, R. V. (1913) Two new otostigmi from India. Entomological News, 24, 73 - 76.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich, 54, 1 - 308.","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), (Part 2). Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. In: Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountains (North Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 262 - 270.","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. In: Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 417 - 445.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos (Part 3). Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95."]}

Otostigmus aculeatus Haase, 1887 (Figs. 2���7) Otostigmus (O.) aculeatus Haase, 1887: 71; Attems 1938: 337; Attems 1953: 138; Schileyko 1992: 7; Schileyko 1995: 83, fig. 11; Schileyko 1998: 268; Schileyko 2001: 430; Lewis 2001: 28, figs 53���58; Chao & Chang 2003: 2; Schileyko 2007: 76, fig. 2. Otostigmus (O.) ziesel Schileyko, 1992: 10, figs 2b���d; Schileyko 1995: 85, fig. 13; Schileyko 1998: 268; Schileyko 2001: 431; synonymised by Schileyko (2007). Material examined. DIEN BIEN Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 074) Muong Nhe Natural Reserve, bamboo forests, 20.7091N��� 104.6869���E, 14 June 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Hung & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 076) same locality, but mixed forests, 20.7108N��� 104.6869E, elevation of 673 m, 14 May 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Hung & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 179) same locality, residential area, pitfall trapping, 11 January 2017, coll. Nguyen D. Hung & Le X. Son; SON LA Province: 6 specimens (IEBR-Chi 061, 063-067) Ta Xua Natural Reserve, natural forests, 20.7108N��� 20.7108E, elevation of 400 m, 9 February 2017, coll. Ha Kieu Loan & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 070) same locality, but bamboo forests, 21.3491N��� 104.6947E, elevation of 810 m, 11 November 2017, coll. Ha Kieu Loan & Le X. Son; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 072) same data, but 20.3437N��� 104.6802E, elevation of 515 m, 13 November 2017; HOA BINH Province: 3 specimens (IEBR-Chi 049, 222, 229) Thuong Tien Natural Reserve, natural forest, 21.6357N��� 105.4490E, elevation of 443 m, 31 January 2018, coll. Hoang N. Anh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 050) same data, but 20.6346N��� 105.4500E, elevation of 515 m; 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 227, IEBR-Chi 228) but 20.6287N��� 105.4340E, elevation of 509 m, 30 January 2018, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; 5 specimens (IEBR-Chi 051, IEBR-Chi 231, IEBR-Chi 235, IEBR-Chi 233, IEBR-Chi 234) same data, but 20.6400N��� 105.4440E, elevation of 295 m, 12 May 2017, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 232) same data, but 20.6378N��� 105.4467E, elevation of 357 m, 14 May 2017, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 060) same data, but 20.6231N��� 105.4298E, elevation of 586 m, 30 May 2017, coll. Tran T. T. Binh & Nguyen D. Hung; VINH PHUC Province: 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 129, IEBR-Chi 130), Me Linh station for biodiversity, regenerated forests, 21.3973N��� 105.7130E, 9 September 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha; 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 250, IEBR-Chi 253) same locality, Eucalyptus forests, 21.3833N��� 105.7126E, 2 December 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 254), Me Linh station for Biodiversity, regenerated forests, 21.3885N��� 105.7193E, 2-3 December 2018, coll. Vu T. Ha; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 035) same locality, mixed forests, 21.3992N��� 105.7241E, 9 July 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; 4 specimens (IEBR- Chi 011, 099, 103, 118) same locality, regenerated forests, 10���17 September 2016, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 094) same data, but 8���18 April 2014, pitfall trapping, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; QUANG NINH Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 239) Bai Tu Long National Park, Sau Nam Island (21.1784N��� 107.6646E), natural forests, 22 February 2012, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; BAC GIANG Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 012) Son Dong District, Tay Yen Tu Natural Reserve, Khe Ro station (21.3436N- 106.9698E)), natural forests, 17���18 May 2013, coll. Phung T.H. Luong; HAI PHONG Province: 8 specimens (IEBR-Chi 242, 244, 021, 022, 009, 183, 194, 245) Cat Ba National Park, natural forests, 20.7984N��� 106.9994E, 18 March 2012, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; NINH BINH Province: 4 specimens (IEBR-Chi 020, 088, 089, 090) Cuc Phuong National Park, natural forests, ���Nguoi Xua Cave, 21���22 September 2016, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 093) same locality, but 20.3217N��� 109.6081���E, 28 July���2 August 2017, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; NGHE AN Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 240) Pu Mat National Park, natural forests, 19.0799N��� 104.6371E, 4���10 April 2011, coll. Nguyen D. Anh; QUANG BINH Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 237) Son Trach District, Cha Noi Commune, limestone forests, 17.6432N��� 106.1019E, 16���19 February 2012, coll. Pham H. Phong; QUANG NGAI Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 193) Ly Son island, An Binh commune (15.4289N- 109.0811E), natural forests, 8 August 2017, coll. Dang T. Hoa; QUANG NAM Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 255) Song Thanh Natural Reserve (15.6700N��� 107.7188E), natural forests, elevation of 1,000 m, 11 January 2019, coll. Le X. Son; DAK LAK Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 172) Kon Ka Kinh National Park (14.2589N��� 108.3794E), natural forests, elevation of 920���1,200 m, 12 May 2016, coll. Le X. Son; DONG NAI Province: 1 specimen (IEBR-Chi 156) Cat Tien National Park, natural forests, on the way to Bau Sau, 11.4533N��� 107.3658E, elevation of 180 m, 10���11 July 2018, coll. Nguyen D. Anh. Diagnosis. Body with 21 leg-bearing segments. Spiracles oval-shaped (Fig. 2D). Antennae with 17 antennomeres including 3 basal smoothly glabrous ones (Fig. 2 A���B). Coxosternal plate with 4+4 teeth (Fig. 2B). Paramedian grooves distinct on both tergites and sternites (Fig. 3 A���B). Coxopleural process long, conical, with 5���7 apical spines (Figs 3 C���D, 5A���B, 6A���B). Prefemur of the ultimate legs with numerous spines arranged in rows (Figs 4 A���B, 5C, 6C). Previous records from Vietnam. QUANG NINH (Hon Gai, Ha Long); HAI PHONG (Cat Ba NP); HA NOI (Ba Vi NP); HOA BINH (Mai Chau District); VINH PHUC (Tam Dao NP); NINH BINH (Cuc Phuong NP); QUANG NAM (Cu Lao Cham Island); KON TUM (Buon Luoi); GIA LAI (An Khe District); DONG NAI (Ma Da; Cat Tien NP); Tho Chu Island; (Attems, 1938, 1953; Schileyko, 1992, 1995, 2007). Distribution. Also known from Laos, Indonesia (Java), Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China (Chao & Chang 2003; Schileyko 2007). Remarks. The species is widely distributed in Vietnam (Fig. 7). Otostigmus aculeatus varies remarkably in shape and chaetotaxic pattern of prefemoral spines of the ultimate leg. Based on the number of spines on coxopleural process and on prefemur of the ultimate leg, it can be divided into three morphological types. The first type has coxopleural process with 4 apical, 3 subapical and 1 dorsal spine, no lateral ones (Fig. 5 A���B). Prefemur of the ultimate leg has 1 corner, 3���4 dorsomedial, 6���8 medial, 8���9 ventromedial, and 5 ventrolateral spines���all spines are arranged in lines, but the dorsomedial and ventrolateral spines are big whereas medial and ventromedial ones are small (Fig. 5C). The second type has coxopleural process with 4 apical, 2���3 subapical, 1 lateral and 1 dorsal spine (Fig. 6 A���B). Prefemur of the ultimate leg has numerous small spines which are not arranged in lines (Fig. 6C). The last type has coxopleural process with 5���6 apical, 1 subapical, 1 dorsal spine, no lateral ones (Fig. 3 C���D). Prefemur of the ultimate leg has 1 corner, 3���4 dorsomedial, 5���8 medial, 7���8 ventromedial and 4���5 ventrolateral spines. These spines are big and arranged in lines (Fig. 4). These types were sometimes found in the same locality, e.g. Me Linh or Thuong Tien. The three types also formed different lineages in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 40). The differences may suggest that different species may be separated from O. aculeatus., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 405-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Haase, E. (1887) Die Indisch-Australischen Myriopoden. Pt. I. Chilopoden. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglichen Zoologischen und. Anthropologisch- Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 5, 1 - 118.","Attems, C. (1938) Die von Dr. C. Dawydoff in franzosisch-Indochina gesammelten Myriopoden. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, New Series, 6, 187 - 353.","Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. Dawydoff. C. (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Serie, Serie A, Zoologie, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Schileyko, A. A. (1992) Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda: Epimorpha). Part 1. Arthropoda Selecta, 1, 5 - 19.","Schileyko, A. A. (1995) The scolopendromorph centipedes of Vietnam (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha), (Part 2). Arthropoda Selecta, 4, 73 - 87.","Schileyko, A. A. (1998) Some Chilopoda from Sa Pa and Muong Cha, North Vietnam. In: Biological diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Fansipan Mountains (North Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 262 - 270.","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. In: Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 417 - 445.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2001) The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 13, 5 - 51.","Chao, J. - L. & Chang, H. - W. (2003) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Taiwan. African Invertebrates, 44 (1), 1 - 11.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos (Part 3). Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95."]}

Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 (Figs. 32���35) Otostigmus (O.) spinosus Porat, 1876: 22; Attems 1930: 152, fig. 182; Schileyko 2001: 433; Lewis 2001: 37, figs 75���78; Schileyko 2007: 81, fig. 5; Decker, 2013: 18. Material examined. GIA LAI Province: 2 specimens (IEBR-Chi 178) Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Krong village (14.2796N��� 108.4583E), natural forests, elevation of 660 m, 17���18 May 2017, coll. Nguyen D. Anh. Diagnosis. Body with 21 leg-bearing segments. Spiracles oval-shaped (Fig. 33C). Antennae with 21 antennomeres; first two and of the third glabrous (Fig. 32). Coxosternal plate with 4+4 teeth (Fig. 32D). Paramedian grooves distinct on tergites 3���20 (Fig. 33B), but incomplete, invisible on sternites (Fig. 33A). Coxopleural process long, conical, with 3 apical spines (Figs 33D, 34A). Spines on prefemur of the ultimate legs large and arranged in rows (Fig. 34 C���D). Previous records in Vietnam. KHANH HOA, LAM DONG, DONG NAI (Schileyko, 2001, 2007) Distribution. Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea (Attems, 1930; Schileyko, 2007). Remarks. Our specimens agree with the description of Lewis (2010). The species has been recorded only in southcentral Vietnam (Fig. 35)., Published as part of Vu, Ha T., Nguyen, Hung D., Le, Son X., Eguchi, Katsuyuki, Nguyen, Anh D. & Tran, Binh T. T., 2020, A review and notes on the phylogenetic relationship of the centipede genus Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) from Vietnam, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4808 (3) on pages 428-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4808.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3933160, {"references":["Porat, C. O. von (1876) Om nagra exotiska Myriopoder. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien Handligar, 4 (7), 1 - 48.","Attems, C. (1930) Myriopoda. 2. Scolopendromorpha. Das Tierreich, 54, 1 - 308.","Schileyko, A. A. (2001) New data on chilopod centipedes of Vietnam. In: Biological Diversity of Vietnam. Data on zoological and botanical studies in Vu Quang National Park (Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam). Nauka Publisher, Moscow, pp. 417 - 445.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2001) The scolopendrid centipedes in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Sofia (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 13, 5 - 51.","Schileyko, A. A. (2007) The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos (Part 3). Arthropoda Selecta, 16, 71 - 95.","Lewis, J. G. E. (2010) A key and annotated list of the Scolopendra species of the Old World with a reappraisal of Arthrorhabdus (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3, 83 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187525410 X 12578602960380"]}

Comprehensive profiling of actionable mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is vital to guide targeted therapy, thereby improving the survival rate of patients. Despite the high incidence and mortality rate of NSCLC in Vietnam, the actionable mutation profiles of Vietnamese patients have not been thoroughly examined. Here, we employed massively parallel sequencing to identify alterations in major driver genes (EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, ALK and ROS1) in 350 Vietnamese NSCLC patients. We showed that the Vietnamese NSCLC patients exhibited mutations most frequently in EGFR (35.4%) and KRAS (22.6%), followed by ALK (6.6%), ROS1 (3.1%), BRAF (2.3%) and NRAS (0.6%). Interestingly, the cohort of Vietnamese patients with advanced adenocarcinoma had higher prevalence of EGFR mutations than the Caucasian MSK-IMPACT cohort. Compared to the East Asian cohort, it had lower EGFR but higher KRAS mutation prevalence. We found that KRAS mutations were more commonly detected in male patients while EGFR mutations was more frequently found in female. Moreover, younger patients (ALK or ROS1. In conclusions, our study revealed mutation profiles of 6 driver genes in the largest cohort of NSCLC patients in Vietnam to date, highlighting significant differences in mutation prevalence to other cohorts.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are constitutively produced by Gram-negative bacteria both in vivo and in vitro. These lipid-bound structures carry a range of immunogenic components derived from the parent cell, which are transported into host target cells and activate the innate immune system. Recent advances in the field have shed light on some of the multifaceted roles of OMVs in host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we investigated the ability of OMVs from two clinically important pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Helicobacter pylori, to activate canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes. P. aeruginosa OMVs induced inflammasome activation in mouse macrophages, as evidenced by "speck" formation, as well as the cleavage and secretion of interleukin-1β and caspase-1. These responses were independent of AIM2 and NLRC4 canonical inflammasomes, but dependent on the noncanonical caspase-11 pathway. Moreover, P. aeruginosa OMVs alone were able to activate the inflammasome in a TLR-dependent manner, without requiring an exogenous priming signal. In contrast, H. pylori OMVs were not able to induce inflammasome activation in macrophages. Using CRISPR/Cas9 knockout THP-1 cells lacking the human caspase-11 homologs, caspase-4 and -5,we demonstrated that caspase-5 but not caspase-4 is required for inflammasome activation by P. aeruginosa OMVs in human monocytes. In contrast, free P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transfected into cells induced inflammasome responses via caspase-4. This suggests that caspase-4 and caspase-5 differentially recognize LPS depending on its physical form or route of delivery into the cell. These findings have relevance to Gram-negative infections in humans and the use of OMVs as novel vaccines.

Aims: The search for plant-based treatments against atopic dermatitis (AD), a relapsing dermatological condition with high prevalence in tropical regions, has always been attracting special attention. Among many folk remedies for AD, Oroxylum indicum Linn (Bignoniaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant whose effectiveness has not yet been scientifically reported. This study thus aimed to investigate the anti-AD activity of ethyl acetate extract from the bark of Oroxylum indicum. Methodology: Five cream formulations containing Oroxylum indicum ethyl acetate bark extract in different concentrations (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5%) were topically applied onto the dorsal skin of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized BALB/C mice once a day during 6 weeks. Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and Protopic (Tacrolimus 0.1%) were used as negative and positive control, respectively. All mice were subjected to the assessment of AD-like symptoms including the development of eczematous skin lesions, intensity of pruritus and histological alterations. Results: The plant extract at 5% was significantly effective in suppressing the dermatitis scores by 23.26% (n=6, p

Four new diterpene-type compounds normiltirone (

Four new diterpene-type compounds normiltirone (3) and isosalviamides F-H (14–16) together with twelve known compounds (1, 2, 4–13) were isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their structures were mainly elucidated from detailed spectroscopic data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Compound 11 showed a strong inhibitory effect, with an IC50 value of 3.4 ± 1.2 μM.

We present the results of an experimental study of the interaction of quantized Landau level (LL) edge-states at the physical edge of graphene by using a graphene pn junction device with a ring-shaped geometry for the channel. The unique device geometry allows the interactions between edge-states to be probed at both electrostatic edges defined by pn junctions and at the graphene physical edge. Measurements show that while the lowest LL edge-state is decoupled from the other LLs along the electrostatic junction, all the edge-states strongly equilibrate at the graphene physical edge despite the relatively short distance that they travel along the edge in our device. These findings are fundamental for the engineering of future high-performance graphene field-effect transistors based upon electron optics.

International audience; In many industrial issues where safety, reliability, and availability are considered of first importance, the lifetime prediction is a basic requirement. In this paper, by developing a prognostic probabilistic approach, a remaining lifetime distribution is associated to the system or component under consideration. More particularly, the system׳s deterioration is modelled by a non-homogeneous gamma process. The model considers a noisy observed degradation data and by using the Gibbs sampling technique, the hidden degradation states are approximated and afterwards the system׳s remaining useful lifetime distribution is estimated. Our proposed prognosis method is applied to the Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) 2008 conference challenge data and the interest of our probabilistic model is highlighted. To point out the interest of the prognostic, a maintenance decision rule based on the remaining lifetime estimation results is proposed.

Three new sesquiterpenoids, 13-hydroxyl-atractylenolide II (1), 4-ketone-atractylenolide III (2), and eudesm-4(15)-ene-7β,11-diol (3), along with eleven known compounds (4-14), were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. The structures and relative configurations of 1-3 were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by circular dichroism technique. The anti-inflammatory activities of these isolates were evaluated against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells; compounds 4, 7, and 8 exhibited moderate efficacy with IC50 values of 48.6±0.5, 46.4±3.2, and 32.3±2.9 µM, respectively.