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OBJECTIVES: Traditional jumping-dance rituals performed by Maasai men involve prolonged physical exertion that may contribute significantly to overall physical activity level. We aimed to objectively quantify the metabolic intensity of jumping-dance activity and assess associations with habitual physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS: Twenty Maasai men (18-37 years) from rural Tanzania volunteered to participate in the study. Habitual physical activity was monitored using combined heart rate (HR) and movement sensing over 3 days, and jumping-dance engagement was self-reported. A 1-h jumping-dance session resembling a traditional ritual was organized, during which participants' vertical acceleration and HR were monitored. An incremental, submaximal 8-min step test was performed to calibrate HR to physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and assess CRF. RESULTS: Mean (range) habitual PAEE was 60 (37-116) kJ day-1 kg-1 , and CRF was 43 (32-54) mL O2 min-1 kg-1 . The jumping-dance activity was performed at an absolute HR of 122 (83-169) beats·min-1 , and PAEE of 283 (84-484) J min-1 kg-1 or 42 (18-75)% when expressed relative to CRF. The total PAEE for the session was 17 (range 5-29) kJ kg-1 , ~28% of the daily total. Self-reported engagement in habitual jumping-dance frequency was 3.8 (1-7) sessions/week, with a total duration of 2.1 (0.5-6.0) h/session. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity during traditional jumping-dance activity was moderate, but on average sevenfold higher than habitual physical activity. These rituals are common, and can make a substantial contribution to overall physical activity in Maasai men, and thus be promoted as a culture-specific activity to increase energy expenditure and maintain good health in this population.

In isolated mitochondria, calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) opening is thought to be regulated by adenylates but the relative effects of inherent adenylate cycling unique to permeabilized tissues is less explored. To determine the effect of adenylate cycling on calcium retention capacity (CRC) as an index of mt-permeability transition (mtPT) in permeabilized muscle fibers, separate in vitro assessments of CRC were compared in media that did not contain ADP or received exogenous ADP that naturally equilibrated with ATP through endogenous ATP-dependent pathways (ADP/ATP cycling). Comparisons were made to ADP combined with a hexokinase 2-deoxyglucose system recycling ATP back to ADP (ATP depletion). In mouse quadriceps, ADP increased CRC suggesting endogenous ADP-ATP cycling attenuates mtPT. ADP with hexokinase lowered CRC relative to ADP alone but had no effect compared to the absence of ADP (no adenylates). This finding suggests ADP does not alter calcium-induced mtPT and that its regulation by adenylates is specific to ATP in permeabilized mouse quadriceps fibers. Accelerating matrix ADP/ATP cycling with creatine and 5 mM ADP did not affect CRC but more than doubled CRC (desensitized mtPT) when the hexokinase clamp was included. CRC was similar in wildtype and D2.mdx mouse cardiac left ventricle fibers whether assessed with ADP and creatine (adenylate cycling) or without ADP, confirming adenylate-dependent and -independent control of mtPT is not altered in this model of myopathy. These results demonstrate the natural cycling of ADP with ATP in permeabilized muscle fibers attenuates mtPT, but not due to ADP itself. Repeating assessments with and without adenylate cycling can add further insight to experimental results.

In isolated mitochondria, calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is thought to be regulated by adenylates but the relative effects of adenylate cycling in permeabilized tissues is less explored. To determine the effect of adenylates on calcium retention capacity (CRC) as an index of mPTP in permeabilized muscle fibres, separate in vitro assessments of CRC were compared in media that did not contain ADP or received exogenous ADP that naturally equilibrated with ATP through endogenous ATP-dependent pathways (presence of both ADP and ATP). Comparisons were made to a hexokinase 2-deoxyglucose system that recycles ATP to ADP (depletion of ATP). In permeabilized mouse quadriceps fibres, we found that CRC was increased by ADP suggesting endogenous ADP-ATP equilibria attenuate mPTP. Supplementing ADP with the hexokinase ATP recycling clamp lowered CRC relative to ADP alone but had no effect relative to the absence of adenylates. This finding suggests ADP does not alter calcium-induced mPTP and that its regulation by adenylates is specific to ATP in permeabilized mouse quadriceps fibres. Accelerating matrix ADP/ATP cycling with creatine had no effect on CRC when combined with 5mM ADP but more than doubled CRC (desensitized mPTP) when the hexokinase clamp was included. These results demonstrate the importance of considering adenylate equilibria during the design of in vitro assessments of calcium-induced mPTP in permeabilized muscle fibres.

Tabel over pecifications of primers used for RT-qPCR.

Previous studies have investigated if cryopreservation is a viable approach for functional mitochondrial analysis. Different tissues have been studied, and conflicting results have been published. The aim of the present study was to investigate if mitochondria in human skeletal muscle maintain functionality after long term cryopreservation (1 year). Skeletal muscle samples were preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for later analysis. Human skeletal muscle fibres were thawed and permeabilised with saponin, and mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry. The capacity of oxidative phosphorylation was significantly (P0.05) reduced in cryopreserved human skeletal muscle samples. Cryopreservation impaired respiration with substrates linked to Complex I more than for Complex II (P0.05). Addition of cytochrome c revealed an increase in respiration indicating cytochrome c loss from the mitochondria. The results from this study demonstrate that normal mitochondrial functionality is not maintained in cryopreserved human skeletal muscle samples.

Tendensen i dansk universitetspolitik diskuteres kritisk i lyset af Wilhelm von Humboldt og K.E. Løgstrups tanker.

“absurd sociologi”, “accept”, “acceptabilitet”, “adaptiv teori”, “adhocrati”, “affektivitet”, “afstandardisering”, “aggression”, “aktør”, “aktør-struktur”, “Jeffrey Charles Alexander”, “alderdom”, “aldring”, “alternativitet”, “analytisk induktion”, “ansigtsarbejde”, “anything goes”, “arketype”, “attribution”, “backstage/frontstage”, “Roy Bhaskar”, “Gregory Bateson”, “Howard S. Becker”, “behaviorisme”, “behov”, “behovspyramide”, “behovsteori”, “behovstilfredsstillelse”, “Peter Ludwig Berger”, “black box”, “Ottar Brox”, “Budapest-skolen”, “Chicago-skolen”, “Avron Noam Chomsky”, “Hélène Cioux”, “coping”, “Ralf Dahrendorf”, “Norman Kent Denzin”, “Wilhelm Dilthey”, “diakroni”, “Disneyisering”, “dobbelthermeneutik”, “dokumentanalyse”, “dualitet, “dyade”, “dødssociologi”, “Edinburghskolen”, “ego”, “ekspertsystem”, “ekspressiv revolution”, “ekstrovert”, “Norbert Elias”, “Jon Elster”, “emergens”, “emics”, “empirisme”, “etikette”, “etologi”, “figuration”, “figurationssociologi”, “filmsociologi”, “folkelig/offentlig sociologi”, “for-at-motiver”, “forbud”, “fordi-motiver”, ”forhandling”, “forpligtelse”, “forklarende sociologi”, “forsvarsmekanisme”, “forventning”, “fremtidsforskning”, “frihed”, “frisættelse”, “fænomenalisme”, “Arnold Gehlen”, “generaliseret anden”, “gerontologi”, “gestalt”, “gestus”, “Erving Goffman”, “Alvin W. Gouldner”, “gruppe”, “handlen”, “handling”, “handlingssystemer”, “handlingsteori”, “handlingstypologi”, “Han-sens lov”, “Agnes Heller”, “hjemløshed”, “hofsamfund”, “George Casper Homans”, “homo duplex”, “homo ludens”, “homo sociologicus”, “hooliganisme”, “humanistisk koefficient”, “humanistisk sociologi”, “David Hume”, “hverdagslivssociologi”, “iagttagelse”, “iagttager”, “identitet”, “indeksikalitet”, “individ”, “individualisme”, “indtryksstyring”, “informa-lisering”, “informant”, “insignifikant anden”, “interaktion/samhandling”, “interdependens”, “interesse”, “interpersonel”, “intersubjektivitet”, “intimisering”, “invention”, “involveret-hed”, “iscenesættelse”, “William James”, “jeg’et”, “Carl Gustav Jung”, “kinæstetik”, “kog-nitiv analyse”, “kognitiv sociologi”, “kollektivt ubevidste”, “kontrafaktisk”, “konversati-onsanalyse”, “kreolisering”, “Julia Kristeva”, “kronificering”, “kropssprog”, “kropsdyrkel-se”, “Robert David Laing”, “Henri Lefebvre”, “liminalitet”, “livsalder”, “livskvalitet”, “livspolitik”, “looping”, “Thomas Luckmann”, “makrosociologi”, “McDonaldisering”, “George Herbert Mead”, “Robert King Merton”, “mesosociologi”, “metasociologi”, “meto-dologisk pluralisme”, “middle-range theory”, “mig’et”, “mikrohistorie”, “mikrosociologi”, ”millenarisme”, “Charles Wright Mills”, “modus 1 videnskab”, “modus 2 videnskab”, “Thomas More”, “morfogenese”, “mulighedssans”, “mønstervedligeholdelse”, “narrativi-tet”, “nedsivningsteori”, “neopositivisme”, “Robert Alexander Nisbet”, “nonverbal kom-munikation”, “norm”, “normalitet”, “nostalgi”, “nytte”, “oligarkisk jernlov”, “omdømme”, “omsorg”, “ontologisk sikkerhed”, “operationalisme”, “oplevelsesfællesskaber”, “outsider”, “Robert Ezra Park”, “Parkinsons lov”, “perception”, “performans/performance”, “person-lighed”, “personlighedskult”, “Jean Piaget”, “pligt”, “posttraditionel”, “praksisfællesskab”, “praktisk fornuft”, “privat og offentlig sfære”, “profeti”, “proces”, “procesreduktion”, “pro-cessociologi”, “proksemik”, “prosument”, “præstation”, “psykogenese”, “radikal sociologi”, “John Rawls”, “realisme”, “redundans”, “refleksiv sociologi”, “relation”, “relativ autonomi”, “relativisme”, “responsivitet”, “rolle”, “rolleovertagelse”, “rollesæt/rollepar”, “samfund”, “samfundslegeme”, “samfundsteori”, “samtale”, “samtidsdiagnose”, “sans”, “sanselighed”, “Alfred Schutz”, “sediment”, “selvmord”, “selvopfyldende profeti”, “selvrefleksion”, “selvtægt”, “sekundære behov”, “selv”, “selvidentitet”, “selvrealisering”, “selvpræsen-tation”, “situationisme”, “situid”, “Frederic Burrhus Skinner”, “Den Skotske Skole”, “so-ciabilitet”, “social/det sociale”, “social orden”, “social panik”, “social ramme”, “social ud-vikling”, “sociale relationer”, “sociodicé”, “sociodrama”, “sociogenese”, “sociokulturel”, “sociolingvistik”, ”sociolatri”, “sociolekt”, “sociologisk fantasi”, “sociologisk teori”, “so-ciologisme”, ”spejljeg/spejlselv”, “spil”, “status”, “stereotyp”, “stress”, “strukturanalyse”, “strukturation”, “strukturationsteori”, “strukturdualitet”, “strukturvedligeholdelse”, “symbolisme”, “symbolsk interaktionisme”, “symbolsk inversion”, “sympati”, “synkroni”, “sæder”, “techne”, “William Isaac Thomas”, “tilfredsstillelse”, “tivolisering”, “total institution”, “tradition”, “transaktion”, “transaktionsanalyse”, “transaktionsomkostning”, “trend”, “triade”, “troværdighed”, “udveksling”, “udviklingspsykologi”, “ungdom”, “ungdomskultur”, “uopmærksomhed”, “utilsigtede konsekvenser”, “venskab”, “Verstehen”, “videnskabelig revolution”, “videnssamfund”, “visuel sociologi”, “Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky”, “værdidom”, “værdikonsensus”, “værdirelativisme”, “Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein”, “Florian Znaniecki”, “åbent system”, “åndsvidenskaber”