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The organic content in most of the municipal solid wastes primarily consists of post-consumer waste papers which are rich source of carbohydrates. The present study has focused on investigation of cellulase production by Pseudomonas fluorescens from different types of waste papers namely waste office paper (WOP), waste cardboard (WCB), waste newspaper (WNP) and waste tea cup (WTC) after pre-treatment with n-hexane. The waste papers at a solid loading of 5% (w/v) produced glucose in the range of 5.24 g/L (WTC) to 6.43 g/L (WOP) from n-hexane pre-treatment at 80oC for 30 minutes. The structural changes of pre-treated waste papers were studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope. Pseudomonas fluorescens (10% v/w) inoculated to pre-treated waste papers with 70% moisture content was able to produce maximum cellulase at 15 days of incubation with 5.10 CMCase/mL from WOP followed by cardboard and newspaper with similar production of 4.03 CMCase/mL and WTC with production of 3.82 CMCase/mL.

This paper presents an avatar of the well-known Gleason-Kahane-$\dot{\text{Z}}$elazko (GKZ) theorem for the vector space of all complex polynomials $\cl P$. In effect, we characterize a class of linear functionals as point evaluations on $\cl P$. We do not make any topological assumptions on $\cl P$. We then apply this characterization to present a version of the GKZ theorem for a class of metric spaces of complex-valued functions on an open disc centered at the origin. We obtain this result under the assumption of continuity of the linear functional, which we show, with the help of an example, to be a necessary condition for the desired conclusion. Lastly, we use our version of the GKZ theorem for polynomials to obtain a version of the GKZ theorem for strictly cyclic weighted Hardy spaces.

The $UBVRI$ CCD photometric data of open star cluster NGC 1513 are obtained with the 3.6-m Indo-Belgian Devasthal optical telescope (DOT). Analyses of the GAIA EDR3 astrometric data have identified 106 possible cluster members. The mean proper motion of the cluster is estimated as $\mu_{\alpha}Cos{\delta}=1.29\pm0.02$ and $\mu_{\delta}=-3.74\pm0.02$ mas yr$^{-1}$. Estimated values of reddening $E(B-V)$ and distance to the NGC 1513 are 0.65$\pm$0.03 mag and 1.33$\pm$0.1 kpc respectively. An age of $225\pm25$ Myr is assigned to the cluster by comparing theoretical isochrones with deep observed cluster sequence. Using observations taken with the 3.6-m DOT, values of distance and age of the galactic globular cluster NGC 4147 are estimated as $18.2\pm0.2$ Kpc and $14\pm2$ Gyr respectively. The optical observations of planetary transit around white dwarf WD1145+017 and $K$-band imaging of star-forming region Sharpless Sh 2-61 demonstrate observing capability of 3.6-m DOT. Optical and near-infrared observations of celestial objects and events are being carried out routinely with the 3.6-m DOT. They indicate that the performance of the telescope is at par with those of other similar telescopes located elsewhere in the world. We therefore state that this observing facility augurs well for multi-wavelength astronomy including study of astrophysical jets., Comment: Accepted for Special Issue of Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 2022, Astrophysical jets and observational facilities: National perspective, 05-09 April 2021, ARIES Nainital

There are many infectious diseases that may be biofilm mediated, medical device-mediated or from some other agent, are now becoming life-threatening. Despite of availability of many antimicrobial agents, new drugs or therapeutics, these infections have continued to be a global health challenge. Nowadays, conventional antimicrobial agents have failed against many infections due to the emergence of multiple drug-resistant strains. Even, if there is a therapeutic efficacy of these drugs, there inappropriate amounts are resulting in an adequate therapeutic index, local and systematic side effects, including irritation, reduction in gut flora and other manifestations. To overcome such situations, nanostructures have exclusive physicochemical properties as they are ultra small, their size can be controlled, greater surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity and functionalizable structure. Encapsulation of antimicrobial drugs in these nanoparticle systems helps in reducing many side effects. It also helps in the sustained release of drug for a larger time period. Several metal and metal oxide nanoparticles such as silver, gold, zinc, etc. have shown a promising antimicrobial activity. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and solid lipid nanoparticles have achieved great success as efficient antimicrobial drug delivery systems. These nanoparticles use multiple biological pathways to exert their antimicrobial mechanism such as cell wall disruption, inhibition of RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, etc. Moreover,these preparations of nanoparticles are more cost-effective than that of antibiotic synthesis with lesser or no side effects.

In this note we study sub-Hardy Hilbert spaces on which the the action of the operator of multiplication by the coordinate function z is assumed to be weaker than that of an isometry. We identify such operators with a class of weighted shifts. The well known results of de Branges and Beurling are deduced as corollaries ., Comment: 8 Pages

We present results of multi-epoch (fourteen nights during 2007-2010) $V$-band photometry of the cluster NGC 1893 region to identify photometric variable stars in the cluster. The study identified a total of 53 stars showing photometric variability. The members associated with the region are identified on the basis of spectral energy distribution, $J-H/H-K$ two colour diagram and $V/V-I$ colour-magnitude diagram. The ages and masses of the majority of pre-main-sequence sources are found to be $\lesssim$ 5 Myr and in the range 0.5 $\lesssim$ $M/M_{\odot}$ $\lesssim$ 4, respectively. These pre-main-sequence sources hence could be T Tauri stars. We also determined the physical parameters like disk mass and accretion rate from the spectral energy distribution of these T Tauri stars. The periods of majority of the T Tauri stars range from 0.1 to 20 day. The brightness of Classical T Tauri stars is found to vary with larger amplitude in comparison to Weak line T Tauri stars. It is found that the amplitude decreases with increase in mass, which could be due to the dispersal of disks of massive stars., Comment: 15pages, 16 figures and 5 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

We present time-series photometry of stars located in the extremely young open cluster Berkeley 59. Using the 1.04 m telescope at ARIES, Nainital, we have identified 42 variables in a field of 13'x13' around the cluster. The probable members of the cluster are identified using (V, V-I) colour-magnitude diagram and (J-H, H-K) colour-colour diagram. Thirty one variables are found to be pre-main sequence stars associated with the cluster. The ages and masses of pre-main sequence stars are derived from colour-magnitude diagram by fitting theoretical models to the observed data points. The ages of the majority of the probable pre-main sequence variable candidates range from 1 to 5 Myrs. The masses of these pre-main sequence variable stars are found to be in the range of ~0.3 to ~3.5 Msun and these could be T Tauri stars. The present statistics reveal that about 90% T Tauri stars have periods < 15 days. The classical T Tauri stars are found to have larger amplitude in comparison to the weak line T Tauri stars. There is an indication that the amplitude decreases with increase of the mass, which could be due to the dispersal of disk of relatively massive stars., 11 pages, 12 Figures and 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

This paper proves two theorems. The first of these simplifies and lends clarity to the previous characterizations of the invariant subspaces of $S$, the operator of multiplication by the coordinate function $z$, on $L^2(\mathbb{T};\mathbb{C}^n)$, where $\mathbb{T}$ is the unit circle, by characterizing the invariant subspaces of $S^n$ on scalar valued $L^p$ ($0, Comment: 18 pages

We give a short direct proof of Agler's factorization theorem that uses the abstract characterization of operator algebras. the key ingredient of this proof is an operator algebra factorization theorem. Our proof provides some additional information about these factorizations in the case of polynomials.