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The European research project ARTEM (Aircraft noise Reduction Technologies and related Environmental iMpact) develops innovative aircraft noise reduction technologies such as advanced engine fan lining, metamaterials and low-noise high-lift systems applied to a vehicle with enhanced shielding of the engine noise, namely, a blended wing body. Using aircraft flyover auralisation in laboratory listening experiments, such future technologies can be evaluated with respect to human sound perception. To assess the reliability of such perception-based evaluations, the simulation chain should be validated with existing aircraft flyovers. This contribution presents a systematic and rigorous hierarchical validation of auralisations of current jet aircraft using field recordings. Uncertainty in the source modelling is considered by using two different prediction tools for partial sound sources. In addition to comparing computed noise indicators, a psychoacoustic validation is done in laboratory listening experiments with a 3D loudspeaker array. The validation comprises three levels: (i) direct comparison of auralisations with recordings to study the identifiability of auralisations, (ii) ranking of auralisations and recordings regarding plausibility, and (iii) subjective annoyance ratings to test whether auralisations and recordings differ with respect to noise effects. Further, first results on the comparison of a future concept with a current aircraft are presented.

Recent research has provided new information on the impact of COVID-19 and previous pandemics on the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCP). Several studies have found that HCP are greatly affected by pandemics and may develop anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The stress caused by the intense working conditions and the fear of contracting and transmitting the virus are major vulnerability factors for these workers, increasing their risk of developing a mental health condition. It is therefore essential to provide appropriate support to this population in order to reduce and avoid the psychological burden of the current pandemic on their mental health. Considering the data previously published on the COVID-19 pandemic and past epidemics, the present article aims to provide an epidemiological review of the psychological impact of a pandemic on healthcare professionals. Furthermore, it examines, from a theoretical perspective, whether EMDR early interventions (EEI) may constitute an effective solution in order to provide psychological support to HCP in hospitals. Lastly, the article will identify various protocols for EEI, which, it argues, should be the approaches of choice for providing early support following a potentially traumatic event.

As part of the Agence Nationale de Recherche Caractérisation des ENvironnements SonorEs urbains (Characterization of urban sound environments) project, a questionnaire was sent in January 2019 to households in a 1 km2 study area in the city of Lorient, France, to which about 318 responded. The main objective of this questionnaire was to collect information about the inhabitants' perception of the sound environments in their neighborhoods, streets, and dwellings. In the same study area, starting mid-2019, about 70 sensors were continuously positioned, and 15 of them were selected for testing sound source recognition models. The French lockdown due to the COVID-19 crisis occurred during the project, and the opportunity was taken to send a second questionnaire during April 2020. About 31 of the first 318 first survey respondents answered this second questionnaire. This unique longitudinal dataset, both physical and perceptual, allows the undertaking of an analysis from different perspectives of such a period. The analysis reveals the importance of integrating source recognition tools, soundscape observation protocol, in addition to physical level analysis, to accurately describe the changes in the sound environment.

Resume L’hypotension intracrânienne spontanee (HIS) est une anomalie de repartition des volumes intracrâniens, due a une fuite rachidienne de liquide cephalorachidien (LCR), au depend des espaces sous-arachnoidiens qui ne peuvent plus assurer l’interface entre le nevraxe et l’enveloppe osteomeningee. La definition par la Classification Internationale des Cephalees 3e edition (ICHD-3) demontre qu’il s’agit d’un challenge diagnostique pour le praticien. Elle s’appuie sur des signes cliniques peu specifiques qui doivent etre confirmes par des signes radiologiques difficiles a identifier, prouvant une fuite meningee de LCR. Il en decoule une strategie therapeutique encore peu etablie. A partir d’une discussion de cette definition, afin d’ameliorer le diagnostic d’HIS, il apparait crucial de chercher dans l’enquete etiologique des patients presentant des cephalees, le caractere orthostatique, permanent ou non, dans l’anamnese des symptomes. Qu’il soit present ou non, il faudra ensuite verifier sur l’IRM cerebrale des signes indirects de fuite du LCR sous la forme d’un deplacement cranio caudal du nevraxe, d’un engorgement veineux, ou d’un decollement sous-dural. En cas de diagnostic etabli, un traitement medical associe a un blood patch epidural lombaire pouvant etre repete, constitue la premiere ligne therapeutique. L’identification de la fuite de LCR est plus difficile et inconstante, necessitant le recours au myelo-TDM. Elle sera reservee aux cas pour lesquels le diagnostic reste incertain apres l’IRM cerebro-medullaire, et pour lesquels une therapie ciblee sur la breche est indispensable. L’amelioration des strategies diagnostiques de l’HIS est d’autant plus importante que le pronostic est extremement favorable grâce a un traitement bien conduit.

A binaural model predicting speech intelligibility in envelope-modulated noise for normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired listeners is proposed. The study shows the importance of considering an internal noise with two components relying on the individual audiogram and the level of the external stimuli. The model was optimized and verified using speech reception thresholds previously measured in three experiments involving NH and hearing-impaired listeners and sharing common methods. The anechoic target, in front of the listener, was presented simultaneously through headphones with two anechoic noise-vocoded speech maskers (VSs) either co-located with the target or spatially separated using an infinite broadband interaural level difference without crosstalk between ears. In experiment 1, two stationary noise maskers were also tested. In experiment 2, the VSs were presented at different sensation levels to vary audibility. In experiment 3, the effects of realistic interaural time and level differences were also tested. The model was applied to two datasets involving NH listeners to verify its backward compatibility. It was optimized to predict the data, leading to a correlation and mean absolute error between data and predictions above 0.93 and below 1.1 dB, respectively. The different internal noise approaches proposed in the literature to describe hearing impairment are discussed.

This dataset contains the data used to do analyses for a manuscript submitted as a stage 2 registered report for Royal Society Open Science.

This archive contains the supplementary materials related to the article"Effects of reverberation on speech intelligibility in noise for hearing-impaired listeners" submitted as a registered report to Royal Society Open Science.

Deliverable 3.7 is focusing on novel methods to account, measure and possibly understand and explain people���s annoyance from airport activities that produce noise. We focus on the ability to calculate two types of information that would help the assessment of the annoyance. We firstly work on the calculation of dynamic noise maps, acoustic maps that illustrate in real time the temporal change of noise levels. We introduce in these noise maps calculations that are based on the mobility patterns of the individuals. In this deliverable, different ways of collecting human mobility patterns will be explained in more details along with the methodology used to incorporate it into dynamic noise maps. Furthermore, a real case study conducted within the ANIMA project, based on the one-year air traffic data, sheds light on the benefits of using this new approach and demonstrate how daily movements influence the estimated population noise annoyance around an airport. The work uses daily mobility patterns to assess the impact on people and more specifically the number of people that have been annoyed /affected on a daily basis. Real world scenarios for Ljubljana and Heathrow airports are considered and discussed. The Heathrow airport case study described in Annex 1 is confidential and will be publicly available upon publication of these results. On the other hand, we try to measure and understand the annoyance as it is expressed by people who are living in the area on social media posts. We capture and analyse millions of such posts and classify them based on their polarity. It is by itself an interesting research problem to be able to define the notion of positive (no or minimal annoyance) and negative (high levels of annoyance) sentiments that people carry in those posts. We exploit in this study the ability to capture a significant amount of information, which has the potential to allow us to break free from the limitations of traditional surveying methods. On the other hand, further research is necessary into accounting for the biases already existing on the internet. Thus, in this part of the study, we restrict ourselves into conclusions that can be drawn by comparing the collected data after the classification process (aka among itself) and no generalization to the general public is attempted. The study aims to create a prototype and assess the feasibility of the task of understanding people���s annoyance based on social media posts and it does not try to provide final conclusions on this. We do this by relying to a set of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, which we train and use to learn from the data. While the main goal of the current work is to explore the sentiment as positive or negative, the effort could be further expanded to extract additional semantics. Furthermore, the work described here is based on two independent methods to assess social media posts in both real-time and offline. We plan to release these tools as a comprehensive open-source toolkit to be usable by any researcher. The advances in computational technology and the advanced ability to capture data, being mobility habits or social media activity, provide us with a unique environment that allows to better understand the effect of airport related activities to the life of people in a non-intrusive and scientifically sound way. This deliverable captures two such efforts, supported by diverse case studies in different countries and demonstrates that additional insights are possible., This document is the public version of deliverable D3.7 which contains an additional annex. Results introduced in this annex are not public up to their forthcoming publication in a peer-review journal.

Technological changes have driven the developments in the field of noise annoyance research. It helped to increase knowledge on the topic substantially. It also provides opportunities to conduct novel research. The introduction of the internet, the mobile phone, and miniaturisation and improved sensor technology are at the core of the three research examples presented in this chapter. The first example is the use of a Virtual Reality simulation to evaluate aircraft flyovers in different environments, and it examines how visual perception influences noise annoyance. The second example describes the use of a mobile application applying an Experience Sampling Method to assess noise annoyance for a group of people living near an airport. The third and final example is a study over social media discussions in relation to noise annoyance and quality of life around airports. These three examples demonstrate how novel technologies help to collect and analyse data from people who live around airports, and so improve our understanding of the effect of noise on humans.

This file contains the design table of the study, as well as the results of several supplementary analyses, more specifically: an age analysis, a SRT analysis, positive controls, and analyses done at all SNRs.

Aims: In 2018, the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) recognized a new diagnosis in addition to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), that of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD). A new measurement tool was developed to assess both disorders: the International Trauma Questionnaire. The objectives of this study were (a) to conduct a French translation of the tool, (b) to confirm the factorial structure of the tool, (c) to verify its convergent and divergent validity, (d) and finally to ensure its temporal stability. Method: The ITQ was translated into French using a committee approach, bringing together experts and bilingual individuals with a dual French-English culture. It was then completed by 750 people residing in France and having been exposed to potentially traumatic events, recruited from the general population. Other measures were also completed (HADS, ITEM, PCL-5, WHO-5, DERS). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the French version of the ITQ had the same factor structure as the original version. The scale showed satisfactory convergent and divergent validity, as well as good stability over time. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the French version of the ITQ is a good measurement tool for assessing PTSD and C-PTSD according to the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria. HIGHLIGHTSThis study provides the first translation and validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire in the French population.Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the French version of the ITQ had the same factor structure as the original version.The French version of the ITQ showed good convergent and divergent validity, as well as good test-retest reliability. This study provides the first translation and validation of the International Trauma Questionnaire in the French population. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the French version of the ITQ had the same factor structure as the original version. The French version of the ITQ showed good convergent and divergent validity, as well as good test-retest reliability.

J.M.O. acknowledges financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF) through the PhD grant SFRH/BD/131700/2017. The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant Agreement nffi 669416 "Lucky Star". We thank S. Para who supported some travels to observe the 5 October 2017 occultation. T.B. was supported for this research by an appointment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Program at the Ames Research Center administered by Universities Space Research Association (USRA) through a contract with NASA. We acknowledge useful exchanges with Mark Gurwell on the ALMA CO observations. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. J.L.O., P.S.-S., N.M. and R.D. acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709), they also acknowledge the financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-2017-84637-R and the Proyecto de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucia J.A. 2012-FQM1776. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF). P.S.-S. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish grant AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00 "LEO-SBNAF". The work was partially based on observations made at the Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica (LNA), Itajuba-MG, Brazil. The following authors acknowledge the respective CNPq grants: F.B.-R. 309578/2017-5; R.V.-M. 304544/2017-5, 401903/2016-8; J.I.B.C. 308150/2016-3 and 305917/2019-6; M.A. 427700/20183, 310683/2017-3, 473002/2013-2. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Finance Code 001 and the National Institute of Science and Technology of the e-Universe project (INCT do e-Universo, CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). G.B.R. acknowledges CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 and CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, M.A. FAPERJ grant E26/111.488/2013 and A.R.G.Jr. FAPESP grant 2018/11239-8. B.E.M. thanks CNPq 150612/2020-6 and CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05 grants. Part of the photometric data used in this study were collected in the frame of the photometric observations with the robotic and remotely controlled telescope at the University of Athens Observatory (UOAO; Gazeas 2016). The 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope is operated on Helmos Observatory by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. Observations with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope were carried out under OPTICON programme. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730890. This material reflects only the authors views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The 1. 2m Kryoneri telescope is operated by the Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory of Athens. The Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA) is managed by the Fondazione Clement Fillietroz-ONLUS, which is supported by the Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, the Town Municipality of Nus and the "Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius". The 0.81 m Main Telescope at the OAVdA was upgraded thanks to a Shoemaker NEO Grant 2013 from The Planetary Society. D.C. and J.M.C. acknowledge funds from a 2017 'Research and Education' grant from Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. P.M. acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia ref. PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017 through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE 2020 (ref. POCI010145 FEDER007672). F.J. acknowledges Jean Luc Plouvier for his help. S.J.F. and C.A. would like to thank the UCL student support observers: Helen Dai, Elise Darragh-Ford, Ross Dobson, Max Hipperson, Edward Kerr-Dineen, Isaac Langley, Emese Meder, Roman Gerasimov, Javier Sanjuan, and Manasvee Saraf. We are grateful to the CAHA, OSN and La Hita Observatory staffs. This research is partially based on observations collected at Centro Astronomico HispanoAleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by Junta de Andalucia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC). This research was also partially based on observation carried out at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada (OSN) operated by Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This article is also based on observations made with the Liverpool Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by Liverpool John Moores University in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias with financial support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. Partially based on observations made with the Tx40 and Excalibur telescopes at the Observatorio Astrofisico de Javalambre in Teruel, a Spanish Infraestructura Cientifico-Tecnica Singular (ICTS) owned, managed and operated by the Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon (CEFCA). Tx40 and Excalibur are funded with the Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE). A.R.R. would like to thank Gustavo Roman for the mechanical adaptation of the camera to the telescope to allow for the observation to be recorded. R.H., J.F.R., S.P.H. and A.S.L. have been supported by the Spanish projects AYA2015-65041P and PID2019-109467GB-100 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. Our great thanks to Omar Hila and their collaborators in Atlas Golf Marrakech Observatory for providing access to the T60cm telescope. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds (National) de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant PDR T.0120.21. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate., Context. A stellar occultation by Neptune's main satellite, Triton, was observed on 5 October 2017 from Europe, North Africa, and the USA. We derived 90 light curves from this event, 42 of which yielded a central flash detection. Aims. We aimed at constraining Triton's atmospheric structure and the seasonal variations of its atmospheric pressure since the Voyager 2 epoch (1989). We also derived the shape of the lower atmosphere from central flash analysis. Methods. We used Abel inversions and direct ray-tracing code to provide the density, pressure, and temperature profiles in the altitude range similar to 8 km to similar to 190 km, corresponding to pressure levels from 9 mu bar down to a few nanobars. Results. (i) A pressure of 1.18 +/- 0.03 mu bar is found at a reference radius of 1400 km (47 km altitude). (ii) A new analysis of the Voyager 2 radio science occultation shows that this is consistent with an extrapolation of pressure down to the surface pressure obtained in 1989. (iii) A survey of occultations obtained between 1989 and 2017 suggests that an enhancement in surface pressure as reported during the 1990s might be real, but debatable, due to very few high S/N light curves and data accessible for reanalysis. The volatile transport model analysed supports a moderate increase in surface pressure, with a maximum value around 2005-2015 no higher than 23 mu bar. The pressures observed in 1995-1997 and 2017 appear mutually inconsistent with the volatile transport model presented here. (iv) The central flash structure does not show evidence of an atmospheric distortion. We find an upper limit of 0.0011 for the apparent oblateness of the atmosphere near the 8 km altitude., Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology SFRH/BD/131700/2017, European Social Fund (ESF) SFRH/BD/131700/2017, European Research Council under the European Community's H2020 2014-2021 ERC grant 669416, Spanish Government SEV-2017-0709 AYA-2017-84637-R AYA-RTI2018-098657-J-I00, Junta de Andalucia 2012-FQM1776, European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, as part of the project "Small Bodies Near and Far" (SBNAF) 687378, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ), Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF) 309578/2017-5 304544/2017-5 401903/2016-8 308150/2016-3 305917/2019-6 427700/2018-3 310683/2017-3 473002/2013-2, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 465376/2014-2 CAPES-FAPERJ/PAPDRJ grant E26/203.173/2016 CAPES-PRINT/UNESP grant 88887.571156/2020-00, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) E26/111.488/2013, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2018/11239-8, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 150612/2020-6, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 730890, Regional Government of the Aosta Valley, Town Municipality of Nus, Unite des Communes valdotaines Mont-Emilius, Planetary Society, Fondazione CRT-Cassa di Risparmio di Torino, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology PTDC/FISAST/29942/2017, FEDER through COMPETE 2020 POCI010145 FEDER007672, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel (FITE), Spanish Government AYA2015-65041P PID2019-109467GB-100, Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS PDR T.0120.21, University of Liege, CAPES/Cofecub-394/2016-05

Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). Yet, there is a lack of biomarkers to predict whether a patient will benefit from immunotherapy. Our aim was to create radiomics models on pretreatment computed tomography (CT) to predict overall survival (OS) and treatment response in patients with MM treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.We performed a monocentric retrospective analysis of 503 metastatic lesions in 71 patients with 46 radiomics features extracted following lesion segmentation. Predictive accuracies for OS 1 year versus 1 year and treatment response versus no response was compared for five feature selection methods (sequential forward selection, recursive, Boruta, relief, random forest) and four classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), random forest, K-nearest neighbor, logistic regression (LR)) used with or without SMOTE data augmentation. A fivefold cross-validation was performed at the patient level, with a tumour-based classification.The highest accuracy level for OS predictions was obtained with 3D lesions (0.91) without clinical data integration when combining Boruta feature selection and the LR classifier, The highest accuracy for treatment response prediction was obtained with 3D lesions (0.88) without clinical data integration when combining Boruta feature selection, the LR classifier and SMOTE data augmentation. The accuracy was significantly higher concerning OS prediction with 3D segmentation (0.91 vs 0.86) while clinical data integration led to improved accuracy notably in 2D lesions (0.76 vs 0.87) regarding treatment response prediction. Skewness was the only feature found to be an independent predictor of OS (HR (CI 95%) 1.34, p-value 0.001).This is the first study to investigate CT texture parameter selection and classification methods for predicting MM prognosis with treatment by immunotherapy. Combining pretreatment CT radiomics features from a single tumor with data selection and classifiers may accurately predict OS and treatment response in MM treated with anti-PD-1.

This study investigated the effect of hearing loss on binaural unmasking (BU) for the intelligibility of speech in noise. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured with normal-hearing (NH) listeners and older mildly hearing-impaired (HI) listeners while varying the presentation level of the stimuli, reverberation, modulation of the noise masker, and spatial separation of the speech and noise sources. On average across conditions, the NH listeners benefited more (by 0.6 dB) from BU than HI listeners. The binaural intelligibility model developed by Vicente, Lavandier, and Buchholz [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 148, 3305–3317 (2020)] was used to describe the data, accurate predictions were obtained for the conditions considering moderate noise levels [50 and 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL)]. The interaural jitters that were involved in the prediction of BU had to be revised to describe the data measured at a lower level (40 dB SPL). Across all tested conditions, the correlation between the measured and predicted SRTs was 0.92, whereas the mean prediction error was 0.9 dB.

International audience; The impact of urban sound on human beings has often been studied from a negative point of view (noise pollution). In the two last decades, the interest of studying its positive impact has been revealed with the soundscape approach (resourcing spaces). The literature shows that the recognition of sources plays a great role in the way humans are affected by sound environments. There is thus a need for characterizing urban acoustic environments not only with sound pressure measurements but also with source-specific attributes such as their perceived time of presence, dominance or volume.This paper demonstrates, on a controlled dataset, that machine learning techniques based on state of the art neural architectures can predict the perceived time of presence of several sound sources at a sufficient accuracy. To validate this assertion, a corpus of simulated sound scenes is first designed. Perceptual attributes corresponding to those stimuli are gathered through a listening experiment. From the contributions of the individual sound sources available for the simulated corpus, a physical indicator approximating the perceived time of presence of sources is computed and used to train and evaluate a multi-label source detection model. This model predicts the presence of simultaneously active sources from fast third octave spectra, allowing the estimation of perceptual attributes such as pleasantness in urban sound environments at a sufficient degree of precision.

When a target talker speaks in the presence of competing talkers, the listener must not only segregate the voices but also understand the target message based on a limited set of spectrotemporal regions (“glimpses”) in which the target voice dominates the acoustic mixture. Here, the hypothesis that a broad audible bandwidth is more critical for these sparse representations of speech than it is for intact speech is tested. Listeners with normal hearing were presented with sentences that were either intact, or progressively “glimpsed” according to a competing two-talker masker presented at various levels. This was achieved by using an ideal binary mask to exclude time-frequency units in the target that would be dominated by the masker in the natural mixture. In each glimpsed condition, speech intelligibility was measured for a range of low-pass conditions (cutoff frequencies from 500 to 8000 Hz). Intelligibility was poorer for sparser speech, and the bandwidth required for optimal intelligibility increased with the sparseness of the speech. The combined effects of glimpsing and bandwidth reduction were well captured by a simple metric based on the proportion of audible target glimpses retained. The findings may be relevant for understanding the impact of high-frequency hearing loss on everyday speech communication.When a target talker speaks in the presence of competing talkers, the listener must not only segregate the voices but also understand the target message based on a limited set of spectrotemporal regions (“glimpses”) in which the target voice dominates the acoustic mixture. Here, the hypothesis that a broad audible bandwidth is more critical for these sparse representations of speech than it is for intact speech is tested. Listeners with normal hearing were presented with sentences that were either intact, or progressively “glimpsed” according to a competing two-talker masker presented at various levels. This was achieved by using an ideal binary mask to exclude time-frequency units in the target that would be dominated by the masker in the natural mixture. In each glimpsed condition, speech intelligibility was measured for a range of low-pass conditions (cutoff frequencies from 500 to 8000 Hz). Intelligibility was poorer for sparser speech, and the bandwidth required for optimal intelligibility increased ...

Resume Pourquoi et comment prendre en charge les traumatismes psychiques ? Le phenomene du psychotraumatisme est sans doute aussi vieux que le debut de l’humanite et a deja ete decrit dans de nombreux ecrits anciens. En France, les autorites publiques commencent reellement a s’y interesser apres les attentats de 1995. Depuis, de nombreux travaux ont demontre l’importance d’accompagner de facon precoce les personnes victimes d’evenements traumatiques. Dans cet entretien, des professionnels et collaborateurs du Centre d’Accueil SPEcialise dans le Reperage et le Traitement des Traumatismes psychiques (Caspertt) decrivent ce que l’on entend par psychotraumatisme, detaillent les differentes approches therapeutiques proposees en psychotraumatologie et expliquent en quoi la prise en charge du traumatisme psychique est un enjeu important, en particulier en termes de prevention d’autres troubles. Le Caspertt s’inscrit pleinement dans cette perspective de soins en utilisant differentes approches therapeutiques classiques mais aussi novatrices comme le modele TIM-E (Temporal Identity Model & Experiencing) ou l’HTSMA.

The aim of this study was to extend the harmonic-cancellation model proposed by Prud'homme et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 148 (2020) 3246--3254] to predict speech intelligibility against a harmonic masker, so that it takes into account binaural hearing, amplitude modulations in the masker and variations in masker fundamental frequency (F0) over time. This was done by segmenting the masker signal into time frames and combining the previous long-term harmonic-cancellation model with the binaural model proposed by Vicente and Lavandier [Hear. Res. 390 (2020) 107937]. The new model was tested on the data from two experiments involving harmonic complex maskers that varied in spatial location, temporal envelope and F0 contour. The interactions between the associated effects were accounted for in the model by varying the time frame duration and excluding the binaural unmasking computation when harmonic cancellation is active. Across both experiments, the correlation between data and model predictions was over 0.96, and the mean and largest absolute prediction errors were lower than 0.6 and 1.5 dB, respectively.

This study aimed at predicting individual differences in speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in the presence of symmetrically placed competing talkers for young listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. An existing binaural model incorporating the individual audiogram was revised to handle severe hearing losses by (a) taking as input the target speech level at SRT in a given condition and (b) introducing a floor in the model to limit extreme negative better-ear signal-to-noise ratios. The floor value was first set using SRTs measured with stationary and modulated noises. The model was then used to account for individual variations in SRTs found in two previously published data sets that used speech maskers. The model accounted well for the variation in SRTs across listeners with hearing loss, based solely on differences in audibility. When considering listeners with normal hearing, the model could predict the best SRTs, but not the poorer SRTs, suggesting that other factors limit performance when audibility (as measured with the audiogram) is not compromised.

International audience; Reverberation can have a strong detrimental effect on speech intelligibility in noise. Two main monaural effects were studied here: the temporal smearing of the target speech, which makes the speech less understandable, and the temporal smearing of the noise, which reduces the opportunity for listening in the masker dips. These phenomena have been shown to affect normal-hearing (NH) listeners. The aim of this study was to understand whether hearing-impaired (HI) listeners are more affected by reverberation, and if so to identify which of these two effects is responsible. They were investigated separately and in combination, by applying reverberation either on the target speech, on the noise masker, or on both sources. Binaural effects were not investigated here. Intelligibility scores in the presence of stationary and modulated noise were systematically compared for both NH and HI listeners in these situations. At the optimal signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (that is to say, the SNRs with the least amount of floor and ceiling effects), the temporal smearing of both the speech and the noise had a similar effect for the HI and NH listeners, so that reverberation was not more detrimental for the HI listeners. There was only a very limited dip listening benefit at this SNR for either group. Some differences across group appeared at the SNR maximizing dip listening, but they could not be directly related to an effect of reverberation, and were rather due to floor effects or to the reduced ability of the HI listeners to benefit from dip listening, even in the absence of reverberation.

To give residents better understanding of the impact of future airport scenarios, a virtual reality application with sound simulation will be tested in the frame of the European ANIMA project. The set-up has been evaluated in laboratory before being used in real situation. This paper presents the laboratory experiment whose aim is to assess the application’s relevance for simulating flyovers. Although the perceptual experiment is designed to test the influence of aircraft vision crossed with aircraft sound, this paper focusses only on the impact of the landscape where the flyovers are observed. Two landscapes (park and buildings) are presented to 60 participants, in balanced order, with 12 audio-visual stimuli in both landscapes. Participants had to rate four differential semanticscales. Globally there is no influence of the landscape on the overall pleasantness, but when looking at the individual answers, it appears that three groups of participants can be discriminated. The majority of people do not change their pleasantness ratings in both landscapes, but some participants prefer experiencing the flyovers in the park landscape because it is visually more pleasant, and others prefer the oppositebecause it is more annoying to be submitted to aircraft noise in a green park landscape

Spatial release from masking (SRM) occurs when a target signal and competing masker come from different directions. For a stationary noise interferer, it comprises an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio at one ear (better-ear listening) and a binaural unmasking (BU) component. BU occurs when the target and masker differ in their interaural parameters. In broadband masking noise, the underlying neural mechanism appears not to involve the calculation of sound direction but is most likely a neural subtractive mechanism. BU reduces in effectiveness with increasing frequency, limiting its benefits for speech. The effects of BU and better-ear listening in SRM are nearly additive. For a speech interferer, the masking energy varies at each ear, offering opportunities to detect target speech in the interferer dips, either at one ear or from asynchronous dips at the two ears. At the same time, speech interferers can produce additional masking in the form of informational masking. Informational masking can also be released by spatial separation of the target and masker, but in this case, it appears to be based on the calculation of distinct sound directions. This chapter first focuses on BU of a target tone in noise and then the SRM of speech, reviewing research involving adults with normal hearing.

This work aims to predict speech intelligibility against harmonic maskers. Unlike noise maskers, harmonic maskers (including speech) have a harmonic structure that may allow for a release from masking based on fundamental frequency (F0). Mechanisms, such as spectral glimpsing and harmonic cancellation, have been proposed to explain F0 segregation, but their relative contributions and ability to predict behavioral data have not been explored. A speech intelligibility model was developed that includes both spectral glimpsing and harmonic cancellation. The model was used to fit the data of two experiments from Deroche, Culling, Chatterjee, and Limb [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135, 2873–2884 (2014)], in which speech reception thresholds were measured for stationary harmonic maskers varying in their F0 and degree of harmonicity. Key model parameters (jitter in the masker F0, shape of the cancellation filter, frequency limit for cancellation, and signal-to-noise ratio ceiling) were optimized by maximizing the correspondence between the predictions and data. The model was able to accurately describe the effects associated with varying the masker F0 and harmonicity. Across both experiments, the correlation between data and predictions was 0.99, and the mean and largest absolute prediction errors were lower than 0.5 and 1 dB, respectively.

Objectives Food intake in obesity has been found to be reward-based and less contingent on homeostatic needs. Accordingly, previous studies investigating neural processing of food cues observed aberrant processing in reward- and control-related brain regions in obesity. To further investigate the relation between homeostasis and food intake, this study investigated the influence of glucose metabolism on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving in participants with obesity. Methods Twenty-five normal-weight and 25 women with obesity were examined on two occasions after receiving either water or glucose directly into the stomach using a nasogastric tube. Participants were blinded to the type of infusion and were required to refrain from eating for 16 h before each visit. An event-related fMRI paradigm was used to investigate the effect of intestinal glucose load on the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving. Results A 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA revealed that craving regulation was associated with increased activation in fronto-parietal regions in participants with obesity when compared to healthy controls. However, this effect was observed independently from homeostatic satiety. A regression analysis revealed that the reduction of food craving was related to increased activation in the lingual gyrus in individuals with obesity following the infusion of water. Conclusions In participants with obesity, the neuronal response during the regulation of food craving is associated with increased neural cognitive top-down control and increased visual food processing. Since this observation was independent from satiety status, our results indicate a reduced influence of homeostasis on neural processing during food craving in obesity. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.org: NCT03075371.

Universal access to electrical energy, specifically non-polluting energy, is one of the United Nations Organization Sustainable Development Goals, due to its impact on human and economic development. Even with the significant advances in the electricity sector in the Dominican Republic, there are sectors of the population without access to electricity, as is the case of the San Pablo 2 community in the municipality of La Victoria in Santo Domingo Norte. This article proposes using an interconnected microgrid, with photovoltaic (PV) solar generation and a storage system with lithium-ion batteries for the electrification of San Pablo 2 and the determination of the technical-economic feasibility of the proposed microgrid design using the HOMER and DIgSILENT. The results show the microgrid’s optimal configuration, considering the net present cost, leveled cost of energy, and energy availability. Similarly, the distribution of the components and loads to obtain a voltage behavior and a technically acceptable margin of losses.

International audience; Gathering information about the acoustic environment of urban areas is now possible and studied in many major cities in the world. Part of the research is to find ways to inform the citizen about its sound environment while ensuring her privacy. We study in this paper how this application can be cast into a feature inversion problem. We argue that considering deep learning techniques to solve this problem allows us to produce sound sketches that are representative and privacy aware. Experiments done considering the dcase2017 dataset shows that the proposed learning based approach achieves state of the art performance when compared to blind inversion approaches.

Listeners with sensorineural hearing loss routinely experience less spatial release from masking (SRM) in speech mixtures than listeners with normal hearing. Hearing-impaired listeners have also been shown to have degraded temporal fine structure (TFS) sensitivity, a consequence of which is degraded access to interaural time differences (ITDs) contained in the TFS. Since these "binaural TFS" cues are critical for spatial hearing, it has been hypothesized that degraded binaural TFS sensitivity accounts for the limited SRM experienced by hearing-impaired listeners. In this study, speech stimuli were noise-vocoded using carriers that were systematically decorrelated across the left and right ears, thus simulating degraded binaural TFS sensitivity. Both (1) ITD sensitivity in quiet and (2) SRM in speech mixtures spatialized using ITDs (or binaural release from masking; BRM) were measured as a function of TFS interaural decorrelation in young normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. This allowed for the examination of the relationship between ITD sensitivity and BRM over a wide range of ITD thresholds. This paper found that, for a given ITD sensitivity, hearing-impaired listeners experienced less BRM than normal-hearing listeners, suggesting that binaural TFS sensitivity can account for only a modest portion of the BRM deficit in hearing-impaired listeners. However, substantial individual variability was observed.

When subjected to potentially traumatic events, adults can develop psychological trauma with varying levels of severity. For preventive and therapeutic purposes, these psychological traumas must be assessed and managed by psychologists and/or psychiatrists who are well trained and experienced in performing these complex professional acts.

When subjected to potentially traumatic events, adolescents can develop psychological trauma with varying levels of severity. For both preventive and therapeutic purposes, these psychological traumas should be assessed and managed by psychologists and/or psychiatrists who are well trained and experienced in performing these complex professional interventions.

Reverberation has several detrimental effects on speech intelligibility in noise. They have been extensively studied with normal-hearing listeners. These effects are often simultaneous, and it is hard to disentangle the corresponding difficulties experienced by hearing-impaired listeners in noisy reverberant rooms. In this study, two monaural effects of reverberation were investigated for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners with linear amplification (NAL-RP) to compensate for audibility. One is the temporal smearing of the target speech, which makes it less intelligible. The other is the temporal smearing of the noise masker, which decreases the dip listening benefit associated with envelope modulations in the noise. These two effects were studied separately and in combination, by applying reverberation either on the target speech, on the noise masker or on both. The results were analyzed using Bayesian ANOVAs and t-tests. Overall, the detrimental influence of reverberation was found similar for the hearing-impaired and normal-hearing listeners, indicating that a linear amplification of the signals seemed sufficient to compensate for the potential differences experienced by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.

When subjected to potentially traumatic events, children can develop psychological trauma with varying levels of severity. For preventive and therapeutic purposes, these psychological traumas must be assessed and managed by psychologists and/or psychiatrists who are well-trained and experienced.

The influence of fluctuating road traffic noise on perceived disturbance during a reading task as well as on performance, inside a living room with closed windows, is presented in this paper. Sixteen 2-min sound sequences were created combining two variables: the number of events (four levels varying from one to four car pass-bys) and the peak emergence above the background noise (four levels with a 5 dB(A) step) keeping limited variations ofLAmax, 1s. The noise impact was evaluated through a reading task of texts synchronized with the sound sequences, for participants classified into fast or slow readers, and sensitive or non-sensitive to noise. The comprehension rate of the texts decreases as the background sound level increases. The reading speed decreases during the rising front of a peak, and goes back to its former regular reading speed during the descending front of the peak. This slowdown during the rising front reaches 14% for slow readers. The declared disturbance is higher for slow readers compared to fast readers, and higher for noise sensitive persons compared to non-sensitive persons. The influence of the acoustic indicators on the reading disturbance is very small compared to the influence of personal factors. There is even no influence of the number of events on this disturbance.

This technical paper presents a series of speech intelligibility models that have been developed since the original version proposed by Lavandier and Culling [(2010). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, 387–399]. This binaural model accounts for better-ear listening and binaural unmasking to predict the intelligibility of a near-field target speech among multiple stationary noise sources in rooms for normal-hearing listeners. Subsequent model versions allowed to consider a reverberated speech target in the far-field, envelope-modulated noise sources, and hearing-impaired listeners. As an intermediate step before considering speech maskers, a monaural version incorporating a harmonic-cancellation mechanism was recently developed to account for the effect of a stationary harmonic masker. This technical review is oriented towards model users and explains when and how each model should be used, points at its advantages and limitations, and provides an example of predictions using a data set from the literature. All these models along with the data, signals and code used to prepare the presented figures are made available within the Auditory Modeling Toolbox (AMT 1.1).

Differences in spatial cues, including interaural time differences (ITDs), interaural level differences (ILDs) and spectral cues, can lead to stream segregation of alternating noise bursts. It is unknown how effective such cues are for streaming sounds with realistic spectro-temporal variations. In particular, it is not known whether the high-frequency spectral cues associated with elevation remain sufficiently robust under such conditions. To answer these questions, sequences of consonant-vowel tokens were generated and filtered by non-individualized head-related transfer functions to simulate the cues associated with different positions in the horizontal and median planes. A discrimination task showed that listeners could discriminate changes in interaural cues both when the stimulus remained constant and when it varied between presentations. However, discrimination of changes in spectral cues was much poorer in the presence of stimulus variability. A streaming task, based on the detection of repeated syllables in the presence of interfering syllables, revealed that listeners can use both interaural and spectral cues to segregate alternating syllable sequences, despite the large spectro-temporal differences between stimuli. However, only the full complement of spatial cues (ILDs, ITDs, and spectral cues) resulted in obligatory streaming in a task that encouraged listeners to integrate the tokens into a single stream.

International audience; Airports were built on the outskirts of agglomerations, in zones offering large tracts of land. Populations have densified in these areas despite the noise pollution and the constraints of Noise Exposure Plans (NEP) due to the vast array of economic opportunities available. The impact on the price of real estate has been analysed by applying a hedonic pricing method and evaluating the consequences in terms of environmental inequalities and social justice. The results for France's largest airport, Paris – Charles-de-Gaulle, are compared to trends observed airports both in France and abroad.; Les plateformes aéroportuaires ont été implantées en périphérie des agglomérations dans des zones offrant de larges disponibilités foncières. Des processus de densification sont en cours dans ces lieux confrontées aux gênes sonores et couverts par les contraintes du plan d’exposition au bruit (PEB) car plateformes offrent de multiples opportunités sur le plan économique. Les effets sur le prix des acquisitions immobilières sont analysées en appliquant un modèle des prix hédoniques et en évaluant les conséquences en termes d’inégalités environnementales et de justice sociale. Les résultats pour la première plateforme aéroportuaire française, Paris - Charles-de-Gaulle, sont confrontés aux tendances observées sur d’autres terrains, français comme étrangers.

International audience; The model of Vicente et al. (2019) [Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Acoustics, 9-13 September 2019, Aachen, Germany] was revised to describe individual differences in hearing-impaired (HI) listeners for the intelligibility of speech masked by competing speech. In order to account for severe hearing loss, a floor-SNR value was added to the model and estimated using speech reception thresholds (SRTs) measured in the presence of stationary and modulated noises. The revised model also relies on the average SRT across listeners as input, so it cannot make a priori predictions. On the other hand, it can be used to make a posteriori estimations of the amount of energetic masking that was present and to account for the differences across listeners in a given condition. This was demonstrated using the SRTs from Best et al. (2017) [J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 141 (1), pp. 81-91]. In that study, the target speech was presented (using HRTFs) in front of the listener in the presence of two speech maskers at +/- 90 degrees or four speech maskers at +/- 90/45 degrees. SRTs were measured for 10 normal-hearing (NH) and 7 HI listeners. In each masker configuration, the model was able to account for the variation in HI SRTs and the best NH SRT based solely on differences in audibility. The model could not describe the observed variability among NH listeners, which is unrelated to audibility and may reflect informational masking.

International audience; Neuroscientific studies often use headphones. However, headphones deminish ecological validity of the sounds as they give the impression of a sound source inside the head. We have previously shown, within healthy participants, that a convolution of the sound with a binaural room impulse response, enhances early discrimination between relevant and irrelevant sounds as observed with evoked potentials measured via EEG. This externalisation of the sound furthermore causes more profound processing of irrelevant sounds. The convolution showed activations in the auditory spatial processing pathway and was thus probably associated with an enhanced representation of the peripersonal space. In patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), convolution of sounds increased the probability to evoke a cognitive discriminative response for relevant sounds. Thus, the enhanced realism of the spatialised sounds might help in ?calling attention to the outside world?. Here we will compare a larger group of patients with the same paradigm in EEG to explore the effects of convolved sounds on the exploration of patient outcome. We expect that the more realistic stimuli, resulting in enhanced brain processing, will lead to more sensitive patient assessment.